TUGAS MAKALAH

DI

S
U
S
U
N

OLEH :

ZULFIKAR NOOR
NIM. 34144103

FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN
TAHUN 2019
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Subjunctive is a presupposition sentence. But this Subjunctive topic is different from

Conditional. Conditional is also a sentence of supposition but the difference is that

Conditional is equipped with certain conditions for guessing. For example "I will

invite if I am you." Subjunctives are a hope in the future or a form of remorse of hope

that does not materialize. Therefore we need to explore what the subjunctive will be

discussed in this paper.

B. Problem Formulation

The formulation of the problem to be discussed is as follows:

1. What is the Definition of Subjungtive?

2. What are the Subjuntive Functions?

3. What are the Subjuntive Structures?

4. How to use Subjuntive?

5. What are the Formulas for Using Subjuntives?

C. Purpose of Writing

The purpose of writing this paper is as follows:

1. Students are able to understand Subjuntive.

2. Students are able to understand the Subjuntive Function.

3. Students are able to understand the Structure and Use, as well as the Subjuntive

Formula.

D. Benefits of Writing

1. To find out the meaning of Subjuntive.

2. To find out various Subjuntive Functions and Structures.

3. To find out various Uses and Subjuntive Formulas.

E. Writing Method
The method of researching this paper is to use literature review, namely by reviewing

books that are in accordance with the topic of Subjuntive.

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Subjunctive

Subjunctive is a form of verb that is used to express unreal situations (can be in the

form of conditionals, wishes, as if, as though that are different from reality),

requirements (needs), and suggestions (suggestions). The subjunctive consists of

the present and past which have their own rules of use. The words used in

subjunctive are "wish" (want / expect), "as if / as though" (as if), "would rather"
(prefer), "if only" (if / if only).

Example:

I wish he was here to repair my computer. (I hope he is here to fix the computer.)

If only she was not here. (If he wasn't here)

If only they could speak English. (If they could speak English)

It is desirable that they be on time. (Hopefully they will arrive on time.)

Siti is really like she hasn't eaten for a month. (Siti eats a lot as if she hasn't eaten

a month.)

B. Subjuntive Function

1. As if / as though it is used to state a condition that is not true in reality or fact.

2. Wish, would rather, and if only are used to express a wish or desire.

C. Subjunctive Structure

1. be (present)

In Non-Verbal sentences, all Subjects in the Present Subjunctive use "be", not using
"is’am’are".

I be

you be

he, she, it be

we be

you be

they be

2. be (past)

In the Non-Verbal sentence, all subjects in Past Subjunctives use "were".

I was

you were

he, she, it was

we were
 you were

they were

3. Other verbs (past & present)

All verbs must be in the form of "Infinitive Bare" which is not to get any affixes

such as "s", "es", "ing", or "-ed".

I work

you work

he, she, it works

we work

you work

they work

D. Use of Subjungtive

The use of subjunctives when we talk about an actual activity will not occur. We use

subjunctive when talking about activities that someone, who wants to happen, hopes

to happen, imagine will happen

Example:

The President requests that you be present at the meeting.

It is vital that you be present at the meeting.

If you were at the meeting, the President would be happy.

Subjunctive usually uses the following two structures:

Verbs: ask, command, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest +

that

Expression: it is desirable, essential, important, necessary, vital + that

Example:

The manager insists that the car park is locked at night. (Not: The ... car park is

locked). (The manager hopes that all parking areas are locked at night)

The board of directors recommended that he join the company. (NOT: The ... that's

he could join). (The Board of Directors recommends that he can join the Company)

E. Subjungtive Use Formula

1. Present Subjunctive
The Present Subjunctive is used as a conditional sentence that refers to the present,

so the fact is also in the form of Simple Present Tense.

Wish

Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were

Example: I wish you visited me. (Meaning: I hope you visit me.) (Fact: You don't visit

me.)

As if / As though

Subject (1) + Verb 1 + as if + Subject (2) + Verb2 / were

Example: The girl dresses as if it were summer now. (Meaning: The woman is

dressed as if it were summer.)

(The fact is: it is not summer now.)

Would rather

Subject (1) + would rather + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were

Example: Shelly would rather he told the truth. (Meaning: Shelly prefers her to tell the

truth.)
(In fact: He doesn't tell the truth.)

If only

If only + Subject + Verb 2

Example: If only she knew. (Meaning: If only he knew.)

(The fact is: She doesn't know.)

2. Past Subjunctive

Past Subjunctive is used as a conditional sentence that refers to the past, so the fact

is also in the form of Simple Past Tense.

Wish

Subject (1) + wished + Subject (2) + Had + Verb 3 / been

Example: She wished she had had more time last night. (Meaning: He hopes that he

has more time last night.)

(Fact: She didn’t have more time last night.)

As if / As though

Subject (1) + Verb 2 + as if + Had + Verb 3 / been

Example: Jeff looked as though he had seen a ghost. (Meaning: Jeff looks as if he

has seen a ghost.)

(In fact: He didn’t see a ghost.)

Would rather

Subject (1) + would rather + Subject 2 + Had + Verb 3 / been

Example: I would rather he had been here. (Meaning: I prefer him to be here.)

(Fact: He was not here.)

If only

If only + Subject + Had + Verb 3 / been

Example: Rachel only had not been at home last night (Meaning: If Rachel hadn't

been home last night.)

(In fact: Rachel was at home last night.)

3. Subjunctive Future

The Subjunctive Future is used as a presupposition sentence that refers to the

future, so the fact is also in the form of Simple Future Tense.

Wish

Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Could / Would + Verb 1

Example: I wish you would come to the party tonight. (Meaning: I hope you will come

to the party tonight.)

(The fact: He will not come to the party tonight)

I wish Fatimah could come. (I hope Fatimah can come)

(In fact: Fatimah can't come)

It is Subject (1) + It is + Subject (2) + Could / Would + Verb 1

Example: It's raining. She wishes it would stop. (It's raining. He hopes the rain will

stop)

(Fact: Now it's still raining and hasn't stopped)

CHAPTER III

CONCLUTION

A. Conclution
Subjunctive is a form of verb that is used to express unreal situations (can be in the

form of conditionals, wishes, as if, as though that are different from reality),

requirements (needs), and suggestions (suggestions). The subjunctive consists of

the present and past which have their own rules of use. The words used in

subjunctive are "wish" (want / expect), "as if / as though" (as if), "would rather"

(prefer), "if only" (if / if only).

B. Suggestions

Penuli realized that this paper was far from perfect. Therefore, our constructive

critics and suggestions are highly expected by us for the perfection of this paper.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Betty, Schramfer Azar.1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar. Third

edition.Pearson Education.

Ehrlich, Eugene.2004. Schaum’s Outlines English Grammar. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Keith S. Folse, Elena Vesrti Solomon. 1998. Top 20 Great Grammar For Great Writing.

Second Edition. Matrix Production.

Cliffs TOEFL preparation guide by Michael A. Pyle, M. A. and Mary Ellen Munoz Page,

M. A.

http://ismailmidi.com/english-205-subjunctives.html
 BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang Masalah

Subjunctive merupakan bentuk kalimat pengandaian. Namun topik Subjunctive ini

berbeda dengan Conditional. Conditional merupakan kalimat pengandaian juga

namun perbedaannya adalah Conditional dilengkapi dengan syarat-syarat tertentu

untuk mengandai-andai. Misalnya “Aku akan mengundanya jika aku jadi kam

u.”.Subjunctives adalah sebuah harapan di masa yang akan datang atau bentuk

penyesalan dari harapan yang tak terwujud. Maka dari itu kita perlu mendalami

tentang apa itu subjunctive yang akan di bahas dalam makalah ini.

B. Rumusan Masalah

Adapun perumusan masalah yang akan dibahas adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Apa Pengertian Subjungtive?

2. Apa saja Fungsi Subjuntive?

3. Apa saja Struktur Subjuntive?

4. Bagaimana Penggunaan Subjuntive?

5. Bagaimana Rumus Penggunaan Subjuntive?

C. Tujuan Penulisan

Adapun tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Mahasiswa mampu memahami Subjuntive.

2. Mahasiswa mampu memahami Fungsi Subjuntive.

3. Mahasiswa mampu memahami Struktur dan Penggunaan, serta Rumus

Subjuntive.

D. Manfaat Penulisan

1. Untuk mengetahui pengertian Subjuntive.

2. Untuk mengetahui berbagai Fungsi dan Struktur Subjuntive.

3. Untuk mengetahui berbagai Penggunaan serta Rumus Subjuntive.

E. Metode Penulisan
Metode penuisan makalah ini adalah dengan menggunakan kajian pustaka, yakni

dengan mengkaji buku-buku yang sesuai dengan topik yakni Subjuntive.

BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

A. Pengertian Subjunctiv

Subjunctive adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan

unreal situation (dapat berupa conditional (pengandaian), wish (harapan), as if, as

though yang berbeda dengan kenyataan), requirement (kebutuhan), maupun

suggestion (saran). Subjunctive terdiri dari present dan past yang memiliki aturan
penggunaan masing-masing. Kata-kata yang digunakan dalam subjunctive adalah

“wish” (menginginkan/ mengharapkan), “as if/ as though” (seolah-olah), “would

rather” (lebih suka), “if only” (seandainya/ jika saja).

Contoh:

I wish he were here to repair my computer. (Saya harap dia disini memperbaiki

komputer.)

If only she were not here. (Seandainya dia tidak ada disini)

If only they could speak English. (Seandainya mereka bisa berbicara bahasa

Inggris)

It is desirable that they be on time. (Diharapkan mereka datang tepat waktu.)

Siti eats much as if she had not eaten for a month. (Siti makan banyak

seakan-akan dia sudah tidak makan sebulan.)

B. Fungsi Subjuntive

1. As if/ as though digunakan untuk menyatakan keadaan yang tidak benar

kenyataan atau faktanya.

2. Wish, would rather, dan if only digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu harapan

atau keinginan.

C. Struktur Subjunctive

1. be (present)

Dalam kalimat Non-Verbal, semua Subject dalam Present Subjunctive menggunakan

“be”, tidak menggunakan “is’am’are”.

I be

you be

he, she, it be

we be

you be

they be

2. be (past)
Dalam kalimat Non-Verbal, Semua subject dalam Past Subjunctives memakai “were”.

I were

you were

he, she, it were

we were

you were

they were

3. Kata kerja lain (past & present)

Semua kata kerja harus dalam bentuk “Bare Infinitive” yaitu tidak mendapat

imbuhan apapun seperti “s”, “es”, “ing”, atau “-ed”.

I work

you work

he, she, it work

we work

you work
 they work

D. Penggunaan Subjungtive

Penggunaan subjunctives ketika kita berbicara tentang suatu kegiatan yang

sebenarnya tidak akan terjadi. Kita menggunakan subjunctive ketika berbicara

tentang kegiatan yang seseorang, yang inginkan agar terjadi, harapkan akan terjadi,

membayangkan akan terjadi

Contoh:

The President requests that you be present at the meeting.

It is vital that you be present at the meeting.

If you were at the meeting, the President would be happy.

Subjunctive biasanya menggunakan kedua struktur berikut:

Kata Kerja: ask, command, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest

+ that

Ekspresi: it is desirable, essential, important, necessary, vital + that

Contoh:
 The manager insists that the car park be locked at night. (Bukan: The…car park is

locked). (Manager itu berharap agar semua area parkir dikunci pada malam hari)

The board of directors recommended that he join the company. (BUKAN: Th

e….that he could join). (Dewan DIreksi merekomendasikan agar dia dapat bergabung

dengan Perusahaan)

E. Rumus Penggunaan Subjungtive

1. Present Subjunctive

Present Subjunctive digunakan sebagai kalimat pengandaian yang mengacu pada

masa sekarang, jadi faktanya juga dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense.

Wish

Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were

Contoh : I wish you visited me. (Artinya: Saya berharap kamu mengunjungi saya.)

(Faktanya: You don’t visit me.)

As if /As though
Subject (1) + Verb 1 + as if + Subject (2) + Verb2 / were

Contoh : The girl dresses as if it were summer now. (Artinya: Perempuan itu

berpakaian seolah-olah sekarang musim panas.)

(Faktanya: it is not summer now.)

Would rather

Subject (1) + would rather + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were

Contoh : Shelly would rather he told the truth. (Artinya: Shelly lebih suka dia

mengatakan yang sebenarnya.)

(Faktanya: He doesn’t tell the truth.)

If only

If only + Subject + Verb 2

Contoh : If only she knew. (Artinya: Seandainya dia tau.)

(Faktanya: She doesn’t know.)

2. Past Subjunctive

Past Subjunctive digunakan sebagai kalimat pengandaian yang mengacu pada masa
lampau, jadi faktanya juga dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense.

Wish

Subject (1) + wished + Subject (2) + Had + Verb 3 / been

Contoh : She wished (that) she had had more time last night. (Artinya: Dia berharap

bahwa dia punya waktu lebih kemarin malam.)

(Faktanya: She didn’t have more time last night.)

As if /As though

Subject (1) + Verb 2 + as if + Had + Verb 3 / been

Contoh : Jeff looked as though he had seen a ghost. (Artinya: Jeff terlihat

seolah-olah dia telah melihat hantu.)

(Faktanya: He didn’t see a ghost.)

Would rather

Subject (1) + would rather + Subject 2 + Had + Verb 3 / been

Contoh : I would rather he had been here. (Artinya: Saya lebih suka dia sudah berada

disini.)
(Faktanya: He was not here.)

If only

If only + Subject + Had + Verb 3 / been

Contoh : If only Rachel had not been at home last night (Artinya: Seandainya Rachel

sudah tidak ada di rumah kemarin malam.)

(Faktanya: Rachel was at home last night.)

3. Future Subjunctive

Future Subjunctive digunakan sebagai kalimat pengandaian yang mengacu pada

masa yang akan datang, jadi faktanya juga dalam bentuk Simple Future Tense.

Wish

Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Could / Would + Verb 1

Contoh : I wish you would come to the party tonight.(Artinya: Saya berharap kamu

akan datang ke pesta nanti malam.)

(Faktanya: He will not come to the party tonight)

I wish Fatimah could come. (Saya harap Fatimah bisa datang)

(Faktanya: Fatimah tidak bisa datang)

It is

Subject(1) + It is + Subject(2) + Could / Would + Verb 1

Contoh : It’s raining. She wishes it would stop. (Hari sedang hujan. Dia berharap

hujan akan berhenti)

(Faktanya: Sekarang masih hujan dan belum berhenti).

 BAB II

PENUTUP

A. Kessimpulan

Subjunctive merupakan suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk

mengekspresikan unreal situation (dapat berupa conditional (pengandaian), wish

(harapan), as if, as though yang berbeda dengan kenyataan), requirement

(kebutuhan), maupun suggestion (saran). Subjunctive terdiri dari present dan past

yang memiliki aturan penggunaan masing-masing. Kata-kata yang digunakan dalam

subjunctive adalah “wish” (menginginkan/ mengharapkan), “as if/ as though”

(seolah-olah), “would rather” (lebih suka), “if only” (seandainya/ jika saja).

B. Saran

Penuli menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari kesempurnan. Oleh karena itu,

kritik dan saran dari teman-teman yang bersifat membangun sangat kami harapkan

demi kesempurnaan makalah ini.

 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Betty, Schramfer Azar.1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar. Third

edition.Pearson Education.

Ehrlich, Eugene.2004. Schaum’s Outlines English Grammar. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Keith S. Folse, Elena Vesrti Solomon. 1998. Top 20 Great Grammar For Great Writing.

Second Edition. Matrix Production.

Cliffs TOEFL preparation guide by Michael A. Pyle, M. A. and Mary Ellen Munoz Page,

M. A.

http://ismailmidi.com/english-205-subjunctives.html