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Comprehensive Guide to Drug Biotransformation and Pharmacology

The document discusses various topics related to pharmacology including: 1. Defining biotransformation and types of biotransformation reactions 2. Describing phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation reactions 3. Discussing routes of drug administration, volume of distribution, plasma half-life and their clinical significance 4. Explaining concepts like antagonism, idiosyncrasy, therapeutic index, potency, and tachyphylaxis 5. Interpreting dose response curves to determine drug potency and margin of safety 6. Explaining first order and zero order elimination 7. Describing receptor mechanisms of action and examples of enzyme inducers and inhibitors 8. Defining pharmacogen

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119 views3 pages

Comprehensive Guide to Drug Biotransformation and Pharmacology

The document discusses various topics related to pharmacology including: 1. Defining biotransformation and types of biotransformation reactions 2. Describing phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation reactions 3. Discussing routes of drug administration, volume of distribution, plasma half-life and their clinical significance 4. Explaining concepts like antagonism, idiosyncrasy, therapeutic index, potency, and tachyphylaxis 5. Interpreting dose response curves to determine drug potency and margin of safety 6. Explaining first order and zero order elimination 7. Describing receptor mechanisms of action and examples of enzyme inducers and inhibitors 8. Defining pharmacogen

Uploaded by

yusma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL PHARMA

1. Define biotransformation. Define toxic biotransformation of drug with


example and name type II biotransformation reactions.
2. Name all biotransformation reactions. Describe phase 1 and phase 2
reactions with examples
3. Define routes of drug administration with their merits and demerits
4. Define volume of distribution of drug
5. Define plasma half-life and describe its clinical significance.role of plasma
half-life in designing dosage regimens
6. Define and classify antagonism/ antagonist with examples
7. Explain idiosyncrasy, pharmocogentics, therapeutic index, potency and
tachyphylaxis.
8. Dose response curve of four drugs on isolated ileum of guinea pig are
shown hereWhich curve represents the most potent drug? Define potency.
Considering curve A and C tobe the same drug, what can you comment?
How the margin of safety is depicted in dose response curve? Which curve
shows the narrowest margin of safety? Name 3 drugs with narrow
therapeutic index. Define a partial agonist. Which curve represents a partial
agonist
9. Explain first order and zero order elimination with examples.
10.Describe receptor and drug mechanism of action with examples.
11.What are enzyme inducers and inhibitors? Explain their clinical significance.
What is enzyme induction? Examples and describe how it effect the
pharmacokinetics of drug
12.Define phrmacogenetics. Give 3 examples how genetic variations can
influence drug response. Write fast and slow acetylator status
13.Vasomotor reversal phenomenon. First dose effect with examples
14.Define tolerance and tachyphylaxis. Give difference b/w the two
15.Give clinical sig of tolerance and tachyphylaxis with examples
16.Differ b/w
ligand and second messenger
clearance and excretion
17.Enlist mechanism of transmembrane signaling. Give examples
18.Name any 4 second messengers. What is the sig of second messenger
signaling?
19.Pharmacogenetics. Slow and fast acetylators with examples
20.Vasomotor reversal reflex
21.First dose effect

ANS
1. Explain cholinesterase inhibiting drugs and explain organo phosphorus
poisoning and its management
2. Describe effects of pilocarpine on eye
3. Describe pharmacological effects of pilocarpine
4. Adverse effects and contraindication of atropine
5. Describe therapeutic use and adverse effects of sympathomimetic agents.
Write down 8 therapeutic uses of sympathomimetic drugs
6. Enumerate beta blockers and its adverse effects
7. Describe adverse effects and contraindications of antimuscuranic drugs.
Classify antimuscuranic drugs according to its clinical uses and write its
contraindication. Write down therapeutic classification of anti-muscarinic
drugs
8. Classify alpha receptor blockers and its therapeutic uses and write the
rationale of its use in blood pressure.3 clinical uses and 3 major A/E of
alpha blockers. A/E of alpha adrenergic blockers
9. Classify beta receptor blockers and its adverse effects
10.Give the effects of epinephrine and nor epinephrine on BP and heart. Also
mention the receptors producing the effect. Explain epinephrine reversal
phenomenon of dale. Enlist cardiovascular effects of epinephrine
11.Classify cholinesterase inhibiting drugs.
12. Classify anticholinerguic drugs therapeutically. Write down 4
pharmacological uses of aticholinergic drugs. Name drugs used in angle
glaucouma
13.What is prazosin? What is the rationale of its use in BP?
14.Write down pharmacological effects of adrenaline
15.Mode of action of beta blockers in hypertension and angina pectoris
16.Rationalize the use of drugs in these situation
17.Adrenaline in anaphylactic shock
18.Dopamine in hypovolemic shock
19.Metaprolol in congestive cardiac failure
20.Pilocarpine in acute congestive glaucoma
21.

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