SIEMENS

Project Report

On

Industrial Summer Training

At: Submitted by:

Siemens Ltd. Akshat Gupta
Transportation and Signaling Division (0981154905)
Delhi

(June-July 2008)

Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering

Paschim Vihar, New Delhi
 (2005-2009)

Certificate

This is to certify that Akshat Gupta has successfully completed his 8 weeks
summer industrial training from Siemens Ltd.,Delhi.

His performance during the training period has been found to be satisfactory. During
his tenure as a trainee he has maintained the decorum of the office.

Mr. Vijay Azad Mr. Anupam Arora

Senior Executive Engineer Senior Manager
Siemens Site Office TS division
Paschim Vihar Siemens Ltd.

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 Acknowledgement
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task is
incomplete without the mention of the people whose ceaseless cooperation made it
possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the efforts with
success.

I am grateful to Mr. P. Tandon (Project Manager, SIEMENS LTD, New Delhi) for
giving me an opportunity to enhance my skills as an Engineer by allowing me to join
this esteemed organization as a trainee. I am also very thankful to Ms Chhavi
Kumar (HR Personnel SIEMENS LTD, New Delhi).

I am grateful to Mr. Anupam Arora (Senior Manager, SIEMENS Ltd., New Delhi) my
project guide for giving me an opportunity to visit the site office, which helped me a
lot in knowing about the practical implementation of a project.

I wish to express my sincere thanks to Mr. Vijay Azad (Senior Executive Engineer,
SIEMENS Ltd., New Delhi) for his invaluable guidance and support throughout my
training. It has been a great experience to work under his supervision as he always
kept my morale high and willingly cleared even the most trivial doubts of mine.

I am very thankful to Mr Ravindra Chauhan and Mr. Dinesh for helping me a lot
during the maintainance work at metro sites.

Special thanks to Mr. Sanjeev Sharma (Administration Incharge, SIEMENS LTD)

for his cooperation and help during my training work and project work.

At last but not the least I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to staff of
Transportation System Division, SIEMENS LTD, who helped me directly or indirectly
throughout my training.
While working on this Project I realized that a company like SIEMENS is not only a
Store house of capable Engineers but also proficient managers and that every
project done over here requires a true blend of technical and managerial skills.

There is no substitution to ‘Team Work’; this is one of the lessons I learnt during my
training in SIEMENS LTD.

Akshat Gupta
(Trainee)

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 CONTENTS

 Introduction

 Company Profile

 Transportation System

 Overview of DMRC

 Signaling in DMRC

 Overview of signaling

o Interlocking

o Overview of FTGS

o ATP

o ATS

 Master clock

 Testing of Cables

 Power for Electric Trains

 Conclusion

 References

 APPENDIX

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Introduction

Signaling system world over are provided not only to make optimum use of the
existing line capacity, but also to provide safe train operation by reducing human
dependence
Rail signaling and safety systems provide smooth operation of suburban and main-
line railways. They are complex facilities consisting of various subsystems and
devices, which must be properly matched. Each component, from interlocking to
point machine, is basic to safe railway operations especially in view of the increasing
demands to be met by modern railway systems.
Interlocking is a mechanism to check the route the train is going to traverse before
clearing the signal and to prevent the clearing of signal when it is unsafe for the
movement. Automatic train control systems from Siemens are an essential
component
of rail signaling and safety. It eliminates human error and ensures safety in train
operations. It also controls points, to allow train to change the line. Track circuits,
which used to detect train presences are also controlled by interlocking system.

SCADA systems are typically used to perform data collection and control at the
supervisory level. Some systems are called SCADA despite only performing data
acquisition and not control. SCADA is the acronym for Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition.
The supervisory control system is a system that is placed on top of a real-time
control system to control a process that is external to the SCADA system (i.e. a
computer, by itself, is not a SCADA system even though it controls its own power
consumption and cooling). This implies that the system is not critical to control the
process in real time, as there is a separate or integrated real-time automated control
system that can respond quickly enough to compensate for process changes within

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the time constants of the process. The process can be industrial, infrastructure or
facility based.

COMPANY
PROFILE

SIEMENS LTD.

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HISTORY

Siemens was founded by Werner von Siemens on October 1, 1847, based on the
telegraph he had invented that used a needle to point to the sequence of letters,
instead of using Morse code. The company – then called Telegraphen-Bauanstalt
von Siemens & Halske – opened its first workshop on October 12.

In 1848, the company built the first long-distance telegraph line in Europe; 500 km
from Berlin to Frankfurt am Main. In 1850 the founder's younger brother, Sir William
Siemens (born Carl Wilhelm Siemens), started to represent the company in London.
In the 1850s, the company was involved in building long distance telegraph networks
in Russia. In 1855, a company branch headed by another brother, Carl von
Siemens, opened in St Petersburg.

In the 1950s and from their new base in Bavaria, S&H started to manufacture
computers, semiconductor devices, laundry machines, and pacemakers. Siemens
AG was incorporated in 1966. The company's first digital telephone exchange was
produced in 1980. In 1988 Siemens and GEC acquired the UK defense and
technology company Plessey. Plessey's holdings were split, and Siemens took over
the avionics, radar and traffic control businesses

Chief Executives

• Werner von Siemens (1847-1890)

• Wilhelm von Siemens (1890-1919)
• Carl Friedrich von Siemens (1919-1941)

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 • Hermann von Siemens (1941-1956)
• Ernst von Siemens (1956-1968)
• Gerd Tacke (1968-1971)
• Bernhard Plettner (1971-1981)
• Karlheinz Kaske (1981-1992)
• Heinrich von Pierer (1992-2005)
• Klaus Kleinfeld (2005-2007)
• Peter Löscher (2007

The company has around 450,000 employees (in continuing operations) working to
develop and manufacture products, design and install complex systems and
projects, and tailor a wide range of solutions for individual requirements. The
company has some state of the art production facilities in about 50 countries, which
they harness to provide solutions to their clients in about 190 countries.
For over 160 years, Siemens has stood for technical achievements, innovation,
quality, reliability and internationality.
In fiscal 2007, Siemens had revenue of €72.4 billion and income from continuing
operations of €3.9 billion (IFRS).

In India SIEMENS Ltd. is a leading electrical and electronics company. Established

in 1922, it was incorporated as a company in1957 and in 1962 it was converted into
a public limited company. It operates in the Energy, Industry, Healthcare,
Transportation, Information, Communications and Components business segment.
In addition the Siemens’ Group in India has presence in the field of Power Design,
Renovation and Modernization of the existing power plants also it is present in the
manufacturing of lightning and household goods.

BUSINESSES OF SIEMENS

• Industry
• Energy
• Healthcare
• Cross-Sector Businesses
• Strategic Equity Investments
• Other Operations

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R&D At Siemens:

With about 50,750 patents, Siemens is one of the most innovative companies
anywhere. The current spheres of innovation of Siemens’ are as under:

1. Sensor Technology
2. Clean Energy
3. Materials Research
4. New Light Sources
5. Medical Imaging
6. Robots and Agents

Presence of Siemens in different segments in India:

Energy: Siemens has commissioned India’s largest HVDC project.

Information Technology: Siemens Information Systems Ltd. is one of the leading

systems integrator and total software solutions provider with 1400 software
developers working in India.

Transportation: Siemens (TS) division manufactures state-of-the-art signaling,

automation and Electrification equipment for railways and locomotives.

Healthcare: Siemens’ medical provides full range of diagnostic, therapeutic and life
saving solutions in India

Communication: Siemens Public Communication India Pvt Ltd. provides network

and switching products, design and commissioning for both basic and cellular
telephony in the carrier segment.

Lighting: Osram India Pvt Ltd. is a leading player in the Indian lighting industry.
Osram introduced energy efficient T5 Fluorescent lamp in India. Also provided
lighting for Delhi–Noida expressway and implemented CAT 3 landing system at
Indira Gandhi International Airport.

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 SIEMENS.

Siemens, which has its headquarters in Berlin and Munich, is undeniably a Global
Powerhouse in electrical engineering. It has more than 4,40,000 employees around
the world working to develop and manufacture leading edge products, design and
install complex systems and projects, and tailor a range of individualized services as
varied as their customers' requirements.

The Company operates some SOD-production facilities in over 50 countries by

harnessing innovative technologies and comprehensive know-how , they help their
customers in more than 190 countries meet their business and technical needs.

Innovative solutions offered by their Energy, Industry, Information and

Communication, Healthcare, Transportation, Lighting and Components segments as
well as their Financing & Real Estate activities help improve living standards around
the globe.

The success lies in the timetable that allowed for "no ifs, ands or buts" – their ten
points program. It contains specific measures in three areas:
• Reorienting business portfolio.
• Applying a set of binding management tools.
• Preparing to list Siemens in New York stock exchange.

It has strengthened its know-how in Internet technologies with acquisitions in the US

broadband communications market. The Internet is increasingly shaping business at

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Siemens. They are using eCommerce to systematically integrate customers and
suppliers into the operations. They are gaining further benefits of cost, quality and
time.

[Link] INDIA

Siemens Ltd. is a leading electrical and electronics engineering company in India.

Established in 1922, it was incorporated as a company in 1957 and in 1962 was
converted into a public limited company with 51 % of its equity held by Siemens AG
and the remaining 49% held by Indian shareholders. It operates in the Energy,
Industry, Healthcare, Transportation, Information, Communications and components
business segments. It also operates joint ventures in the fields of
telecommunications and information technology.

In addition, Siemens Group in India has presence in the field of Power Design,
Renovation & Modernization of existing power plant, Lighting, and Household goods.
The Siemens Group in India has a widespread marketing and distribution network in
addition to multiple manufacturing facilities in India. It also has a well-organized up-
market value addition in Engineering, Software, System Integration, Erection,
Commissioning and Customer Services.

Siemens long association with India began in the year 1867 when Werner Von
Siemens personally supervised the laying of the first transcontinental telegraphic line
between Calcutta and London.

Siemens has played an active role in the technological progress experienced in the
last three decades. In the 60's the nations expanding investment in power
generation called for a range of high quality electrical and auxiliary equipments.
Siemens grew out of a response to this need. First in a small way assembling
switchboards at workshop in Bombay. Later, manufacturing units were installed in

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Bombay and Calcutta. With products as varied as Switchgears, Motors, Drives and
Automation Systems, Switchboards, Power Systems Automation, Railway Signaling
Systems, Medical Engineering and Telecommunication Equipments.

Siemens extensive network in India includes 10 manufacturing units, 12 sales

offices, 30 representatives, 350 dealers and system houses. Being closely related to
Siemens AG, Germany gives Siemens India access to the world's latest
developments in every field. Siemens technology has been made available to
reputed Indian Organizations in the form of collaboration agreements with BHEL,
BEL, HMT, ECIL and Mafatlal Industries to name a few. Besides associates and
subsidiary companies have been formed like Siemens Business Communication
Systems Limited (SBCSL), for the marketing of EPABX; Siemens Information
Systems Limited (SISL) and Siemens Communication Software Limited (SCSL), for
software mainly for exports; Siemens Public Communication Network Limited
(SPCNL), for complete telecommunication solutions for the public communication
networks for both government and private sector telecom in India; Siemens Metering
Limited (SML) formerly known as VXL Landis & Gyr Limited is engaged in the
manufacture, sales and service of electromechanical single phase and three phase
meters for residential and commercial applications; Information Communication
Mobile(ICM),for providing total network solutions for the GSM Mobile operators,
Information Communication Networks(ICN), provides telecom solutions for the Wire
line operators. ICM & ICN have now become a part of Siemens Limited.

Siemens with its global experience and expertise in the above sectors has helped to
keep India in the frontline of International Technology.

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DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF SIEMENS LIMITED IN INDIA

Siemens true international presence is well established by the diversified markets

that it serves by manufacturing products ranging from switchgears to mobiles, from
providing power to providing the most ultra-modem medical machines and
equipments.

Its major segments of work in India are:

Energy

Siemens India partners public and private power utilities and industries to generate
clean power and ensure its efficient transmission and distribution. Their capabilities
include concept, design, engineering, local manufacture, installation, commissioning
and service of a wide range of products and solutions across the entire chain.

Siemens Power Generation Division offers electrical and automation solutions and
service renovation & modernization for various types of power plants. Siemens
Power Transmission & Distribution Division provides a complete range of medium
and high voltage switchgear, medium voltage switchboards, protection & control
systems, energy management systems and undertakes turnkey projects up to 800
kV as well as HVDC systems.

Some Highlights:

• Over one-third of power generated in India uses Siemens technology

• Siemens' MV factory (Kalwa) is a centre of Competence and Technology for
switchgear up to 52 kV and exports to 15 countries
• Siemens has commissioned India's largest HVDC transmission project
• Siemens Power Engineering Pvt. Limited global competence center
undertake total power plant engineering from concept to commissioning.

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Information Technology

Siemens India provides high end IT consultancy and solutions. Siemens Information
Systems Ltd. (SISL) is one of India's leading systems integrator and total software
solutions providers.

Siemens has seven domain-focused software development centers in India,

employing over 1400 software developers, functional engineers and business
specialists. SISL undertakes high-end software development in embedded systems,
process automation, hospital information systems, medical imaging, employee
relationship management, supply chain management customer relationship
management and other business solutions, in addition to security (biometrics and
imaging) for clients ranging from media to pharmaceuticals.

Highlights - SISL

• It is the largest implementation partner for SAP AG in India.

SISL works closely with several Siemens AG groups, for example with Rail
Consult GmbH to execute ticketing systems in the Netherlands and
Germany.

• SISL has worked with the EPFO to develop a prototype for India's Social
Security System.

• SISL has achieved SEI CMM Level 5 for quality and SEI PCMM Level 3
certification for HR practices, a status, which only a few companies in the
world have been awarded.

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Transportation

In today's world of rapid communication, efficient transportation is of paramount

importance. And Indian Railways being the second largest railway network in the
world has a very special role to play in the mass transportation of goods and
passengers. Indian Railways network covers over 62,000 kilometers and about 7050
stations. Thus it is very important that all existing networks must be utilized to the
optimum efficiency. Traffic movement must be fast and swift. Safety, reliability and
economy must be interlocked.

Siemens India supports India's railway infrastructure and automobile manufacturers

with cost-effective passenger safety & comfort products and systems.
Siemens Transportation Systems Division (TS) manufactures state-of-the-art safety
and comfort systems such as signaling systems, traffic control and automation,
electrification, traction equipment for locomotives and mass transit vehicles.
TS also maintain rolling stock and undertake turnkey projects for urban rail transport.
Siemens VDO Automotive Ltd. manufactures a wide range of dashboard instruments
and related electronic accessories, and other electronic gadgets for various
automotive users in India.

Some highlights:

• Siemens pioneered the railway signaling system, which helps the efficient
management of Mumbai's suburban train services.

• Siemens VDO is a global competence center for Mechanical Speedometer

movement, MoT AS.

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Healthcare
Medical engineering is constantly enhancing the effectiveness of the diagnostic and
therapeutic modalities now available to the medical profession. The rapid advances
in electronics have resulted in phenomenal benefits accruing to modem medicine.
Non-invasive, imaging, faster and accurate diagnosis and paper-free documentation
of patient data are just a few of the benefits.

Siemens India supports medical fraternity and millions of Indians with their
comprehensive range of healthcare products, solutions and services.

Siemens Medical offers a full range of diagnostic, therapeutic and life saving
solutions that include CT, MRI, US, NM, Angio, Digital Radiography Systems,
Radiology Networking Systems, Lithotripsy, Linear Accelerators. Siemens Hearing
Instruments provides a breakthrough for hearing impaired across the social strata,
with a broad range of hearing aids.

Some highlights

• Siemens' Goa factory is a Centre of Competence for high frequency X-ray

units and has the global mandate for export of Multimobil 2.5

• Siemens setup India's first film free diagnostic system by integrating their
medical equipments with Siemens Information Systems Ltd.'s Hospital
Information Systems.

• Siemens Hearing Instruments Pvt. Ltd. Has pioneered the Hearing Care
Center concept, a one stop solution that caters to the needs of the hearing
impaired, in
India.

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Communication

Siemens India provides a whole range of convergence solutions combining voice,

data, video and mobility.

Siemens Public Communication Networks Pvt. Ltd. provides network and switching
products, design and commissioning services for both basic and cellular telephony in
the carrier segment. Additionally Siemens Enterprise Networks Division offers high-
end solutions for large & medium enterprises.
Siemens Mobile Phones division provides a wide range of mobile devices for the
retail segment.

Siemens Public Communication Networks Pvt. Ltd.'s software development center,

Siemens Communication Software (SCS) in Bangalore, has made its mark in
software development for telecom applications and has been given the global lead
for developing GSM and 3G/UMTS network software.

Some highlights:

• Siemens Public Communication Networks Pvt. Ltd. is one of India's leading

network providers and has commissioned over 5 million EWSD lines in India

• Siemens Enterprise Networks division is a market leader in the enterprise

networks sector in India.

• SCS is Siemens' fourth largest software development center in the world; has
developed the "Centrex Manager" software solution for Deutsche Telecom

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Lighting

Osram India Pvt. Ltd. is a leading player in the Indian lightening industry. Osram
designs and manufactures economical, long life lightning products for the consumer
and professional segments in India. It’s broad. Portfolio of products encompasses
incandescent ,fluorescent and compact lamps that have applications in general
lightning, scientific, automotive, photo optic signaling, airfield, electric control gear
and other special areas. Its design center near Delhi develops lamp designs for
Osram Sylvania.

Some highlights are

• Osram India Pvt. Ltd. was the first to introduce the energy efficient T5
fluorescent lamp in India.

• Osram provided lightning for the Delhi-Noida Expressway and for the
sophisticated CAT3 landing system for New Delhi's International Airport.

• It has contracts to provide lighting facilities to the corporate office and

installations of several large Indian business houses.

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Industry

Modem distribution and control gear technology have changed considerably. This is
due to the increased operating requirements demanded by today's industry.
Siemens India partners the Indian industry with products, systems, solutions and
services to help clients maintain efficiency and boost productivity of their plant over
its entire lifecycle.

Siemens Automation & Drives Division offers automation and drives, including
standard & customized motors, LV switchgear, systems for process & motion
control, industrial automation and low voltage distribution. Switchgear Siemens
switchgears conforming to IS 13947 are available, pre tested and co-ordinated for
long and reliable operations. Infact, the switchgear unit was the first in India to
receive ISO 9001 certification from RWTUV Germany in 1993.

Siemens Industrial Solutions & Service Division undertakes turnkey projects from
concept, trough engineering, procurement, supplies, installation, to commissioning
and after sales services. Siemens Building Technologies Pvt. Ltd. undertakes the
supply, installation, testing, engineering, commissioning and maintenance for
building automation, safety & control.

Some highlights:

• Siemens Automation & Drives Division's manufacturing operations are

amongst the top five Siemens facilities worldwide.

• India's first Highway Traffic Management System successfully commissioned

by Siemens Industrial Solutions & Services Division.

• Siemens Building Technologies Pvt. Ltd introduced the concept of Integrated

Building Management System in India.

• A Siemens -led consortium is building India's first private international airport

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 in Bangalore.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Efficient transportation is an essential part of a supportive infrastructure. Railways

have a special role to play in mass transpotation of passengers and goods.
Therefore, all existing networks must be utilized to the optimum efficiency. Safety,
reliability and economy must be interlocked. This can be achieved only if the
operations are centralized and made visually available. Siemens continues to
maintain their leading position in the safety system for the railways. Siemens has
provided electric railway signaling equipments that has increased speed and safety
of travel. In the centralized route rela y interlocking system, the operator sets a safe
train route, visually indicated on the control panel, which eliminate all conflicting
moves. Siemens Automatic Warning System (AWS) already in operation on the
Central and Western Railways ensures safety through immediate halting of a train
that crosses a red signal.

SAFETY SYSTEM

IN 1983, Siemens Transportation System supplied the first microcomputer

interlocking for an industrial railway. By mid 1992, about 60 interlocking comprising
of some 11,000 signals and switches had been linked into mass transit and main line
system, making the Siemens Transportation System the world leader in
microcomputer interlocking.

CONTROL SYSTEM

Back in 1975, Siemens began suppling computer-based remote control and

monitoring system for traction power supply. Today the funtionality of these control
systems has been expanded to include infrastructure facilities such as
Lighting,Public Address System, Ticket Vending Machines,Closed Circuit TV
Surveillance and Escalators.

TS IN INDIA

Siemens has constantly supported the indian railways. Siemens has played a
pioneering role in the introduction and installation of railway signaling system
including relay based interlocking, track circuit and motor operated point machines.
With access to the latest technology from Siemens AG, the division is all set to
undertake trunkey projects for urban transportation, mass rapid transport projects,
traction substations, overhead contenary and long distance transmission lines. The
product fortfolio includes:

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• Railway signaling and safety systems
• Traffic control and automation
• Railway electrification
• Traction equipment for locomotives and multiple unit system
• Mass transit vehicle and trunkey projects for urban mass transit.

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Need for MRTS

As cities grow in size, the number of vehicular trips on

road system goes up. This necessitates a
pragmatic policy shift to discourage private modes
and encourage public transport once the level of
traffic along any travel corridor in one direction
exceeds 20,000 persons per hour.

Introduction of a rail based (MRTS) Mass Rapid

Transit System is called for. Mass Rapid Transit
Systems are capital intensive and have long
gestation period. It has been observed that in developed countries, planning for
mass transit system starts when city population size exceeds 1 million; the system is
in position by the time the city population is 2 to 3 million and once the population
exceeds 4 million or so, planned extensions to the Mass Rapid Transit Systems is
vigorously taken up. In developing countries including India, because of paucity of
funds planning and implementation of rail based Mass Rapid Transit Systems has
been lagging far behind the requirements.

The city of Delhi with a population of round 12 (16.2) million should have had an
MRTS network of at least 100 (300) KM by this time, whereas actually it is still
(65.10 kms) at the take-off stage. Delhi has all the ideal dress-up for an excellent
Mass Rapid Transit System to be brought in. It has wide roads (roads cover 23% of
the city area) where road possession for construction is not difficult (except in the old
city area). Implementation will also not involve demolition of large scale private
properties. Most of the land required is under Government control and hence can be
easily acquired.

The citizens are enlightened and would eagerly

welcome introduction of people friendly MRTS though
they may initially face some difficulties during the
implementation phase. Added to this Delhi has an
unassailable advantage in its excellent railway
network comprising two rings and six spurs totaling
about 120 KM within the urban area.

Unfortunately, these Rail assets are not presently fully being utilized as its share of
commuter traffic is only a mere 2%.

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Delhi has experienced phenomenal growth in population in the last few decades. Its
population has increased from 57 lakhs in 1981 to 120 (162) lakhs in 1998 (2006)
and is poised to reach 132 (190) lakhs by the year 2001 (2011). For want of an
efficient mass transport system, the number of motor vehicles has increased from
5.4 lakhs in 1981 to 30 (51) lakhs in 1998 (2007) and is (increasing at the rate of
6.21 per annum). The number of motor vehicles in Delhi is now more than that of
Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai put together. The result is extreme congestion on Delhi
roads, ever slowing speeds, increase in road
accidents fuel wastage and environmental pollution
with motorized vehicles alone contributing to about
two thirds of the atmospheric pollution.

Today the traffic on roads of Delhi is a

heterogeneous mix of cycles scooters buses cars
and rickshaws jostling with each other. This has
resulted in a chaotic situation so much so that due
to road accidents, the average number of persons
killed per day has increased to 5 and of those injured to 13. The position is expected
to deteriorate further in the years to come.

To rectify this situation the Government of India and the Government of National
Capital Territory of Delhi, in equal partnership have set up a company named Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. under the Companies Act,1956 which has (already
commissioned a 65.10 kms route in Phase-I and is proceeding ahead with another
121 kms in Phase –II).

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24
 DMRC
STATION
OVERVIEW

25
 OVERVIEW OF A TYPICAL DMRC STATION
At DMRC, a station has been divided into various departments or systems for
effective functional and operational maintenance. The following flowchart shows a
functional classification of each station.

DMRC Station

E & M system

TVS ECS BMS Electrical Hydraulics

Abbreviations used:

DMRC: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation

E&M: Electrical and Mechanical

TVS: Tunnel Ventilation System

BMS: Building Management System

The electrical and mechanical system comprises of five sub-divisions. This
segregation has been done for achieving the ease of overall maintenance.

Tunnel Ventilation System (TVS) covers the tasks involved in tunnel ventilation.
This system can be operated in three modes:
1. Normal Mode
2. Congestion Mode
3. Emergency Mode

Environment Control System (ECS) looks into the air-conditioning of stations and
temperature maintenance.

Electrical System includes functioning and maintenance of escalators, lifts, etc.

Hydraulic System includes the maintenance of sewage and seepage pumps, water
tanks and water supplies at a station.

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Building Management System (BMS) is meant for monitoring and automatic
control of all these four systems. It is also included in the E&M System.

27
SIGNALING
IN DMRC

BY SIEMENS

28
OVERVIEW OF SIGNALLING
The Signaling system is the heart of the metro system, which makes sure that the
operational performance can meet the requirements of a profitable system within the
constraints of passenger safety.

The Siemens integrated signaling system solution of Mass Transit is a safe, reliable,
advanced Automatic Train Control System comprising the following subsystems:

Subsystem Task Siemens Solution

Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) VICOS (Vehicle and Infrastructure
Control and Operating System )

Interlocking SICAS ECC (Siemens Computer

Aided Signaling Element Control
Computer)
Automatic Train Protection (ATP) Covered by LZB 700 M
Track Vacancy Detection (TVD) FTG S
Signals K 400 type for long ranges
S 140 type for short ranges
Point machines BSG Antr. 9 in Depot area
S 700 K on Main Line

Overview of the subsystems

Signaling system world over are provided not only to make optimum use of
the existing line capacity, but also to provide safe train operation by reducing
human dependence.
The philosophies of modern railway signaling system are:
• Line capacity optimization.
• Efficient and safe train control.
• Real time train running information.
• Safety enhancement, it is the fundamental requirement that in the event of
any
equipment failure the safety of trains must be ensured - a fail safe concept
i.e.
The signals must go to RED and not green if any equipment fails.

The volume of traffic is increasing beyond control. More than ever, innovative

29
solutions are needed in order to ensure mobility tomorrow - a future that is simply
inconceivable without rail-based transportation.
Rail signaling and safety systems provide smooth operation of suburban and main-
line railways. They are complex facilities consisting of various subsystems and
devices, which must be properly matched. Each component, from interlocking to
point machine is basic to safe railway operations especially in view of the increasing
demands to be met by modern railway systems.

Various signaling systems used to ensure safety are:

Interlocking:

Interlocking is a mechanism to check the route the train is going to traverse before
clearing the signal and to prevent the clearing of signal when it is unsafe for the
movement. It eliminates human error and ensures safety in train operations. It also
controls points, to allow train to change the line. Track circuits, used to detect train
presence are also controlled by interlocking system.
Any system of interlocking can be divided into four types:
a) The outdoor equipments which are control or which monitor the state of the
Railway Track as:
• Signal Units - which show various position or colors indicating trains to move
ahead or stop moving.
• Point Machines- which sets routes moving portions of the Railway tracks
• Track Circuits - which monitor the occupation of Railway Track
• Point detectors - which detect the direction to which the track is set at
diverging points of the track.
b) The indoor arrangement, which maintains logic for safe operation of trains.
c) The medium connecting the indoor to the out door equipments
d) The interfacing arrangement at the indoor equipment and the outdoor equipment
end for matching the medium.

Concept of Signaling:
The signaling is basically based on the Track Vacancy Detection System. This
detection can be done by using FTG S track circuits

 Track vacancy detection using FTG S track circuits: In the FTG S, a

coded audio-frequency alternating current is fed in at the beginning of a track
section and received at the end of it. The axles of a vehicle entering such a
section cause a short circuit between the rails. This axle shunt reduces the
receiving voltage, which leads to the emission of a "track occupied" signal for
this section.

30
Additionally, continuous automatic train control systems (LZB 700) can use
the transmitting equipment of the FTG S for inductively transmitting data from
track to train.

31
OVERVIEW OF FTGS

The designation FTG S is a German abbreviation for: Remote-fed and Coded

Jointless Audio-Frequency track circuit from Siemens. FTGS track circuits are used
all over the world for safeguarding tracks of main line and urban railways.

Principles and Functions:

In the FTG S track vacancy detection system, the track is electrically divided into
sections. In the standard configuration (Figure 1), separation is accomplished by
means of S-shaped bonds, so-called S-bonds, for a purely electrical, non-
mechanical, separation of the track sections. Additionally, they allow for
compensation of traction current between the two running rails.
Other types of bonds, e.g. terminal bonds or modified shunt bonds are also possible.

Block Diagram
S -b o n d s
T ra c k

T r a c k s e c t io n

T r a n s m it t e r R e c e iv e r

FTG S "T ra c k c le a r"/

s t a n d a r d c o n f ig u r a t io n " tr a c k o c c u p ie d "
s ig n a l
I n d o o r in s t a l l a t i o n

S -b o n d s

T ra c k

T r a c k s e c t io n

1 2
T r a n s m it t e r R e c e iv e r
1 2

FTG S " T r a c k c le a r" /

" t r a c k o c c u p ie d "
p o in t s c o n f ig u r a t io n
s ig n a l
I n d o o r in s t a l l a t i o n

figure for FTG S standard and points configuration

32
Operation:

At the beginning of the track section, the transmitter feeds an audio-frequency

alternating current into the running rails; the receiver at the end of the section
evaluates the incoming current. Depending on the result of the evaluation, a "track
clear" or "track occupied" signal is emitted to the interlocking logic. The electronic
circuit boards of transmitter and receiver are not installed at the track but are
centrally housed in the signaling room, and can be situated up to 6.5 km from the
track section.
The length of the maximum cable connection depends on overall track and track
surrounding conditions.
The alternating current fed into the track circuit is frequency-modulated to safeguard
against electrical interference due to harmonics content in the traction return current.
For LZB telegram transmission, the system can switch over to PSK (phase shift
keying) modulation, thus ensuring a higher signal-to-noise ratio for telegram
transmission. In each track section, the fed-in alternating current has a specific
carrier frequency, called track circuit frequency, which differs from that of the
neighbouring section.
This track circuit frequency can be one of eight possible frequencies, i.e. 9.5 kHz,
10.5 kHz, 11.5 kHz, 12.5 kHz, 13.5 kHz, 14.5 kHz, 15.5 kHz and 16.5 kHz, so called
FTG S 917.
In addition the following frequencies are possible but not generally used, i.e.
4.75 kHz; 5.25 kHz; 5.75 kHz; 6.25 kHz, so called FTG S 46.
The track circuit frequencies are frequency-modulated by means of different bit
patterns, ensuring a clear assignment of transmitters to receivers. When operating
the system in the circuit condition "basic direction of travel", transmitting and
receiving cables are separate, thus excluding dangerous electrical interference due
to core contact.
The track vacancy detection procedure encompasses three steps:
• Amplitude assessment
• Frequency check
• Coding (modulation) check

• The receiving equipment only emits a "track clear" signal for the track section,
when the frequency is correct, the receiver assesses the amplitude of the
track voltage as sufficiently high, and the demodulator recognizes the
transmitted code as correct. If this is the case, the track relays signal "track
section clear".

• When a vehicle axle occupies the track section, the resulting short circuit
reduces the audio-frequency current in the tuning unit of the receiver to a
value the receiver no longer can respond to. Switching off the excitation of the
track relays emits the “track occupied” signal of the section.

33
 • Generally there are three types of track circuits, the standard type with one
transmitter and one receiver and the point’s type and the centre fed type with
one transmitter and two receivers. For track circuits without LZB interface also
so called crossing track circuit with one transmitter and 3 receivers are
possible.

FTGS principle of an S - bond

• The traction current passes both rails as well as the S-bonds between
positions A and B The central point of the connection X separates the S-bond
in two halves A-X and X-B. Each half of the S-bond together with the parallel
running rail creates an inductive resistance. By capacitors C1 and C2 parallel
resonance circuits are generated, e.g. f1 (9.5 kHz) and f3 (11.5 kHz). Directly
adjacent frequencies must differ by at least 2 kHz. The centre X is normally1
common connection for both resonant circuits (2 connections are also
possible). The connections and the necessary components in the track
connection box are identical whether it is used as transmitter or receiver.

• A train axle entering the S-bond, connects both rails with the low axle shunt
resistance of less than 0.5 Ohm thus short circuiting the resonance circuit and
bringing it out of tune thereby changing the inductivity of the S-bond. The
track circuit voltage drops and consequently the receiver drops. The message
“track circuit occupied” is initiated.

34
Automatic Train Protection
Overview:

The Automatic Train Control System LZB 700 M ensures the safe passage of trains
and optimized line operation as well as the signaling safety and high reliability at the
same time.
By means of the Audio Frequency Track Circuits (AFTC) data is transmitted
inductively to the train.
The automatic train protection ATP covers:
• Track vacancy detection
• Determining and supervising the speed
• Initiating the emergency brake
• Train spacing
• Door release

The centralized train control ATS takes on task for traffic control and supervision.
The ATS regulates the departure time and indicates it to the driver monitors the
operational processes and reacts on deviations from the timetable. The Automatic
Train Regulation (ATR) is part of ATS. The ATR provides the necessary driving time
settings for the train departure according to the timetable.

The LZB 700 M continuous automatic train control system generally covers the
train protection within the function of ATP supported by the interlocking (safety
level). The track vacancy detection system is used by the interlocking as well as the
automatic train control LZB 700 M continuously serves following tasks within the field
of ATP:

• Speed supervision
• Train spacing
• emergency braking
• supervision of the running direction including backward rolling
• door release to the required side at the stations

ATP system is based on fixed block ‘Distance-to-go’ continuous automatic

train control design using coded Audio Frequency Track Circuits. ATP system
provides for train detection, following train protection, interlocking logic, and on-
board safety functions such as detection of door opening and over-speed
enforcement etc. The design headway is 120 seconds for Line-1 and 90 seconds
for Line-2. ATP has external interfaces with ATS, onboard announcement
system and Train Information Management System (TIMS) of rolling stock etc.

35
Link of Wayside ATP computers is dual redundant together through optical fibres.
All stations with points & crossing are provided with Computer Based Interlocking
(CBI). Different CBIs on the line are connected together through optical fibres in
dual redundant ring configuration through fail-safe link. CBI to Wayside ATP link is
also dual redundant through optical fibres.
The signal and train control system uses electrically operated switches on
the main lines and stabling areas, cab signals, lineside signals at each station
with point and crossing and in the depot, etc as necessary for complete system
operation.
ATS system provides automatic routing setting, monitoring of train operations, and
automatic train regulation by optimization of such train operating parameters as
dwell time at stations and coasting strategies etc. ATS has external
interfaces with ATP, Public Address System/ Passenger Information Display
System, SCADA, Radio, and Master Clock etc.

Signalling & Train Control System of Delhi MRTS

Signalling & Train Control includes works in the stations, wayside, Operations
Control Centre (OCC) and on-board rolling stock for Automatic Train
Protection (ATP) and Automatic Train Supervision (ATS).

ATP system is based on fixed block ‘Distance-to-go’ continuous automatic

train control design using coded Audio Frequency Track Circuits. ATP system
provides for train detection, following train protection, interlocking logic, and on-
board safety functions such as detection of door opening and over-speed
enforcement etc. The design headway is 120 seconds. ATP has external
interfaces with ATS, onboard announcement system and Train Information
Management System (TIMS) of rolling stock etc. Link of Wayside ATP computers is
dual redundant together through optical fibres.
All stations with points & crossing are provided with Computer Based Interlocking
(CBI). Different CBIs on the line are connected together through optical fibres in
dual redundant ring configuration through fail-safe link. CBI to Wayside ATP link is
also dual redundant through optical fibres.
The signal and train control system uses electrically operated switches on
the main lines and stabling areas, cab signals, lineside signals at each station
with point and crossing and in the depot, etc as necessary for complete system
operation.
ATS system provides automatic routing setting, monitoring of train operations, and
automatic train regulation by optimization of such train operating parameters as
dwell time at stations and coasting strategies etc. ATS has external

36
interfaces with ATP, Public Address System/ Passenger Information Display
System, SCADA, Radio, and Master Clock etc.

emergency doors
service brake brake
driver

on-board

contact
design data LZB 700 M inputs

mainte-
nance
track staff
vacancy
detection
interlocking ATS

Interaction of the LZB 700 M Automatic Train Protection System with others

37
Automatic Train Supervision
Overview:

The Automatic Train Supervision is a hierarchically structured network system with a

distributed product architecture (from both a hardware and software perspective),
which provides overview control and supervision.

The platform for the Automatic Train Supervision is the Vehicle and Infrastructure
Control and Operating System VICOS, which is a mature Siemens product. VICOS
provides a fully open architecture conforming to industry standards. Furthermore,
VICOS allows both, hardware independence and full software portability and
scalability.

The ATS System covers the following functions:

• Train Movement Monitoring and tracking

• Automatic Train Regulation
• Route Setting
• Timetable Management
• Timetable Comparison
• Determination of Mileage
• Interlocking Control
• Delay Statistics

The system is divided in an Operation Control Center (OCC) and a Local Station
Control (LSC).

The OCC and LSC will receive inputs related to the train movements / locations via
the SICAS ECC interlocking, which has connections to the elements. Train data are
transmitted via Train Radio system to the OCC and LSC as well. These inputs will
be suitably displayed on the VICOS system, located in the OCC, LSC and Depot.

38
 Master Clock System for Delhi Mass Rapid Transit
System
Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System is equipped with the Master Clock System to
provide:
- reference time for passengers and operation/maintenance
personnel in public and non-public area; and
- time signal for Systems/Sub-systems requiring time
synchronisation i.e. Power SCADA, SDH, Telephone, PAS/PIDS,
CCTV and NP-SCADA.
The Master Clock System comprises three major components as follows.
a) Master Clock Unit including interface modules is installed at
Shastri Park OCC.
b) Sub-master Clock Units installed at every station and the Depot.
c) Digital and Analogue Slave Clocks

1. Time Signal Distribution to Sub-master Clocks

The Master Clock Unit is connected to the Sub-master Clocks at Stations and Depot
via four RS422 channels through SDH system.
The Master Clock Unit is equipped with four of U 6.3.0 Communication and Alarm
Modules Serial (CAS). Each CAS module can be connected up to 16 Sub-master
Clocks. The Master Clock is therefore can connect to 64 Sub-master Clocks.

2. Sub-master Clock Unit

Sub-master Clock Unit is installed in the Data Network Equipment Cabinet at the
Station/Depot. It is a combination of two redundant Euro Time Centre (ETC) ETC-
24R Sub-master Clock units and a ETC Changeover Unit ECO.
RS422 COM port 1 of each ETC24R is connected to SDH node so that the ETC24R
receives time synchronisation message from a different CAS module at the OCC via
SDH network.
Sub-master Clock Unit provides two clock signal outputs through a one-way two-wire
transmission system called MOBALINE.
Both MOBALine outputs of the Sub-master Clock are connected to an Intermediate
Termination Box installed in the same Data Network Equipment Cabinet. The
Intermediate Termination Box is equipped with two surge protection devices (SPD)
model PC51/D from MTL Surge Technology. All clock signal cables from the slave
clock circuits are terminated at this box.

39
3. Analogue Clock

METROLINE ML 1216 (SAM) of METROLINE Series from MOBATIME is selected

for using as an analogue clock . Analogue clocks are powered by the ETC Sub-
master Clock and 230VAC supply.
In case of 230VAC supply failure, the analogue clock runs infinitely, powered by
MOBALine.
In case of missing MOBALine signal from the ETC Sub-master Clocks, the analogue
clocks runs in free running mode, powered by 230 VAC mains for 24 hours. After 24
hours of free running mode the hands will be set to 12.00 o’clock to signalise the
fault (missing synchronisation).
The Analogue clock installed at the centre of each platform is provided with a
Common Termination Box equipped with surge Protection Devices (SPD) for both
power supply input and data line input to protect the clock against over voltage
induced in power and clock data cables.

4. Digital Outdoor Clock

Digital Outdoor Clock model [Link] from MOBATIME is selected for using
as digital outdoor clock in MRTS Line III.
In case of Mobaline failure, digital indoor clock runs infinitely on internal quartz basis.
As soon as MOBALine signal recovers, the digital slave clock will synchronise to
correct time automatically.
In case of 230 VAC failure, clock display is blank. However, the digital indoor clock
keeps correct system by means of internal battery backup.
The Digital Outdoor clock installed at each end of the platform are provided with a
Common Termination Box equipped with surge Protection Devices (SPD) for both
power supply input and data line input to protect the clock against over voltage
induced in power and clock data cables.

5. Digital Indoor Clock

Digital indoor clock model DC.57.4.R.N.N from MOBATIME is selected for using as
digital indoor clock for Line-III Extension.
In case of Mobaline failure, digital indoor clock runs infinitely on internal quartz basis.
As soon as MOBALine signal recovers, the digital slave clock will synchronise to
correct time automatically.
In case of 230 VAC failure, clock display is blank. However, the digital indoor clock
keeps correct system by means of internal battery backup.

40
Testing of Cables
The testing of signalling cables used in Metro was done using a meggar. Testing
was done at 1100 V AC by stepping it up from 9 V DC.

Megger

An original "Insulation Tester" dating from World War II

Megger has become the generic description for a high voltage, low current
insulation tester. The word is short for megohm-meter.
The original Meggers were manufactured by Evershed & Vignoles Ltd., Acton Lane
Works, Chiswick since 1889. They were taken over by AVO Ltd. in 1895. The word
is now the registered trade mark of Megger Group Ltd.
Older types have a small built-in generator. The generator is hand-driven, through
gearing and a centrifugally controlled clutch slips at a predetermined speed so that a
steady test voltage is obtained.
Modern types work with batteries and circuitry to generate the voltage required.
Both types can output test voltages of 100, 250, 500, 1,000 or 2,500 VDC, depending
on model.
Although any Ohmmeter or Multimeter may appear capable of similar
measurements, only a Megger type instrument can test the quality of the insulation
at or above its operating voltage.
Choice of test voltage is normally determined by the operating voltage of the circuit
under test; usually twice the operating voltage is sufficient.
Two basic insulation tests are possible: Insulation to ground and insulation between
conductors.

41
Uninterruptible power supply

An uninterruptible power supply (UPS), also known as a continuous power

supply (CPS) or a battery backup is a device which maintains a continuous supply
of electric power to connected equipment by supplying power from a separate
source when utility power is not available. It differs from an auxiliary power supply or
standby generator, which does not provide instant protection from a momentary
power interruption. Integrated systems that have UPS and standby generator
components are often referred to as emergency power systems.

There are three distinct types of UPS: off-line, line-interactive and double conversion
(also called on-line). An off-line UPS remains idle until a power failure occurs, and
then switches from utility power to its own power source, almost instantaneously. An
on-line UPS continuously powers the protected load from its energy reserves stored
in a lead-acid battery or flywheel, while simultaneously replenishing the reserves
from the AC power. It also provides protection against all common power problems,
and for this reason it is also known as a power conditioner and a line conditioner.

While not limited to safeguarding any particular type of equipment, a UPS is typically
used to protect computers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical
equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities,
serious business disruption or data loss. UPS units come in sizes ranging from units
which will back up a single computer without monitor (around 200 VA) to units which
will power entire data centers or buildings (several megawatts).

Historically, UPSs were expensive and were most likely to be used on expensive
computer systems and in areas where the power supply is interrupted frequently. As
prices have fallen, UPS units have become an essential piece of equipment for data
centers and business computers, and are also used for personal computers,
entertainment systems and more.

42
Logical Diagram of a UPS

43
POWER FOR ELECTRIC TRAINS FOR DELHI MRTS
Electric Trains are envisaged to run on the underground corridor from Vishwa
Vidyalaya to Central Secretariat and on the surface corridor from Barwala to Nangloi
under Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System Project
Phase - I. Power supply system for Delhi MRTS is
being designed with adequate redundancy to
ensure continuous and reliable power for running
electric trains in the underground Metro Corridor
and on the Surface Corridor. Total Power required
for running trains with modern coaches on both
the corridors is estimated to be 75 MW by the year
2005. This power will be used for running trains
including auxiliary loads such as lifts, escalators,
lighting, ventilation and air conditioning etc. In
addition 45 MW power would be required to meet
the loads for new commercial complexes planned to be built over and around MRTS
stations. The power (75 MW) required to operate the trains in the MRTS corridors
constitutes about 3% of the total peak hours requirement presently estimated to be
2600 MW for Delhi Area.

Presently DVB, Badarpur Thermal Power Station and Northern Region Electricity
Board meet power requirement in Delhi through 3 sources namely internal power
generation. Keeping in view the shortages of power in Delhi and to ensure
continuous availability of quality power for running trains on the MRTS Corridors,
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd, have made arrangements to get 120 MW power
from NTPC Thermal Power Station at Oriya stage II by wheeling power through
extra high transmission (400kv / 220kv / 66kv) network in Delhi Area. In the event of
failure of Northern Grid, power supply to Delhi MRTS stations of Underground Metro
Corridor will continue to be fed from the Inder Prastha (IP) Gas Turbine Power
Station.

Power for the underground Metro Corridor will be received at 3 receiving stations of
MRTS namely ISBT, New Delhi and Patel Chowk. Power at ISBT and New Delhi
receiving stations of MRTS will be fed from IP Extension Network at 66 kv through
duplicate cable feeders, which in turn is also connected, to the Gas Turbine Power
Station of Delhi Vidyut Board. Similarly power at third receiving station namely Patel
Chowk will be received at 66 kv through duplicate cable feeders from Park Street
Sub station, which in turn is connected to IP Extension. To ensure the highest
degree of reliability and all time power availability for the underground Metro
Corridor, 3 MRTS Power receiving stations are inter-connected for transfer of power
from one to another through Fire Retardant Low Smoke (FRLS) cable feeders.
These receiving stations will be remote controlled from Centralized Operation
Control Centre through Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition System (SCADA).

44
In the unlikely event of total power failure due to simultaneous collapse of Northern
Grid and IP Gas Turbine Power Station, emergency lighting in the tunnel and at the
MRTS stations will be automatically switched on and fed the stand by Generator
Sets. In addition, all the trains will also have modern Ni-Cd Batteries to continue to
provide lighting and air conditioning even when the train is stopped in event of
complete power failure. The ventilation and air conditioning arrangements in the
tunnel and the underground stations are being so designed that emergency
ventilation arrangements for the stations and tunnel will continue to be maintained
from the standby Generator Sets in such exigencies.

For Rail Corridor it has been planned to avail power from NTPC Thermal Power
Station at three MRTS receiving stations through 400 kV, 220 kV & 66 kV Extra High
Voltage Transmission Network. In the event of failure of one source, power can be
fed at 25 KV side throughout the section from the other two sources. However, in the
event of complete collapse of NREB grid, arrangements are being planned to
transfer power from ISBT receiving sub-station of Metro Corridor to Rail Corridor.
Arrangements have been planned to supply power for lifts, escalators and station
lighting from the stand by Generator Set provided at each station in the event of
complete grid failure. Similarly, the coaches will be equipped with modern Ni-cd
batteries to provide lighting and air conditioning when trains come to a halt due to
any reason.

To ensure continuous availability of quality power for running MRTS trains, utmost
efforts are being made to plan and design the power supply system with degree of
reliability as prevalent in the other world Metros.

45
MERTO MAP PHASE 2

46
METRO MAP OVERVIEW

47
 CONCLUSION

• Provision of modern signaling systems as well as introduction of new

technology has played a very vital role in enhancing safety levels in train
working With more and more modern signaling works getting sanctioned &
completed and various safety systems under development and on trial,
signaling is going to provide the most viable solution for the optimal utilization
of railway assets and improving efficiency in trains operation with a high level
of safety.

• One thing is certain: The Metro trains are playing a more and more important
role in the transport of people and goods .In terms of safety, efficiency and
environmental compatibility, they are a decisive step ahead of personal
private transport. Intelligent Signaling and control systems from Siemens
ensure the smooth coordination and operation of complex transportation
systems Regional and mass transit system, Indian Railways, metros and light
rail transport also depend on high tech equipment to make operations safer
and to achieve even better utilization of lines. Experience has shown that as
the volume of traffic increases, so too do the demands placed on the train
services.

• And, consequently, even higher traveling speeds impose even higher

requirement on the transportation systems. Therefore, it is necessary to bring
the rail signaling and safety systems regularly up to date and to
supplement them with the latest technical developments.

48
 References

DOCUMENTS:

 Signaling manual by SIEMENS

WEBSITES:

 [Link]

 [Link]

 [Link]

 [Link]

49
50