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There are three main methods of transmitting power in an industrial setting: electrical, mechanical, and fluid power transmission. Fluid power transmission uses pressurized fluids like liquids or gases to transmit power from one location to another. Hydraulics uses liquids and is preferred for high power applications requiring precise positioning and smooth movement. Pneumatics uses gases and is well suited for low power applications requiring quick response. A fluid power system has three main segments: a power input segment consisting of a prime mover and pump, a control segment with valves, and a power output segment with actuators and loads. Pascal's law states that pressure in a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions at right angles. Common pumps

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81 views2 pages

3 Segments

There are three main methods of transmitting power in an industrial setting: electrical, mechanical, and fluid power transmission. Fluid power transmission uses pressurized fluids like liquids or gases to transmit power from one location to another. Hydraulics uses liquids and is preferred for high power applications requiring precise positioning and smooth movement. Pneumatics uses gases and is well suited for low power applications requiring quick response. A fluid power system has three main segments: a power input segment consisting of a prime mover and pump, a control segment with valves, and a power output segment with actuators and loads. Pascal's law states that pressure in a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions at right angles. Common pumps

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GENERAL REFERENCE

Three commonly used methods of transmitting power in an industrial setting:


electrical power transmission, mechanical power transmission, and fluid power
transmission
Fluid Power-the use of a confined fluid under pressure to transmit power from
one location to another, it is divided into two areas:
Hydraulics-the transmission of power through a liquid, preferred for
applications that require: high power/large load capacity, precise positioning,
smooth movement
Pneumatics-the transmission of power using a gas, well suited for applications
that require: low power/light to moderate load capacity, low to moderate
precision, quick response
3 Segments of a Fluid Power System:
1.) power input segment: consists of the prime mover and the pump
2.) control segment: consists of the valves that control the direction,
pressure, and flow rate
3.) power output segment: consists of the actuator (cylinder, motor, etc.)
and the load
PASCAL’S LAW: the most fundamental principle in fluid power: The pressure
exerted on a confined fluid at rest is transmitted undimished in all directions
and acts at right angles to the containing surfaces.
Power Input Segments:
Prime Mover-supplies the input power to the pump, it may be an electric
motor or gasoline engine
Types of Positive Displacement Pumps:
Piston Pumps-two main types of power piston pumps are commonly used in
hydraulics: radial and axial (piston pumps are the most expensive but the most
efficient)
Gear Pumps-two types: external and internal (gear pumps are the least
efficient)
Vane Pumps-two types: unbalanced and balanced
Control Segments:
DCVs-directional control valves: control the direction of flow in a circuit
PCVs-pressure control valves: control the pressure level, which in turn controls
the output force of a cylinder or output torque of a motor
FCVs-flow control valves: control the flow rate of the fluid
Power Output Segments:
Cylinders-sized primarily by their bore diameter (which is the inside diameter
of the barrel), several common mountings used for hydraulic cylinders (clevis
and trunnion styles allow pivot, while others hold it fixed)
Types of Cylinders:
Standard Double Acting-most commonly used
Spring Return-Type Single-Acting
Telescopic Cylinder-used when a long stroke length and a short retracted
length are required
Double-Rod Cylinder-cylinder with a rod extending from both ends
Tandem Cylinder-used in applications where a large amount of force is
required from a small-diameter cylinder
Hydraulic Rams-very large single-acting cylinders capable of generating very
high forces
Types of Motors:
Hydraulic motors-converts fluid power into mechanical power in the form of
rotational motion, perform the opposite function of a pump (motors take
pump flow and pressure as their input and output rotational motion and
torque), they are most commonly gear, vane , or piston and have a
construction similar to the hydraulic pump of the same type.

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