GE Oil & Gas

Measurment Solutions
GE Measurement & Sensing USM Product
Portfolio
Flowmeters

Liquid Gas / Steam

Wetted Clamp-on Portable Wetted Clamp-on Portable

Process High
CT Water cut Steam Flare
Gas Pressure
Ultrasonic Flow Measurement Technology

• Transit Time
• Delta T ~ Velocity
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• Zero Pressure Drop

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Ultrasonic Solution Features & Benefits

• Features • Benefits
• No obstruction to the flow
• No need to purge lines
• Nothing to wear and tear
• No maintenance required
• No pressure drop
• Increased efficiency
• Accurate (±0.5% to 1% of the mv)
and drift free • No recalibration needed
• Diagnostics and Errors flagged
xxxxxx
• Low cost of ownership • Reliability
• SIL certified meters by design with • Low OPEX
redudant sensors and electronics • Safety and reliability
Multivariable Vortex Flow

PanaFlow MV80
• In-line series • Wide flow range in gas and steam
• Multivariable vortex technology • Low operational costs
• Mass flow with Temp and Pressure • Little to no maintenance
built in • Good alternative to DP
• Targeted for steam and gas • Only loop powered mass vortex
• Small pipes
PanaFlow MV82

• Insertion style • Wide flow range

• Hot tap and cold tap • Lower cost for large pipes
• Target to larger pipes
• Lower accuracy to inline
• Same applications as inline

GE Difference:
• Offers both inline and insertion styles
• Only loop powered mass flow vortex
• Complimentary portfolio with USM on steam
Vortex Flow Meters

• Vortex – eddy of fluid

f  pulses/sec
 Frequency (f ):
 Frequency of vortices generated in a
vortex meter, Hz
 Wavelength
 Distance between vortices = constant

Velocity sensor

Vortex shedder bar Vortices

Flow

Constant
wave length
Vortex Flow Meters
Which one to use?
MV80 MV82
Accuracy Vol(Liquid): 0.7% - Mass:(Liquid): 1.0% Vol(Liquid): 1.2% - Mass:(Liquid): 1.5%
Vol(Gas): 1.0% - Mass:(Gas): 1.5% Vol(Gas): 1.5% - Mass:(Gas): 2.0%
Line Sizes ½” to 8” 2” to 72”
Installation • Permanent • Permanent or Retractable
• Cold tap only • Cold or hot tap
• Inline • Insertion
– Flanged or Wafer – Compression or Packing Gland
– Piping/flowcell type install – Requires nozzle (weldolet and WN
flange
– Valve required with packing gland
(retractable) system
• One meter for any size!
Vortex Flow Meters
Volumetric Meter Temperature and Pressure Compensation :
Inexpensive option More than just a multi-variable
Liquid applications
Multiparameter Meter Ability to dynamically calculate
Multiple outputs density and to adjust for low Re
3 analog, 3 alarm, 1 pulse and numbers below 10,000 –
HART remember the curve
Options– Modbus, EMS ( Energy) Ability to measure mass flow with a
Optional – loop powered – two wire single penetration
VT – used for liquids and Saturated Multiple outputs from a single
Steam penetration
VTP - used on gas and steam
Energy option
Input options – temperature, pressure,
alarm, etc.
Temperatures up to 750 deg F (400 deg C)
Custody Transfer

Sentinel LNG, LCT & LCT4

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 Ultrasonic High Accuracy Meters
• Normal liquid applications • OIML certified
• Crude • 0.15% uncertainty
Sentinel LCT/LCT4 • Refined petroleum • Viscosity independent
• Water • Detailed diagnostics
• Custody transfer • No pressure drop
• Leak detection • Temperature compensated
• Allocation • Wide measurement range
• Critical process • Excellent low end resolution
Sentinel LNG

• Cryogenic applications • OIML tested

• Liquefied natural gas • 0.25% uncertainty
• Liquefied petroleum • Measures down to -190ºC
gas • Proven BWT technology
• Custody transfer • No pressure drop
• Allocation
Sentinel LCT4
 Field Applications
8" Sentinel LCT4 for oil metering on a metering skid using a ball prover
Global Installed Base
Clamp-ON

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Liquid Flow Meters Liquid Electronics

PT878
Portable liquid flowmeter
General purpose locations
Full function keypad
Rugged compact design
4-20 and Frequency outputs
Clamp-on technology
Target markets:
All flow areas
Inline meter verification
Facility auditing
 AT600
AT600 Summary
A liquid US clamp on meter

© AT600 Electronics
© Transducer cable
© Transducers
© Mounting Fixture
 AT600

AT600 Electronics

• Easy wiring with clean internal design

• SMB connector of transducer wiring
• 4-20 mA with two discrete outputs
• Modbus/RS485 and HART optional
• Vitality software capable
• 85 to 265 VAC or 12 to 28 VDC
 AT600 New Transducers and Fixture

On the pipe in minutes

• Quick-tighten stainless strapping • Simple adjustment and alignment
• Pre-installed transducers • Anodized aluminum
• Easy-to-read spacing markings • Lightweight
 CTF878 – clamp on gas measurement

Clamp-on flowmeter for gases : air hidrocarbons, natural gas with minimum density 1.2kg/m3

-Minimum pressure 0.7 barg

-Pipe Sizes 6” to 30”
-Wall thickness up to Sch 80
-Velocity Accuracy: 2% of reading
 Clamp On Gas on gas drilling well’s

Natural Gas storage Okoli , Croatia

Clamp On Gas

Natural gas processing plant

Clamp-On Flow on 4” CS line
at 90 bar
 Clamp On Gas
Underground Storage

GC868 Clamp-On Gas

10” Duplex
200bar

Natural Gas
 Experience with Natural Gas

NG wells: GC868 + CRV 310 on 3" 6.2mm, 80 bar

Pre tested using PT878GC
 Clamp On Gas

Gas Transmission Pipeline

GC868 Clamp-On Gas

DN 800, 1200 and
1400mm
CS
78bar

Natural Gas
 Clamp On Gas

Natural Gas Treatment Plant

CTF878 Clamp-On fuel gas

10 ft/s velocity
6 in, sch 40 CS pipe
High Temperature Flow
Measurement

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PanaFlow HT The background

1997/1998: Shell NL Pernis

Per+ project (heavy resid)
T°: 150°C to 385°C
Pressure: up to 78 Bar

2001: Houston, TX Sweeny

Delayed Coker furnace feed
with redundant
measurements
PanaFlow HT Wave Guide
•Bundle Waveguide TechnologyTM (BWT)
Piezoelement Piezoelement

Solid Bundled
Buffer Waveguide

Piezoelement
Temp = -200 to Temp = -200 to Temp = -200 to
600C 600C 600C
Traditional – No Buffer Traditional – Solid Bundled Waveguide
Buffer
• Advantages of buffers
- Transducers are outside of the extreme
temperatures
- Avoids thermal shock with risk of cracking crystal
- Transducers can be replaced under operations
PanaFlow HT: The Outcome SIL for Safety First
Advantages of PanaFlow HT SIL2 or SIL3

A SIL rated meter….

SIL PFD RRF Process Control Safety Instrumented
System System (or ESD)
SIL 4 10-5 to 10-4 10000 to 100000
SIL 3 10-4 to 10-3 1000 to 10000
SIL 2 10-3 to 10-2 100 to 1000
SIL 1 10-2 to 10-1 10 to 100

…. For a Safety Instrument Function (SIF) for a SIS

Sensor System Controller Actuator System

VDU and DCU Feed Applications

VDU typical applications

Vacuum distillation
• 4” 300# RF SCH 120
• Flow: 0 –140 m3/h DCU typical applications
• Pressure: 17-20 barg Crude distillation
• Temp: 345°C-380°C • 3” 600# RF SCH XXS
• Flow: 0 –70 m3/h
• Pressure: 30-50 barg
• Temp: 325°C-360°C
Flare Gas measurement

34
 Why Measure Flare Gas Flow?
STEAM CONTROL
ENVIRONMENTAL
–Steam Injection
>Mandatory Reporting
•Complete burning
>Avoidance of Penalties •Smokeless operation
– NSPS, EPA, MACT, EU ETS, TCEQ, –Steam Consumption
SCAQMD, Kyoto, BOEMRE, More… •Expensive
•Flow rate controlled
•Molecular weight
–proportion steam

RECOVERY COMPRESSION
ACCOUNTABILITY Waste Gas
•Flare Gas as fuel Furnace
>Flare Base Load
Process Unit
–Typically unknown
>Mass Balance
–Complete balance
LEAK DETECTION
–Drive flaring
reduction –Molecular Weight
CRUDE
FLARE 1 2
•Identification of source
–Leaky Valves
PRODUCT A PRODUCT B PRODUCT C • Potentially 1000’s in 3 4

plant
 Flare Gas: Why Measure Ultrasonically?
Conventional technologies all have problems with one or more of
these characteristics of flare gas operation, resulting in inaccuracy,
poor reliability and high cost of ownership.
•FLARE GAS ULTRASONIC METER CAPABILITIES
 Variable Flow Rates
 Low flow = normal flare  The required turn-down ratio and low-end
 Moderate flow = inadvertent flare sensitivity exceeds conventional flow
 High flow = emergency flare measurement technologies
 Variable Composition
 Range of hydrocarbons  Very wide range of flow rates
 H2 to C6 + (typical)  Volume flow independent of composition
 Corrosive Environment
 H2S, HF etc.  Materials Compatibility (Ti, Monel,
 Liquid dropout Hastelloy)
 Low Pressure
 No pressure drop
 Atmospheric (slightly negative to
slightly positive)  No maintenance
 Wide Temperature Range
 From –190C to 280C overall  Wide process temperature range
 On-site verification
GE Measurement Flow Solutions in
& Control Power Generation
Applications
Typical Applications for ANY PLANT

Balance of Plant (BoP)

Water, steam (and fuel)

for balance of plant
operations are
continually being heated,
cooled or condensed.
These processes require
flow to be monitored

Compressed Air Cooling Water Stack Gas

Compressed air is used Outside the close loop Flow gas in the stack
for cooling components, of the plant there's a is monitored for
actuating valves, constant water feed tracking emissions to
purging enclosures and to ensure cooling comply with
pressure testing. efficiency. Flow environmental
Air flow can be needs to be requirements among
monitored for process measured. other things
control
 Key Applications in Power Plants

Each and every application where our technologies can

provide benefits:

> Low cost of ownership vs. traditional technologies (orifice plates)

> High rangeability (typica l ly 150:1 and even larger for stacks)

> No or minimal pressure drop

> Drift free

> Ability to cope with the harshest conditions

Balance of Plant - BoP

Monitor all the flow medium of the power

production cycle to
calculate the plant efficiency and its
performances relative to
energy production
 Example #1: Coal Fired Boilers

Turbine / BOP
Boiler Compressed Air Emissions
Water, demineralized
water, condensate and Air flow Stack Gas flow for
Flow of boiler feed water
steam flow monitoring US clamp on and emissions
US wetted vortex monitoring systems
US wetted and clamp
on (cooling water) and
Vortex
Proposed Solution using BWT for Steam Metering

When the following points can become a challenge for

traditional meters, Ultrasonics technology is the perfect fit
• No obstruction or pressure drop for better efficiency
• No calibration or maintenance required for maintenance cost
reduction
• High Turn-down ratio for changing flowing conditions
• Transducers are removable under flowing conditions for safety
operations
• Work for saturated and superheated steam
Example #2 : Combined Cycle Flow Measurements
 Example #3: Hydro Electric Power Plant
Typical Set Up
• Measuring water flow up to 18' («5,5m) diameter penstock!!
• Typical Flow rates of about 4m/s but we tested in France up
to 24m/s!!

Measure flow to validate turbine efficiency

Flow was not previously measured Panametrics
ultrasonic
flowmeter with
clamp on
transducers
Multiphase Meters at
Well Heads

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Ultrasonic multiphase flowmeter
OUR FOCUS: Oil production

© 2014 General Electric Company 47

It’s time for a solution to measure oil flow
and water cut for new and mature
topside oil field production.

© 2014 General Electric Company 48

Safire* 2.0
The vision: increasing oil production for industry
TODAY TOMORROW

Periodic data collection process Real-time data collection

process with M&C sensors

MONTHLY HOURLY
MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT

Oil | Water | Gas Oil | Water | Gas

Potential 3%+ production

More frequent reliable data Better decisions
improvement

© 2014 General Electric Company 50

Production Optimization Vision

Integrated Smart & Big data

sensing & automated analytics &
automation workflows optimization

Pump off Safire*

controller Meter

Zenith

Empowered decision making

Maximize existing hardware Analyze & optimize data to
with scaled automated
& capabilities increase production efficiency
expertise

© 2014 General Electric Company 51

The topside Safire* meter today

2-PHASE TARGET COST- RELIABLE & REAL-TIME NON-

(OIL/WATER) LOWER- EFFECTIVE REPEATABLE MEASUREMEN INTRUSIVE
YIELDING TS
WELLS

FEATURES BENEFITS
• Compact economical design
The Safire* meter helps operators to make
• Water (WLR) and oil (OLR) better decisions to reach their goals of:
measurement
• Optimizing oil production and recovery
• Non-intrusive flow measurement
• Reducing the cost and complexity of
• Real-time measurement traditional gauging facilities, and

• Available in 2- and 3-inch versions • Decreasing safety risks

• Dual-channel redundancy

© 2014 General Electric Company 52

Empowering Customers
The Safire* meter helps operators to make better decisions to reach their goals of:

Optimizing oil production Reducing costs & Decreasing safety risks

complexity
...by...
• Enabling accelerated oil • Eliminating the need to • Reducing the amount and
production install traditional size of equipment in the field
- Well level optimization measurement systems to maintain
- Identify underperforming (test separators, AWTs) • Minimizing the occurrence of
wells field fabrication
• Removing the need to
• Enabling increased • Reducing man-hours in the
maintain traditional
reservoir recovery field
measurement system
- Understand well-to- well
interaction (valves, manifolds)
- Optimize injection points • Decreasing the need for
and locations well testing services
- Enhance reservoir &
drilling models

© 2014 General Electric Company 53

 Safire Components

Meter
Electronics
Shroud,
Spool, &
Transducers

• Orientation must be vertical with flow going up

• Shroud (and underlying transducers) must be
oriented perpendicular to the blind-T plane
• Requires a wetted RTD
Safire groups at
© 2014 General Electric Company gauge station 55
Performance
Key Specifications
• Crude oil <20% Gas Volume Fraction
Fluid Type • 0-100% Water cut (WLR)

• Water rate (absolute): 1-4%

Accuracy • Oil rate (relative): 5-15%
• Liquid rate (relative): 1-5%

API Range • 13 to 45

Process/Fluid
• 38 - 165 C (100 - 330 F)
Temperature

Flow Range • 400 to 5000 BPD

• 2-inch (50 mm), schedule 80

Pipe Sizes
• 3-inch (75 mm), schedule 80

Sweet Spot: Heavy oil, high water cut

© 2014 General Electric Company

56
Testing

Flow Loops
• GE Billerica (laboratory)
• GE Bangalore (full MPFM)
• Chevron (full MPFM)

In field
• 250+ meters in the field
• Portable Trailers
• Temporary well tests
• Separation for reference
meters
• 2 Safire meters - inlet and
outlet
• Gauge stations
• Well heads

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© 2014 General Electric Company
Thank You !