WILSON/TOBAR DOCTRINE
Precludes recognition of government established by revolution, civil war, coup d’etat or other forms of
internal violence until freely elected representatives of the people have organized a constitutional
government (US President Woodrow Wilson and Ecuadorian FM) [2004 Bar]
STIMSON DOCTRINE
Precludes recognition of any government established as a result of external aggression (US Sec. Of
State Henry Stimson)
ESTRADA DOCTRINE
Dealing or not dealing with the government established through a political upheaval is not a judgment
on the legitimacy of the said government (Mexican Minister Genaro Estrada) [2004 Bar]