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Thermoelectric Transducers PDF

Thermoelectric transducers convert temperature differences into electric voltage and vice versa. The Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects describe the thermoelectric phenomena. Thermocouples, RTDs, and thermistors are common thermoelectric transducers. Thermocouples are inexpensive but least accurate, while RTDs are most accurate but costly. Thermistors have high sensitivity but limited temperature range. Each transducer type has advantages and disadvantages for different temperature measurement applications.

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Amaravathi Potla
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1K views19 pages

Thermoelectric Transducers PDF

Thermoelectric transducers convert temperature differences into electric voltage and vice versa. The Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects describe the thermoelectric phenomena. Thermocouples, RTDs, and thermistors are common thermoelectric transducers. Thermocouples are inexpensive but least accurate, while RTDs are most accurate but costly. Thermistors have high sensitivity but limited temperature range. Each transducer type has advantages and disadvantages for different temperature measurement applications.

Uploaded by

Amaravathi Potla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Thermoelectric Transducers

Urvish Soni
Temperature scales
• Describe working principle of different types
of thermoelectric transducers
• Thermo electric effect
– Seeback effect
– Pletier effect
– Thomson effect
Seeback effect
Peltier
• an effect whereby heat is given out or
absorbed when an electric current passes
across a junction between two materials.
Thomson effect
• Thomson effect is related to the emf that
develops between two parts of the single
metal when they are at different temperature
• Thus thomson effect is the absorption or
evolution of heat along a conductor when
current passes through it when one end of the
conductor is hot and another is cold
Thermocouples
 Two wires of different metal
alloys.
 Converts thermal energy into
electrical energy.
 Requires a temperature
difference between
measuring junction and
reference junction.
 Easy to use and obtain.
Thermocouple extension wires
Thermocouple Applications
 Plastic injection molding
machinery
 Food processing equipment
 Deicing
 Semiconductor processing
 Heat treating
 Medical equipment
 Industrial heat treating
 Packaging equipment
Thermocouples
Advantages Disadvantages

 Simple, Rugged  Least stable, least repeatable


 High temperature operation  Low sensitivity to small
 Low cost temperature changes
 No resistance lead wire  Extension wire must be of
problems the same thermocouple type
 Point temperature sensing  Wire may pick up radiated
 Fastest response to electrical noise if not
temperature changes shielded
 Lowest accuracy
Resistance Temperature Detectors
(RTDs)
 Wire wound and thin film
devices.
 Nearly linear over a wide
range of temperatures.
 Can be made small
enough to have response
times of a fraction of a
second.
 Require an electrical
current to produce a
voltage drop across the
sensor
RTDs
Advantages Disadvantages

• Most stable over time • High cost


• Most accurate • Slowest response time
• Most repeatable • Low sensitivity to small
temperature measurement temperature changes
• Very resistant to • Sensitive to vibration (strains
contamination/ the platinum element wire)
• corrosion of the RTD element • Decalibration if used beyond
sensor’s temperature ratings
• Somewhat fragile
Thermistors
• A semiconductor used as a temperature sensor.
• Mixture of metal oxides pressed into a bead, wafer or other
shape.
• Beads can be very small, less than 1 mm in some cases.
• The resistance decreases as temperature increases, negative
temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor.
Thermistors
• Most are seen in medical
equipment markets.
• Thermistors are also
used are for engine
coolant, oil, and air
temperature
measurement in the
transportation industry.
Thermistors
Advantages Disadvantages
• High sensitivity to • Limited temperature
small temperature range
changes
• Fragile
• Temperature
measurements • Some initial accuracy
become more stable “drift”
with use • Decalibration if used
• Copper or nickel beyond the sensor’s
extension wires can temperature ratings
be used
• Lack of standards for
replacement

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