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Lignophytes: Evolution of Woody Plants

The document discusses woody plants known as lignophytes. It describes how lignophytes have a vascular cambium that produces wood through secondary growth after primary growth ends. The vascular cambium is a sheath of cells between the xylem and phloem that divides tangentially, producing secondary xylem inside and secondary phloem outside in a bifacial growth pattern, with more xylem produced than phloem. A secondary cambium independently evolved in some fossil lycophytes and equisetophytes but only produced secondary xylem.

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69 views1 page

Lignophytes: Evolution of Woody Plants

The document discusses woody plants known as lignophytes. It describes how lignophytes have a vascular cambium that produces wood through secondary growth after primary growth ends. The vascular cambium is a sheath of cells between the xylem and phloem that divides tangentially, producing secondary xylem inside and secondary phloem outside in a bifacial growth pattern, with more xylem produced than phloem. A secondary cambium independently evolved in some fossil lycophytes and equisetophytes but only produced secondary xylem.

Uploaded by

Ivy Cruz
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Chapter 5

Evolution and Diversity of Woody and Seed Plants

LIGNOPHYTES WOODY PLANTS

- monophyletic lineage of euphyllous vascular plants that


share the derived features of a vascular cambium which
give rise to wood, and a cork cambium which give rise to
cork
- Growth of the vascular and cork cambia is called
secondary growth because it initiates after the vertical
extension of stems and roots due to cell expansion
(primary growth)
Vascular cambium sheath or hollow cylinder of cells that
develops within the stems and roots as continuous layer,
between the xylem and phloem in extant, eustelic
spermatophytes.
- The cells of the vascular cambium divide mostly
tangentially (parallel to a tangential plane), resulting
initially in two concentric layers of cells. One of these
layers remains as the vascular cambium and continues to
divide indefinitely; the other layer eventually differentiates
into either secondary xylem = wood, if produced inside of
the cambium, or secondary phloem if produced to the
outside.
Bifacial growth type of growth wherein layers of cells
are produced both to the inside and outside of a
continuously generated cambium
- much more secondary xylem is produced than the
secondary phloem
- note that a secondary cambium independently evolved in
fossil lineages within lycophytes and equisetophytes but
this cambium was unificial (producing secondary xylem to
the inside but no secondary phloem)

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