CESTODES

 Cestodes- parasite tapeworms, usually intestinal dwellers, uniquely ribbon Order Pseudophyidea Order Cyclophyllidea
like Scolex Unarmed, with two Armed or unarmed,
 Three regions: body (strobila), neck- for mitosis, head (scolex) bothria, no rostellum, with four suckers, with
 They all require intermediate host no suckers or without rostellum
 Taenia solium and T. saginata are long lived Gravid Proglottids Wider than long Longer than wide
 Cellulose perianal swab- very useful technique in the isolation of Taenid Central uterine pore Lateral uterine pore
eggs Central genital pore No genital pore
 Adult worm contains both the male and the female reproductive organs Intermediate hosts Two: copepods and Hogs, cattle, various
freshwater fishes vertebrates

Species Risk Factors Morphology Symptomatology Diagnostic Treatment Comments

Tests
1. Diphyllobothrium Those who Two sucking groves or bothria, Pernicious anemia FECT Praziquantel, Can be found in
latum, broad or fish consume raw or wider than long, central since worms Niclosamide caviar (raw eggs
tapeworm, causes imperfectly genital and uterine pore, competes for of sturgeon fish),
Diphyllobothriasis, cooked fish operculated eggs vitamin B12 longest parasite
mostly in Europe

2. Dipylidium caninum, Those with close Scolex armed, non-retractable Similar with FECT Similar with None
dog tapeworm contact with rostellum, four suckers. Gravid hymenolepidae hymenolepidae
canines and proglottid contains egg
felines capsules or packets, longer
especially small than wide
children
3. Hymenolepis nana, Young children Scolex armed, non-retractable Asymptomatic, lack FECT Praziquantel With indirect and
dwarf tapeworm, rostellum, four suckers. Gravid of appetite, direct life cycle-
Vampirolepis-old genus proglottid, wider than long. abdominal pain, adult worms
name Eggs- spherical with two anorexia, vomiting discharge eggs
layers. Embryophore contains and dizziness. Heavy into the lumen of
bipolar filaments. Oncosphere- infections can cause the intestine that
with six lancet shaped enteritis causes internal
hooklets. multiplication
4. Hymenolepis diminuta, Young children Unarmed scolex, retractable Similar with H. nana FECT Similar with H. Indirect lifecycle
rat tapeworm rostellum, four suckers. nana
Strobila is longer than H. nana.
Eggs-without polar filaments.
5. Echinococcus Sheep and Piriform scolex armed, non- Anaphylactic ELISA, IHA, Albendazole Shortest cestode,
granulosus, Hydatid cattle raising retractable rostellum, four reaction- extreme IFAT, latex followed by Hydatid cyst has
worm, causes unilocular communities suckers. Neck is short. Body: 1 allergic reaction agglutination surgery an external
echinococcosis (Hydatid immature, 1 mature and 1 test, immuno- laminated layer,
disease), with a gravid proglottid electrophoresis contains
cosmopolitan (IEP), MRI, CT daughter cysts,
distribution scan, that contains
ultrasound brood capsules
with many
protoscolices
(give rise to a
daughter cyst in
IH and adult
worm in DH)
Hydatid sand-
protoscolices
with brood
capsule
6. Taenia solium, pork Those who Scolex armed, rostellum with Taeniasis: Taeniasis: FECT Praziquantel Identification of
tapeworm, causes prefer raw or hooklets, four suckers. Hunger pangs, Cysticercosis: species is
solium taeniasis and improperly Proglottid 8-12 uterine Flatulence, Serology impossible using
cysticercosis cooked pork, for branches, lateral genital pore, Abdominal pain, (ELISA, EITB), eggs, so they are
cysticercosis- no uterine pore. Eggs- Appendicitis imaging called taenid
those with poor spherical, with peripheral Cysticercosis: techniques eggs. Numerous
sanitary striations Intracranial (MRI, CT-Scan, proglottids if
practices hypertension, X-ray) expelled in T.
myalgia solium.
7. Taenia saginata, beef Those who Scolex armed, with four Similar with Similar with Similar with Single proglottid
tapeworm, causes consume raw, suckers. Gravid proglottids has taeniasis solium taeniasis taeniasis solium if expelled in T.
taeniasis saginata semi-rare or 13 or more uterine branches solium saginata.
improperly
cooked beef

JUTIZ, FRANCE LOUIE R.