180˚ Rotating Trolley with mechanism
SYNOPSIS SUBMITTED
FOR DEGREE OF
Bachelor of Technology
In
Mechanical Engineering
Submitted By:- Dalveer Singh (1531180)
Iqbal Singh (1441722) Inderdeep Singh (1441721)
Kulvir Singh (1531189)
Submitted To:-
Er. RAMAN SHEGAL (Head of Department of Mech. Engg)
Ludhiana Group of Colleges, Chaukimann
SESSION:- 2014 - 2018
CHAPTER SCHEME :
1. INTRODUCTION.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY.
3. NEED FOR THIS MECHANISM.
4. ONE DIMENSIONAL TROLLEY.
5. HYDRAULIC CYLINDER.
6. FIGURE OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDER.
7. HYDRAULIC JACK WORKING OF CYLINDER.
8. WORKING OF HYDRAULIC JACK.
9. DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDER WITH CALCULATION.
10. CONCLUSION.
SYNOPSIS
180˚ Rotating Trolley with Mechanism
1. Introduction
This trolley mechanism can do a great job by unloading the goods in three
different directions as nowadays a simple trolley unloads in only one direction.
Existing trolley requires more space and time so to overcome these problems. We
wants to introduce the three way trolley mechanism so that the device is
economical and efficient.
This trolley mechanism generally relates to ball sockets joint that is used to
provide motion in three right side direction. The ball socket joint is used for
unloading the left side or right side direction and use of hydraulic jack in back
side. In this mechanism, the relative motion of ball socket joint and trolley moves
in left and right direction. To unload the material in right side or in left side, we
have fix the one side by hinge joint using pin. In this project the hydraulic jack is
attached below whole setup to lift the trolley for unloading. This trolley
mechanism can be applied to both domestic as well as industrial areas. The
proposed mechanism used for
unloading purpose is safe ,
efficient and could be used
safely in different areas.
Fig.1: Design of 180˚ Trolley with Mechanism
2 . Literature Survey:-
The older dropping trolley has been conceived by observing the difficulty in
unloading the materials. The survey in this regards in several automobile garages,
revealed the facts that mostly some difficult methods were adopted in unloading
the materials from the trolley. This paper has mainly focused on above difficulty.
Hence a prototype of suitable arrangement has been designed. The vehicles can
be unloaded from the trolley in three axes without application of any impact
force. The Direction of the mechanism can be control with the help of ball and
socket joint which attached the ram of the hydraulic cylinder which lifting the
trolley cabin in require side. Further modifications and working limitations will put
this work in the main league of use. This concept saves time & energy which leads
to efficient working.
In this project the hydraulic jack is attached below whole setup to lift the trolley
for unloading. This trolley mechanism can be applied to both domestic as well as
industrial areas. The proposed mechanism used for unloading is safe and efficient
and could be used safely in different areas. This type of system is specially
designed purpose for easy unloading of goods in congested space without wasting
time and fuel consumption. In traditional trolley, it is Capable to lift the load only
in one direction i.e. in backward direction. It requires very skilled driver, increases
fuel requirement. In this type of system, hydraulic jack of 100 kg capacity and ball
socket joint play very vital role. The ball socket joint is able to rotate in 180 degree
direction. This mechanism is useful in dumping vehicles like tractor, trucks etc.
This mechanism can provide faster work rate, less human interaction. In existing
system, t can unload only in one side by using hydraulic jack. That’s why in case of
two trailer truck, it is difficult for the driver to unload it at only one place and also
it consumes more fuel, time, space etc. It is easy to operate, does not required
any special skill of driver, rapid, safe operation and simple maintenance.
[Link] FOR THIS MECHANISM :-
This mechanism is useful in dumping vehicles like tractor, trolley etc. This
mechanism can provide faster work rate, less human interaction. In existing
system, trolley can unload only in one side by using hydraulic jack. That’s why in
case of trolley, it is difficult for the driver to unload it at only one place and also it
consumes more fuel, time, space etc. Wide area is available for research in this
topic in order to make it easy for the driver to unload and reduce time and fuel
consumption. It is easy to operate, does not required any special skill of driver,
rapid, safe operation and simple maintenance.
4. ONE DIMENSIONAL TROLLEY:-
This type of trolley can unload goods in only back side direction, for this type of
unloading either hydraulic or conveyor system is used. Trolley with conveyor
system are quite effective than trolley with hydraulic jack but these both systems
can unload the goods in only back side direction, therefore more space and time
required.
5. HYDRAULIC CYLINDER:- A hydraulic cylinder is placed below the body of
trolley longitudinally at one end of trolley ,and the piston end of the hydraulic
cylinder is connected by the means of a pivot joint to the chassis trolley. In the
forward stroke of the cylinder, it pushes the trolley body upward thus gives
necessary lift for tipping dumping. so, in the forward stroke of cylinder , the
trolley unloaded. In the return stroke of the cylinder the body of trolley comes to
its original position.
6. FIGURE OF HYDRAULIC
CYLINDER : -
7 . HYDRAULIC JACK WORKING OF TROLLEY:-
Volume No: 2 (2015), Issue No: 11 (November)
8. WORKING OF HYDRAULIC JACK :- hydraulic jack get their power from
pressurize hydraulic fluid , which is typically oil . the hydraulic jack cnsists of a
cylinder barrel , in which a piston connected to the piston rod moves back and
forth . the barrel is closed on the each end by the cylinder bottom ( also called the
cap end ) and by the cylinder head where the piston rod comes out of the cylinder
.
9. DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDER WITH CALCULATION:-
In this project , hydraulic cylinder plays a very crucial role . Hence design of the
hydraulic jack and oil
required for jack is necessary . To get the desired height of the jack proper type of
oil must be used otherwise it cannot lift the rated load capacity. In this hydraulic
jack , oil grade of N15 is used . Following is design procedure of hydraulic jack .
According to AISI CODE , the material used for piston rod is MS SA36 Grade A and
its corresponding
value permissible stress , is ó 407.7 MPa . Then , = 407.7 MPa
= 407.7 N/mm2
Let piston diameter = 28mm
Stress = Vertical load on piston / Cross sectional Area of piston .
FIGURE:-
ó = F/A
F = ó ×A
= ó ×ó/4 ×D2
= 407.7×ó/4×(28)2
= 251165.30 N
Since, 1 kg = 9.81 N
Therefore,
F = 251165.30/9.81 Kg
F= 25602.98 Kg
And we know that, 1 ton = 1000 Kg
Therefore F= 25602.98/1000 = 25.6 ton.
The value of force calculated above represents the maximum limit of load that
can be lifted by the piston rod without failure.
1. Maximum inside pressure of barrel
Consider weight of 5 tones acts on the piston. Therefore the pressure created by
the piston in cylinder or barrel can be calculated by the following formula.
PRESSURE = F/A
Where area is the cross section of the piston rod
A = ∏/4×(µ)
= ∏/4 ×(28)²
=615.75 mm2
We know that
P= F/A 1000/617.78
P=9.81
1 tonne = 1000 Kg
Force = 5000 Kg
And,
1 Kg force = 9.81 N
Force = 9.81×5000
Therefore
Pressure P = 79.65 MPa
2. Calcaulating thickness of the barrel
First calculating the bore diameter
F2 =A2×P×ß
Where ß= load rate (ß for low speed = 60% to 80%, for high speed = 25% to 35%)
Taking ß = 0.8
(2-d2)×P×ß( 2-282)×79.65×0.3 7mm
By solving above equation
D=58.29mm say 59mm
4950 =∏ /4 ×(D²-d²) ×P×ß
49050=∏/4 ×(D²-28²) ×79.65 X0.3
Spacing between cylinder bore and piston of hydraulic cylinder
A =∏/4 X(D²-d²) x t 7mm
∏/4 ×(59)² = ∏/4 × (59²-28²) × t
(2-d2) × t1
(2 2-282) × t=1.29m
FIG. 2 CROSS SECTION = 59+2×1.29 OF
HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
Di = 61.58mm say 62mm
Therefore radius ri= 62/2=31mm
For SA36 maximum tensile strength is 410MPa
Using Lame’s equa
Ór =b/r² - a
Ób = b/r² + a
For inner radius
111
410 =b (81)² + a+b
394.01×103 = b+961a ………………… (1)
ór= b/ri² - a
2- a
Now ór = 79.65
79.65 = 2 – a
79.65 =
76.54×103 = b- 961a …………………… (2)
Solving equation (1) and equation (2), we get
b= 235275 N
And a= 165.17 N
Thus Lame’s equation becomes
ór = 235275/ r² – 165.17
óc = 235275/r² + 165.17
Therefore stress at outer surface is zero
ór= 0
Therefore ór = 235275/ro² – 165.17
0) = 235275/ro²- 165.17
R0= 37.74 say 38
Therefore outer diameter = d0 = r0×2
D0= 38×2
Therefore = d0= 76mm
Therefore thickness of barrel
T= r0-ri
T =38-31
T= 7mm
3. Oil required for cylinder
Stock volume = 2×stock length
VH =
2×185
VH = 558.528×103= 558528.04mm2
10. CONCLUSION :- Till now we were using the trolley with single way dumping
mechanism. After literature survey it is found that the traditional method used in
trolley consumes a lot of time as well as energy. It also requires trained personnel
for activating the mechanism. So these problems present in traditional method
could be overcome by proposed mechanism. After few modifications, and working
on disadvantages will put this project work in the main league of use. This concept
saves time and may lead to efficient working. The constructional work or the
infrastructural work demands efficient and user friendly machineries which may
lead to more and more use of the present work project.
