Complex Numbers-DeMoivre’s theorem, Roots of a Complex Number

1) Find the modulus and arguments of each of the following.

 2i 
2
1  2i 3i 3i
(i) (ii)  (iii)  
1  (1  i) 2
2i 2i  3i 
2) Find two complex numbers whose sum is 4 and whose product is 8.
1
3) If a  ib  prove that ( 2   2 )(a 2 b 2 )  1
  i

1  tan
4) If sin   i tan  than prove that cos   i sin   2

1  tan
2
5) If p  cos   i sin  , q  cos   i sin  , show that
pq    
a.  i tan  
pq  2 
p  q pq  1 sin   sin 
b.  
p  q pq  1 sin   sin 
6) If (1  cos   i sin  ) (1  cos 2  i sin 2 )  u  iv
 v 3
Prove that u 2  v2  16cos2 cos2  and  tan
2 u 2
1  sin   i cos
7) Prove that  sin   i cos Hence prove that
1  sin   i cos
    
5 5

1  sin 5  i cos 5   i 1  sin 5  i cos 5   0
   

1  i  
4
3 i
8
1
8) Prove that 
1  i   3  i
8
4 4

 3  i
1  i 
4 8

9) Prove that  16
1  i   3  i 
4 4

1 i 3  1 i 
9 4
1
10) Prove that 
 3  i  1 i 
12 4 8

1 i 3
11) Find the modulus and amplitude of .
 
17
3 i
12) Express z  1  7i  2  i  in the form of r  cos  i sin   and hence prove z 2  2i and
2

z 4  4 .
 n 
   
n n
13) Prove that 1  i 3  1  i 3  2n1 cos  
 3 
 
14) If x  cos 
 i sin , Prove that x1 x2 x3 ..... = i
3 3
1 1 1
15) If x   2cos , y   2cos  , z   2cos prove that
x y z
1
i) xyz   2cos     
xyz
1
ii) x3 y3  3 3  2cos  3  3 
x y
n
n
16) If  ,  are the roots of the equation x 2  2 x  2  0 prove that  n   n  2.2 2 cos .
4
Hence deduce that  8   8  32
17) If a  cos  i sin , then show that 1  a  a2  1  2cos  cos  i sin  
18) If  and  are the roots of z 2 sin 2   z sin 2  1  0 , prove that
 n   n  2cos n cos ecn

   1  ei 
1 1
19) Prove that 1  ei 2 2
 1  cos ec
2
 1  sin   i cos   
n
 
20) Prove that    cos n      i sin n    
 1  sin   i cos  2  2 
  
21) If sin   i tan , prove that cos  i sin   tan    .
4 2
22) Show that (cos   cos  )  i(sin   sin  )  (cos   cos  )  i(sin   sin  )
n n

      n(     
 2n1 sin n   cos  
 2   2 
23) If a  cos 2  i sin 2 , b  cos 2  i sin 2 c  cos 2   i sin 2  , prove that
ab c
  2cos(     ) .
c ab
24) If sin   sin   0 and cos   cos   0 show that
cos 2  cos 2  2cos(     ) and sin 2  sin 2  2sin(     )

25) Show that (cos   cos  )  i(sin   sin  )  (cos   cos  )  i(sin   sin  )
n n

      n(     
 2n1 sin n   cos  
 2   2 
 1
26) Find the value of 1 5 & show that these roots can be written as 1, u, u 2 , u 3 , u 4 . Hence
prove that (1  u)(1  u 2 )(1  u3 )(1  u 4 )  5 .

3
1 3 4
27) Find the continued product of the roots of   i 
2 2 

1
28) Solve the equation z 3  i  z  1 and show that the real part of all the roots is
3
.
2
29) Solve the equation 4 x 4  3  i
1  r r 
(Ans: 1 
cos  i sin  , r  1,13, 25,37
24 24 24 
30) Solve the equation x  x 4  x3  1  0
7

31) Solve the equation x10  11x5  10  0

32) Solve the equation x 4  x3  x 2  x  1  0
33) Find the roots of the equation z 3  i  z  1
3

34) Find the cube root of unity. Prove that if  &  are complex roots then  3n   3n  2
where n is any int.
35) Solve x5  1  i and find the continued product of the roots.
1  7i
36) Show that  4n  power of is equal to  4  where n is positive integer.
th n

2  i
2

n n
 1  i 3   1  i 3 
37) Prove that      = -1 if n = 3k+1 or n = 3k-1
 2   2 
= 2 if n = 3k
27) If cos   2cos   3cos   sin   2sin   3sin   0 .Prove that

a. sin 3  8sin 3  27sin 3  18(sin(     ))

b. cos3  8cos3  27 cos3  18(cos(     ))

28) Solve: (i) x5  1  0 (ii) x 4  x3  x 2  x  1  0 (iii)

(iv) x10  33x5  32  0 (v) x6  i  0 (vi) x7  64 x 4  x3  64  0

(vii) x7  x 4  ix3  i  0

29) Express sin8  in a series of cos of multiples of  .

1
30) Show that cos5  sin3   
27
sin8  2sin 6  2sin 4  6sin 2  .
31) Prove that 16sin 5   sin 5  5sin 3  10sin  .
 1
32) Prove that cos8   s in8 
64
cos8  28cos 4  35 .
33) If sin 4  cos3   P1 cos   P3 cos3  P5 cos5  P7 cos 7 then show that
P1  9P3  25P5  49P7  0 .
34) Express cos7  in a series of cos of multiples of  .
35) Show that 25 sin 4  cos2   cos 6  2cos 4  cos 2  2 .
1
36) Prove that cos6   sin6   cos6  15cos 2  .
16
1
37) Prove that cos8   s in8  cos8  28cos 4  35 .
64
38) Show that 64cos  sin   sin   3sin 3  sin 5  sin 7
4 3

39) Show that 25 sin 4  cos2   cos 6  2cos 4  cos 2  2 .

1
40) Prove that sin7  cos3   
512
sin10  4sin8  3sin 6  8sin 4  14sin 2  .

Hyperbolic Functions and Separation of real and imaginary parts

1. Solve the equation 7cosh x  8sinh x  1, for all real values of x . (Ans: x   log 3 )
2. Find the value of tanh log 5 (Ans: 2/3)
1 4 5
3. If tanh x  , find sinh 2x and cosh 2x (Ans: sinh 2x  and cosh 2x  )
2 3 3
  
4. If cosh u  sec , prove that i) sinh u  tan ii) tanh u  sin iii) u  log tan   
 4 2

5. If cosh x  sec , prove that i) x  log sec  tan   ii)    2 tan 1  e x  iii)
2
x  
tanh  tan  
2 2
1
6. Prove that cosh7 x  cosh 7x  7cosh5x  21cosh3x  35cosh x
64
1
7. Prove that  sinh 2 x 
1
1
1
1
1  sinh 2 x
 x y
8. If sin  cos h  ,cos  sinh   , show that
2 2
4x
(i) cos ec   i   cos ec   i   2
x  y2
4iy
(ii) cos ec   i   cos ec   i  
x  y2
2

 1  tanh x 
3

   cos6 x  sinh 6 x
9. Prove that  1  tanh x 
x u
10. If tan  tan , Prove that
2 2

i) sinh u  tan x
ii) cosh u  sec x

1
11. If sin   i   p  cos   i sin   , prove that p2  cosh 2  cos 2 , tan   tanh  cot 
2
 
   
2
12. If cos ec   ix   u  iv , prove that u 2  v2  2 u 2  v2
4 
13. If sinh   i   cos   isin  , prove that sinh 4   cos4   cos2  .
 
14. If tan   i   x  iy , prove that x2  y 2  2 x  1 .
8 
  2x
15. If cot   i   x  iy , prove that x 2  y 2   1.
6  3
 i 
16. If   i  tanh  x   , prove that  2   2  1
 4
x2 y2 x2 y2
17. If sin   i   x  iy , then prove that   1 and  1
cosh 2  sinh 2  sin 2  cos2 

 
18. If   i  tanh  x  i  , prove that  2   2  1
 4
  2x
19. If tan   i   x  iy , prove that x 2  y 2  1
6  3
20. If ez  sin u  iv  and z  x  iy then prove that 2e2 x  cosh 2v  cos 2v
 Inverse Hyperbolic Functions and Logarithm of Complex numbers

 
1. Prove that sin 1  cos ec    i logcot
2 2
n    
2. If tan   i   ei , prove that  
1
 ,   log tan   
2 4 2  4 2
 3i 
3. Separate sin 1   into real and imaginary parts. ( x  0, y  i log 2 )
4
x2 y2 x2 y2
4. If cos   i   x  iy prove that (i)   1 (ii)  1
cosh 2  sinh 2  cos2  sin 2 
5. Prove that sinh 1  tan    log sec  tan  

6. Show that cos1 (ix)   i log( x  1  x2 )
2
7. If ez  sin u  iv  , z  x  iy then prove that 2e2 x  cosh 2v  cos 2u
8. Find Log  5 (Ans: Find log5  i  2n 1 


9. Find the general value of Log 1  i 3  Log 1  i 3   (Ans: 2 log2)
 x i 
10. Prove that i log      2tan 1 x
 xi 

11. Separate into real and imaginary parts i1i . (Ans: real part = 0 , imaginary part = e 2 .)
12. Prove that the general value of 1  i tan   is e2m   cos  logcos   i sin  logcos  .
1

13. Prove that log 1  i tan    logsec  i

  
 
14. Prove that log 1  iei  log 2cos   i
 2 2
1i tan  
15. Consider only principal value, if 1  i tan   is real then prove that its value is

 sec  sec  .
2

16. Prove that log 1  cos 2  i sin 2   log  2cos   i

17. Find the value of log sin  x  iy   . (Ans:
1  cosh 2 y  cos 2 x 
log    i tan 1  cot x tanh y 
2  2 
y 2 tan
18. If p log  a  ib    x  iy  log m then prove that 
1 b
a  
x log  a  b2 
2

19. If sin  x  iy   a  ib then prove that 2e2a  cosh 2 y  cos 2 x, tan b  cot x tanh y
20. If
1  i  xiy  a  ib then considering only principle values only show that
1  i  xiy
b x
tan 1     y log 2
a 2
 8
2
 
21. Prove that the real part of the principle value of 1  i 
log i
is e cos  log 2 
4 
Inverse Hyperbolic functions and logarithmic functions

1) Prove that tanh 1 cos   cosh 1 cos ec

  
2) Prove that sinh 1 tan   log tan   
2 4
 5i 
3) Find 1) cosh 1 (ix) , 2) sinh 1 (ix) , 3) cos1  
 12 
4) Show that sin 1 (ix)  2n  i log( x  1  x2 )
5) Prove that cosh 1 ( 1  x2 )  sinh 1 x
1 1 i 1
6) If tan z  (1  i) , prove that z  tan 1 2  log  
2 2 4 5
n  1     
7) If tan(  i )  ei , prove that    ,   log  tan   
2 4 2   4 2 
 xa  i x
8) Show that tan 1 i    log  
 xa 2 a
1  1  x 2 
9) Prove that cos ech1 x  log  
 x 
 x 
10) Prove that tanh 1 x  sinh 1  
 1 x 
2

11) Show that roots of equation cosz=2 are 2n  i log 2  3  

 
12) If tan   i   tan   i sec , prove that e2  cot , 2  n  
2 2
13) Express in the form of a+ib
i
i) Log (3  4i) , ii) log(1i ) (1  i) , iii) i

14) Prove that log(1  e2i )  log(2cos )  i

   a  ib  a  b
2 2
15) Prove that cos i log   
 a  ib  a  b
2 2


 a  ib  2ab
16) Show that tan i log  2 2
 a  ib  a  b

 x i 
17) Prove that i log      2 tan 1 x
 xi 

18) Prove that sin loge (i i )  1

19) Find the principal value of i log(1i )

 1  1     
20) Prove that log  i   log  2 cos ec 2   i  2  2 
 1 e     
21) Find the general value of Log (1  i)  Log (1  i)

22) Find the principal value of (1  i 3)(1i 3)

23) Prove that log(1  i tan  )  log sec   i

1  cosh 2 y  cos 2 x 
24) log cos( x  iy)  log    i tan 1(tan x tanh y)
2  2 

(1  i)( xiy )
25) If    i , find α and β
(1  i)( xiy )

 A B
 A  iB ,considering principal values, Prove that tan 
..
ii
26) If i  and
 2  A
A2  B 2  e B
i ..... 
i 
27) If i    i , then prove that  2   2  e 2

2
  
28) Prove that real part of the principal value of (1  i) log i
is e 8
cos  log 2 
4 

        
29) Prove that log(ei  ei )  log 2cos    i  2 
  2   

30) If (1  i tan  )(1i tan  ) is real, prove that its principal value is (sec )sec 
2

31) Prove that the principal value of (1  i tan  )i is e cos(logcos  )  i sin(logcos  )
32) If log sin( x  iy)  a  ib , prove that

i) 2e2a  cosh 2 y  cos 2 x

ii) tan b  cot x tanh y

y 2 tan
33) If p log(a  ib)  ( x  iy) log m , then prove that 
 
1 b
a
x log(a 2  b2 )