CHAPTER 4: LIVE LOAD

Section 4.2 or the concentrated load, in pounds or kilonewtons

4.1 DEFINITIONS (kN), given in Table 4-1, whichever produces the greater load
BALCONY (EXTERIOR): An exterior floor projecting from effects. Unless otherwise specified, the indicated concentration
and supported by a structure without additional independent sup- shall be assumed to be uniformly distributed over an area 2.5 ft
ports. (762 mm) square [6.25 ft2 (0.58 m2)] and shall be located so as to
produce the maximum load effects in the structural members.
DECK: An exterior floor supported on at least two opposing
sides by an adjacent structure and/or posts, piers, or other inde-
pendent supports. 4.4 LOADS ON HANDRAILS, GUARDRAIL
SYSTEMS, GRAB BAR SYSTEMS, VEHICLE
FIXED LADDER: A ladder that is permanently attached to a BARRIER SYSTEMS, AND FIXED LADDERS
structure, building, or equipment.
4.4.1 Loads on Handrails and Guardrail Systems. All
GRAB BAR SYSTEM: A bar provided to support body weight
handrail assemblies and guardrail systems shall be designed to
in locations such as toilets, showers, and tub enclosures.
resist a single concentrated load of 200 lb (0.89 kN) applied in
GUARDRAIL SYSTEM: A system of building components any direction at any point along the top and to transfer this load
near open sides of an elevated surface for the purpose of minimiz- through the supports to the structure.
ing the possibility of a fall from the elevated surface by people,
Further, all handrail assemblies and guardrail systems shall be
equipment, or material.
designed to resist a load of 50 lb/ft (pound-force per linear foot)
HANDRAIL: A rail grasped by hand for guidance and sup- (0.73 kN/m) applied in any direction at the top and to transfer
port. A handrail assembly includes the handrail, supporting at- this load through the supports to the structure. This load need not
tachments, and structures. be assumed to act concurrently with the load specified in the
preceding paragraph, and this load need not be considered for the
LIVE LOAD: A load produced by the use and occupancy of
following occupancies:
the building or other structure that does not include construction
or environmental loads, such as wind load, snow load, rain load, 1. One- and two-family dwellings.
earthquake load, flood load, or dead load.
2. Factory, industrial, and storage occupancies, in areas that
ROOF LIVE LOAD: A load on a roof produced (1) during are not accessible to the public and that serve an occupant
maintenance by workers, equipment, and materials and (2) during load not greater than 50.
the life of the structure by movable objects, such as planters or
Intermediate rails (all those except the handrail), balusters, and
other similar small decorative appurtenances that are not occu-
panel fillers shall be designed to withstand a horizontally applied
pancy related.
normal load of 50 lb (0.22 kN) on an area not to exceed 1 ft square
VEHICLE BARRIER SYSTEM: A system of building com- (305 mm square) including openings and space between rails.
ponents near open sides of a garage floor or ramp, or building Reactions due to this loading are not required to be superimposed
walls that act as restraints for vehicles. with those of either preceding paragraph.
4.4.2 Loads on Grab Bar Systems. Grab bar systems shall be
4.2 UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS designed to resist a single concentrated load of 250 lb (1.11 kN)
4.2.1 Required Live Loads. The live loads used in the design applied in any direction at any point.
of buildings and other structures shall be the maximum loads 4.4.3 Loads on Vehicle Barrier Systems. Vehicle barrier sys-
expected by the intended use or occupancy, but shall in no case be tems for passenger cars shall be designed to resist a single load of
less than the minimum uniformly distributed unit loads required 6,000 lb (26.70 kN) applied horizontally in any direction to the
by Table 4-1. barrier system, and shall have anchorages or attachments capable
4.2.2 Provision for Partitions. In office buildings or other build- of transferring this load to the structure. For design of the system,
ings where partitions will be erected or rearranged, provision for the load shall be assumed to act at a minimum height of 1 ft 6 in.
partition weight shall be made, whether or not partitions are shown (460 mm) above the floor or ramp surface on an area not to exceed
on the plans. Partition load shall not be less than 15 psf. 1 foot square (305 mm square), and is not required to be assumed
to act concurrently with any handrail or guardrail loadings speci-
EXCEPTION: A partition live load is not required where the minimum
specified live load exceeds 80 psf (3.83 kN/m2).
fied in Section 4.4.1. Garages accommodating trucks and buses
shall be designed in accordance with an approved method, which
contains provision for traffic railings.
4.3 CONCENTRATED LOADS
4.4.4 Loads on Fixed Ladders. The minimum design live load
Floors, roofs, and other similar surfaces shall be designed to on fixed ladders with rungs shall be a single concentrated load
support safely the uniformly distributed live loads prescribed in

Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures 9

1.1 Tải trọng gió
Áp lực gió tính toán theo công thức: Wtt = n*k*c*Wotc
* Hệ số tin cậy khi tính toán độ bền n =1.37
* Giá trị áp lực gió Wotc lấy theo Bản đồ phân vùng gió (Phụ lục D - TCVN 2737:1995):
Công trình nằm tại Tp Hồ Chí Minh
Theo TCVN 2737 : 1995, Phân vùng áp lực gió tại khu vực này là: II-A
=>Wotc = 83.00 kG/m2 (tương đương cấp bão B= 12 )

* Hệ số k kể đến sự thay đổi của áp lực gió theo độ cao:

Dạng địa hình

A B C
Độ cao Z (m)
5 1.07 0.88 0.54
10 1.18 1.00 0.66
15 1.24 1.08 0.74
20 1.29 1.13 0.80
30 1.37 1.22 0.89
40 1.43 1.28 0.97
50 1.47 1.34 1.03
60 1.51 1.38 1.08
80 1.57 1.45 1.18
100 1.62 1.51 1.25

Dạng địa hình áp dụng là địa hình : B

Cao độ trung bình của vách kính : 76.550m
=> k =1.442
* Hệ số khí động c: Tra Bảng 6 - TCVN 2737:1995 theo sơ đồ công trình:
Phía đón gió: c = 0.8
Phía hút gió: c = -0.6

Áp lực gió tác động lên vách, cửa:

Áp lực gió đẩy :
Wđtc = 95.75 daN/m2 Wđtt =131.17 daN/m2

Áp lực gió hút:

Whtc =71.82 daN/m2 Whtt =98.39 daN/m2
1.2 Tổ hợp tải trọng

Trường hợp này, tính toán với tổ hợp tải trọng nguy hiểm là chỉ có các tải trọng tác dụng vuông
góc với vách kích => Tính toán với tổ hợp tải trọng nguy hiểm là chỉ có tải trọng gió.

Tải tính toán: Wđtt = 131.17 daN/m2

1.3 Sơ đồ tính toán

Chiều dài L1 = 200mm

Chiều dài L2 =755mm

Tải trọng tại vị trí 1: P1 = a*b*Wđtt = 1*0.4*131.17=52.5 daN

Tải trọng tại vị trí 2: P2 =a*b* Wđtt = 1*0.87*131.17=114.1 daN

Kết quả nội lực:
Moment tại thanh : M= P1*L1+P2*L2 = 52.5*200+114.1*755 = 0.966 kN.m
Lực cắt tại thanh : Q= P1+P2 = 52.5+114.1 = 1.67 kN
1.4 Kiểm tra