jdlH rpkh 7

ukqIHhd NdIdj ud¾.fhka woyia m< lrk l%u

folls' tlla kï lSu" foiqu ke;fyd;a foãu hs'
wfkl ,shd oelaùu − tkï f,aLkh − hs' tla
lreKla wrNhd oelaúh hq;= ish,a, iïmsKavkh
fldg iSud iys; È. m%udKhlska hq;=j ms<sfj<lg
ilia l< .µ ksnkaOh jdlH rpkhls' jdlH
rpkfha jia;= úIh ms<sn| iSudjla ke;' f;dard
.kakd ,o úIhlg fyda ud;Dldjlg fyda wod<j
/ia lr .kakd lreKq ta iïnkaOj iajlSh woyia o
mokï lr .ksñka úYaf,aIKd;aulj yd ;¾ldkql+,j
,sùu" rpkhl iajNdjh hs' ud;Dldjg wod<j yrj;a
lreKq rij;a f,i iy l%udkql+,j ksrjq,aj fm<
.eiaùu;a id¾:l rpkhl § jeo.;a fõ' tfuka u
úÑ;% yd ksrjµ NdId Ndú;h fuka u ;udg wkkH
jQ ffY,shlg wkqj rpkh iïmdokh lsÍu o wjYH
fõ' mo fn§u" úrdu ,laIK wdÈ Ys,amSh m%[Link]
ksjerÈ Ndú;h o id¾:l rpkhlg w;HjYH
lreKls' úúO úIhhkag wod< fmd;a m;a" .=jkaúÿ,sh"
rEmjdysksh yd wka;¾cd,h wdÈ uqøs; yd úµq;a udOH
mßYS,kfhka ,nk wjfndaOh" wdhdihlska f;drj
rpkd iïmdokhg bv i,ihs' lshùu" rpkd ,sùug
fyd| mQ¾jdo¾Yhls' rpkd ,sùu" f,aLk l=i,;d
j¾Okhg bjy,a jk ls%hdldrluls' fyd| jdlH
rpkhla idys;Huh .=Kfhka hqla; ksnkaOhla fia
o ie,fla' fuu mdvu rpkd ,sùu i|yd ud¾[Link]
imhkakls'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 49

 “YS% ,xldj iajNdj fi!kao¾hfhka wkQk rgls' jkdka;r Èh we,s uqyqÿ fjr< jeks
ls%' mQ' 4 jeks ishjfiys mgka ls%' j' 11 jeks ishji muK olajd ,xldfõ m%Odk o¾YkSh ia:dkj,ska w,xldrj;a ù we;' tfy;a fïjd keröug meñfKk ckhd
rdcOdksh jQ wkqrdOmqrh Èjhsfka b;d u jeo.;a ft;sydisl [Link] hs' m<uqjk jrg
úiska ta ia:dkj,g neyer flfrk fmd,s;Ska yd ma,diaála jeks wmøjH fya;=fjka
,xldfjys nqÿiiak msysgqjk ,oafoa wkqrdOmqrfhys neúka th Èjhsfka m%Odk mQckSh
[Link] o fõ'
ta ;ekaj, iqkaor;ajh jekfiñka mj;S' fï ;;a;ajh j<lajd .ekSu flfrys
[Link] foaYdka;r 80º' 24' yd W;a;r wlaINd. 8º' 21' wdYs%;j ,xldfõ W;=re È. ldf.a;a wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= h'”
;eks;,dfjys u,aj;= Th nv msysá fï [Link] uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg idudkHfhka wä ‘mßirh wdrlaId lr .ekSu’ hk ud;Dldjg wkql+,j by; rpkd m%Yakh bÈßm;a
295la muK Wi h' idudkH jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kh 57''ls' idudkH jd¾Isl WIaK;ajh lr we;af;a ud¾[Link]; l%uhg h' fï hgf;a lreKq bÈßm;a l< hq;= ms<sfj<
me'81º ls' wkqrdOmqrh úh<s l,dmfha m%Odk ld,.=K m¾fhaIK uOHia:dkhla o rpkd m%Yakfhka u bÈßm;a lr ;sfí' ta fufia h'
fõ'
1874ys mgka wkqrdOmqrh W;=re ueo m<df;a [Link] hs' fld<U isg wkqrdOmqrhg ÿr
1' YS% ,xldj iajNdj fi!kao¾hfhka wkQk nj
ie;mqï 127 1$2ls' uykqjr isg ^oUq,a, yryd& ie;mqï 85 1$2ls' oykjjeks Y;
2' YS% ,xldj o¾YkSh ia:dkj,ska w,xldrj;a nj
j¾Ifha w. yßfha § mqrdjia;= mÍlaIK iy jeõ wuqKq m%;sixialrK weröfuka miq
wkqrdOmqrh kj uqyqKqjrlska ÈhqKq jkakg úh' ta ld,fha § wkqrdOmqrfhys ÿïßh 3' krUkakka neyer lrk wmøjH ksid tlS ia:dkj, iqkaor;ajh jekfik
kej;=ïm<la o bÈ lrk ,È' nj
fm!rd‚l wkqrdOmqr [Link] mqrdjia;= wdrlaId lr .ekSu;a mQckSh [Link] 4' fï mßir úkdYh j<lajd .; hq;= nj
jYfhka tys Y=oaO;ajh /l .ekSu;a Wfoid ksjdi" úÿy,a" fj<|m<j,a" wkHd.dñl 5' iudf,dapkh jYfhks'
[Link].s,s wdÈh Y=oaO [Link] bj;a fldg kùk kd.ßl Wjukdjla msßuid ,k fï whqßka ks¾foaYs; WmfoaYhla ;sîu" ks¾udKd;aul f,aLkhg ndOdjla fkd fõ'
kj [Link] u,aj;= Tfha [Link] bjqfrys [Link] kÕd ;sfí'
lreKq jvd;a fyd¢ka ixúOdkh lr .ksñka ud;Dldjg wod< úIh lreKq bÈßm;a
,xldfõ fYa%IaG;u mQckSh fn!oaO [Link] jQ wkqrdOmqrfhys mer‚ isxy, krm;Ska
lsÍug th msájy,ls'
úiska bÈ lrk ,o fn!oaO isoaOia:dk w;=frka wNh.sßh" biqreuq‚h" lsßn;a fjfyr"
fÊ;jkh" :Qmdrduh" olaIsK úydrh" o<od ud,s.h ^mer‚&" kLd fjfyr" mdÖk;siai
mín; úydrh" ñßijeáh" uydfndaê úydrh" rejkaje,siEh" ,xldrduh" ud;Dldjla fh§u
f,dajduydmdh" úchdrduh" fjiai.sßh" ix>ñ;a;d fÉ;sh" is,d fÉ;sh hkdÈh
m%;sixialrKh lrkq ,en fyda kIagdjYsIagj ;ju;a mj;S' f,dalfha we;s b;d u jdlH rpkfhys ,d Tfí ks¾udKd;aul f,aLk yelshdj bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd Tn
Ydka; jQ ffY,uh iudê ms<suh yeáhg c.;a lS¾;shla Wiq,k fY%aIaG l,d lD;sh f;dard .;a úia;rhg .e<fmk ud;Dldjla fh§ug o Tng isÿ fjhs' lsishï
o f,dj mqrdK;u ft;sydisl jDlaIh yeáhg ms<[Link] ,nk YS% uyd fndaêkajykafia úia;rhlg .e<fmk u ud;Dldjla fh§u ks¾udKd;aul yelshdjls' fï ksid" §
o we;af;a wkqrdOmqrfhys h' by; i|yka mQckSh ia:dk oel je| mqod .ekSu ms‚i
we;s úia;rh lsysm jrla fyd¢ka lshjd tys we;=<;a ish¨ lreKq ksfhdackh jk
fmdfidka iufha § wkqrdOmqrhg Èjhsfka iEu m<d;aj,ska u we§ tk ,laI ixLHd;
ud;Dldjla fh§u jeo.;a h' tfia u úia;rfhka wfmalaId l< lreKq ud;Dldfjka
jkaokdlrejka ksid wjqreÿ m;d tu ld,fha § wkqrdOmqr Y=oaO [Link] W;aijYS%hla
Wiq,hs' o meyeÈ,s úh hq;= h' úia;rhg .e<fmk ud;Dld mdGhla fh§u ms<sn| wjfndaOhla
,nd .ekSu i|yd my; WodyrKh wOHhkh lrkak'
isxy, úYajfldaIh - 1 ldKavh “cx.u ¥rl:k Ndú;h fï jk úg fnfyúka jHdma; ù we;' [Link],ShlrKh;a
iu. we;s ù ;sfnk kj úm¾hdi yuqfõ ikaksfõok ld¾hh myiq lsÍfï ,d
fujeks kj ;dlaI‚l fuj,ï ufydamldÍ fjhs' tfy;a tajd wksis f,i m%fhdackhg
“hula rgdjlg ,shd bÈßm;a lsÍu rpkh kï fjhs' ta wkqj rpkh hkq rgdjlg .kakd wys;lr wjia:d .ek o ks;r wikakg ,efí'”
ieliSu hk w¾:h hs' th jvd;a meyeÈ,sj m%ldY l< hq;af;a( “ksYaÑ; ud;Dldjla
hgf;a Bg wod< lreKq yd yeÕSï l%uj;aj ixúOdkd;aulj yd ks¾udKd;aulj by; úia;rhg cx.u ¥rl:k Ndú;h yd kQ;k iudch hk ud;Dldj fhÈh
f,aLk udOHfhka bÈßm;a lsÍu jdlH rpkh fõ” hkqfjks' fï wkqj jdlH yels h'
rpkh lsishï ie,iqï l%uhlg wkqj ,súh hq;= m%nkaOhls'
jdlH rpkh hgf;a ud¾[Link]; rpkh hkak ye¢k .; hq;= fõ' rpkd
ud;Dldj hgf;a bÈßm;a lr we;s u. wkqj ke;fyd;a Wmfoia [Link] lrñka
,súh hq;= rpkh" ud¾[Link]; rpkhls'

50 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 51
 YS% ,xldfõ ixpdrl jHdmdrh
jdlH rpkhl o< wdlD;sh
YS
% ,xldj oel=ïl¨ tfuka u iajNdj fi!kao¾hfhka wkQk rgls' WKqiqu isys,
w;r iu .=Kh iys; YS% ,xldj" úfoaYslhkaf.a fkdu| wjOdkhg fhduq jkafka tu
foaY.=‚l ;;a;ajh o fya;=fjks'
m%fõYh fyj;a ud;Dldkql+, iudf,dapkh
wdrïNh úIh lreKq fyj;a wjidkh
isxy, idys;Hfha j¾Okh

ck;djlf.a iNH;ajh;a nqoaê úldYh;a úksYaph lsÍug Tjqkaf.a idys;H l,d
Wmldr fjhs
' idys ;Hh jQ l,s iNH;ajfhys jeãu ni okakjqkag muKla weik fia
m%fõYh fyj;a wdrïNh lshkakls'
rpkfha wdrïNl jdlHfhka u iuia; rpkh flfrys mdGlhdf.a wjOdkh fhduq
isxy, idys;Hfha [Link] - ud¾áka úl%uisxy
fõ' fï ksid tys wdrïNl jdlHh ks¾udKYS,Sj ,shd oelaùu l< hq;a;ls' ta i|yd
ud;Dldjg iïnkaO l< yels lsishï WoaOD; mdGhla fyda ud;Dldj ms<sn|
ks¾jpkhla fyda bÈßm;a l< yels h' ud;Dldkql+, úIh lreKq
‘oekqu jvk lshùu’ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a jdlH rpkhla ,sùfï § my; bÈßm;a
lrk jelsj,ska tla m%fõY jdlHhla bÈßm;a lsÍu WÑ; h' rpkfha úia;rd;aul fldgi fuh hs' fuys § ud;Dldjg wod< lreKq wkqms<sfj<ska
iy ;¾ldkql+,j fþo jYfhka ,súh hq;= h' tys m%udKj;a nj o jeo.;a fõ' fþo
¸' fï f;dr;=re f,dalhls' f;dr;=re oek .ekSug fmd; m; fuka u wka;¾cd,h fjka lsÍfï § l%uj;a fm< .eiaula ilia lr .ekSu jeo.;a fõ' fjk;a fþohl
o mßYS,kh lsÍug isÿ fjhs' igyka lrk ,o lreKq kej; kej; igyka lsÍu WÑ; fkd fõ'
¸¸' oekqu yd lshùu w;r we;af;a wúfhdackSh iïnkaOhls'
¸¸¸' oekqu fudfyd;ska fudfyd; w¨;a fjhs' th hdj;ald,Skj mj;ajd .ekSu
i|yd lshùu ufydamldÍ fjhs' iudf,dapkh
¸¹' oekqu jvk úúO ud¾. w;=frka jvd m,j;a u. jkafka lshùu hs' jdlH rpkfha wjidk fþoh" iudf,dapkh i|yd fhdod .; hq;= h' tys § f;dard
¹' lshùu wx. iïmQ¾K ñksil= ;khs' .;a ud;Dldj hgf;a bÈßm;a l< lreKq l%uj;aj wjika l< hq;= fõ'
¹¸' lshùfuka oekqu msf¾'
iudf,dapkfha § rpkfha bÈßm;a l< lreKqj, idrdxYhla wod< ud;Dldj ms<sn|
¹¸¸' oekqu keue;s ;lai,dfõ Wmßu ;,hg hd yelafla fmd; m; lshùfuks'
rplhdf.a [Link] fyda úksYaph iys;j bÈßm;a flf¾'
fun÷ tla jelshlska wdrïNh ,shd wk;=rej fojk jelsh uq,a jelshg .e<fmk
whqßka bÈßm;a l< hq;= h' fiiq jels o .e<fmk whqßka bÈßm;a lr m<uq fþofha
ud;Dldj ye¢kaùu l%uj;aj isÿ l< hq;= fõ' th ;jÿrg;a wjfndaO lr .ekSu id¾:l rpkhl ,laIK
i|yd my; tla tla ud;Dldj hgf;a bÈßm;a lr we;s m%fõY jdlH lsysmh wOHhkh
rpkh id¾:lj ,sheù ;sfí oehs hkak uQ,sl lreKq ;=kla hgf;a i,ld nef,a'
lrkak'
1' ud;Dldjg wod< nj
2' rpkd ffY,sh yd NdId ú,dih
úÿ,sh wrmsßuisuq 3' Ys,amSh olaI;d jYfhks'

Èhq Kqfõ rka fodrgq w;r wrmsßueiau o tlls' msßuid f.k mdúÉÑ lsÍu
wrmsßueiau hs' c,h" wdydr mdk" ñ, uqo,a" wrmsßueiafuka mdúÉÑ l< fyd;a tajd ud;Dldjg wod< nj
wmg fndfyda ld,hla hk ;=re u mßyrKh l< yels h' wm rfÜ wrmsßueish hq;=
cd;sl iïm;a w;r úÿ,sh m%Odk tlls' uq,alr .;a ud;Dldjg .e<fmk lreKqj,ska rpkh fmdaIs; úh hq;= h' ta i|yd
wod< lreKq muKla wkqms<sfj<ska fm< .iajd .; hq;= h' rpkh i|yd lreKq
úúO ck udOHj,ska" iÕrd yd fmd; m; lshùfuka idlÉPd yd iïuka;%K wdÈhg
52 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 53
 ijka §fuka" /ia lr .; yels h' tfia /ia lr .;a lreKq rpkd ud;Dldjg 2' my; i|yka rpkfhka ks¾udKd;aul rpkh i|yd .; yels Wmfoia fm<
.e<fmk f,i wkqms<sfj<ska fm< .iajd .; hq;= h' ,sùfï § tajd uq,a lr .;a .iajkak'
ud;Dldjg wod< whqßka ;¾ldkql+,j yrj;aj ixúOdkd;aulj ks¾udKd;aul f,i fydaæ fydaæ fydaæ
m%udKd;aulj bÈßm;a l< hq;= fõ' ta i|yd rpkd iels,a,la ms<sfh, lr .ekSu .iaje,aj, uyd l,n,hls' ;on, fkd ikaiqka luls' fodr cfk,a lg lg .d
m%fhdackj;a h' fjjq,hs' ì;a;sj, ;Èka yefmhs' fl¢ß .dhs' mska;+r ta fï w; meoafohs' fïifha
isg ieye,a¨ fmd;a ìug mkS' lvodis ta fï w; mshdUhs'
rpkd ffY,sh yd NdId ú,dih r;a flfy,a m÷f¾ È.á fld< fi,fjhs' kefuhs' weUfrhs" bfrhs' we;eï u,a
.ilg" msmqKq u,a wysñ fjhs' bÿKq fld< wysñ fjhs' ÿn, w;a;la folla wysñ
rpkh i|yd fhdod .;a NdIdfõ iajNdjh tys w.h i|yd n,mdkakls' ta i|yd
fjhs' ta iu. u ySka fmdo jeiafils' wk;=rej fudr iQrk uy jeiafils'
ks¾udKd;aulj jdlH bÈßm;a lsÍu uQ,sl fõ' jelshla ks¾udKd;aul ùug Bg tla
oeka wfma [Link] ñÿ, mqxÑ .fÕls' lvodis Tre md l< yels lÈu .fÕls'
flfrk jpk ud,dj" úfYaIK" Wmud wdÈ w,xldr" jdla iïm%odh" wjHla; yd fkd
^mn| yqrej" uÿrisxy .=K;s,l&
.e<fmk m%ldYj,ska f;dr ùu wdÈ lreKq n,mdhs' tneúka jdlH rpkhla ,sùfï
§ ta ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= fõ' tfuka u iïu; f,aLk Í;s [Link] lsÍu
3' my; oelafjk tla tla úia;rh hgf;a jpk 250la muK jk fia rpkd
o jeo.;a fõ'
,shkak' ta tlsfklg iqÿiq ud;Dldj [Link] fhdokak'
Ys,amSh olaI;d
¸' mß.Kl ;dlaIKh uq¿ f,dj úYaj .ïudkhla njg m;a lr yudr h'
jdlH rpkhl Ys,amSh olaI;d hkq" bka iudchg ie,fik hym; w;suy;a h' [Link]ï [Link]ùï ls%hdj,sh
rpkh meyeÈ,s w;a wl=ßka hqla; ùu mß.Klfhka jvd;a ld¾hlaIu lr .; yels h' tfy;a oreoeßhka mß.Kl
wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈj fh§u Ndú;hg fhduq lrùu mfriaifuka l< hq;a;ls'
jdlHj, ksis ;kays ksjerÈj úrdu ,laIK fh§u
mo fjka fldg ,sùu ¸¸' idys;Hh ck;d Wreuhls' bka rfÜ idudðl" ixialD;sl yd foaYmd,ksl
wod< mßÈ fþo fjka lr ,sùu wdÈh hs' f;dr;=re o ksrEmKh fõ' mqoa.,hd ;=< hym;a wdl,am j¾Okh i|yd
id¾:l rpkhla" lshjkakdg fjfyilska f;drj lshùug yels" ish oekqu nqoaêh idys;Hh mdol fjhs' ta wkqj rfÜ ck;d is;=ï me;=ï hyu.g m;a lr
j¾Okhg bjy,a jk f,aLkhla úh hq;= h' iduldó mqrjeis msßila ìys lr .ekSug idys;Hh bjy,a lr .; yels h'

¸¸¸' mqj;am; ;ju;a ck;djg f;dr;=re imhk m%n, uqøs; udOHhls' mqj;amf;a
ld¾h Ndrh w;r jeo.;a jkafka ksjerÈ f;dr;=re l,g fõ,djg iemhSu h'
,sÅ; wNHdi mqj;am;ska iudc" wd¾Ól" ixialD;sl f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍfuka ck;djf.a
oekqu fmdaIKh fjhs' jd‚c;ajhg nr jQ we;eï mqj;am;aj, m< jk ydkslr
1' fï tla tla ud;Dldj hgf;a jdlH rpkh [Link] ,sùu i|yd wod< lreKq mqj;a rgg úkdYhls' mqj;amf;a [Link] iudc iqpß;h ie,iSu h'
wxl myla hgf;a ixúOdkh lr olajkak'
¸' wfma hym;a isß;a úß;a ¸¹' c, ysÕh" kdh hEu" .xj;=r" <eõ .sks wdÈh we;s ùug fndfyda ÿrg fya;= ù
¸¸' lS%vdj wmg lshd fok mdvï we;af;a iajNdj O¾uhg jvd ñksia lghq;= h' ñksiqka wd;aud¾:h .ek u ñi
¸¸¸' f,dal iduh i|yd f,dal n,j;=ka fj; mejfrk [Link] fmdÿ hym; .ek fkd i,lkafka wehs@ fï úkdYldÍ lghq;= ue`v meje;aùu
¸¹' uu .xj;=rg ueÈ ùñ fkd l< fyd;a wm lrd uyd úkdYhla <Õd jkq we;' th je<elaùu i|yd
¹' wdmod l<ukdlrKfha jeo.;alu È.= ld,Sk fuka u flá ld,Sk jevms<sfj< wjYH fõ'

54 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 55