WORKSHOP REPORT
NAME: AHMAD ZAHID BIN AMRAN
IC NUMBER: 930121105695
MATRIC NUMBER: AA110467
TITLE: WELDING
LECTURER’S NAME: ENCIK ASRIZAL BIN MOHD
AMIN
OBJECTIVES
To determine the fundamentals of Shielded Metal Arc Welding
(SMAW)
To know deeply on how SMAW process work on metal.
To analyze the factors that affect SMAW process.
To keep alert to the safety precaution on the procedure during the
SMAW process.
INTRODUCTION
Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually
metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by
melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten
material (the weld pool) that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure
sometimes used in conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld.
This is in contrast with soldering and brazing, which involve melting a lower-
melting-point material between the workpieces to form a bond between them,
without melting the workpieces.
Many different energy sources can be used for welding, including a gas flame,
an electric arc, a laser, an electron beam, friction, and ultrasound. While often
an industrial process, welding may be performed in many different
environments, including open air, under water and in outer space. Welding is
a potentially hazardous undertaking and precautions are required to avoid
burns, electric shock, vision damage, inhalation of poisonous gases and fumes,
and exposure to intense ultraviolet radiation.
Until the end of the 19th century, the only welding process was forge welding,
which blacksmiths had used for centuries to join iron and steel by heating and
hammering. Arc welding and oxyfuel welding were among the first processes
to develop late in the century, and electric resistance welding followed soon
after. Welding technology advanced quickly during the early 20th century as
World War I and World War II drove the demand for reliable and
inexpensive joining methods. Following the wars, several modern welding
techniques were developed, including manual methods like shielded metal arc
welding, now one of the most popular welding methods, as well as semi-
automatic and automatic processes such as gas metal arc welding, submerged
arc welding, flux-cored arc welding and electroslag welding. Developments
continued with the invention of laser beam welding, electron beam welding,
electromagnetic pulse welding and friction stir welding in the latter half of the
century. Today, the science continues to advance. Robot welding is common
place in industrial settings, and researchers continue to develop new welding
methods and gain greater understanding of weld quality.
SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW)
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as manual metal arc (MMA)
welding, flux shielded arc welding or informally as stick welding, is a
manual arc welding process that uses a consumable electrode coated in flux to
lay the weld. An electric current, in the form of either alternating
current or direct current from a welding power supply, is used to form
an electric arc between the electrode and the metals to be joined. As the weld
is laid, the flux coating of the electrode disintegrates, giving off vapors that
serve as a shielding gas and providing a layer of slag, both of which protect
the weld area from atmospheric contamination.
Because of the versatility of the process and the simplicity of its equipment
and operation, shielded metal arc welding is one of the world's most popular
welding processes. It dominates other welding processes in the maintenance
and repair industry, and though flux-cored arc welding is growing in
popularity, SMAW continues to be used extensively in the construction of
steel structures and in industrial fabrication. The process is used primarily to
weld iron and steels (including stainless steel)
but aluminium, nickel and copper alloys can also be welded with this method.
FIGURE FOR SMAW PROCESS:
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