AM5390 - ADVANCED SOLID MECHANICS
ASSIGNMENT - 1
1. Verify the identities:
(a) δmm = 3
(b) δmn δmn = 3
(c) um δmn = un
(d) Tmn δmn = Tkk
ax ay az
(e) a × b · c = a · b × c = bx by bz
cx cy cz
2. Write out the following expressions:
(a) ti = Tji nj
(b) e = ekk
(c) 2W = Tij eij
0
(d) T ij = 2Ge0ij
∂Tsr
(e) + ρbr = ρar
∂xs
3. Prove the − δ identity
ijk irs = δjr δks − δjs δkr
4. Show that the second-order tensor aδij , where a is an arbitrary constant, retain its form
under any transformation Qij . This form is then an isotropic second - order tensor.
5. Determine the invariants, principal values, and directions of the matrix
−1 1 0
aij = 1 −1 0
0 0 0
Use the determined principal directions to establish a principal coordinate system, and,
following the procedures in Example 1-2 (Martin H. Sadd-Elasticity first edition), formally
transform (rotate) the given matrix into the principal system to arrive at the appropriate
diagonal form.
6. For the cartesian vector field specified by
u = x1 e1 + x1 x2 e2 + 2x1 x2 x3 e3
calculate 5 · u , 5 × u ,52 u , 5u , tr(5u)
7. A second-order symmetric tensor field is given by
2x1 x1 0
x1 −6x2 1 0
0 0 5x1
1
Using MATLAB(or similar software),investigate the nature of the variation of the principal
values and directions over the interval 1 ≤ x1 ≤ 2. Formally plot the variation of the
absolute value of each principal value over the range 1 ≤ x1 ≤ 2.
8. Determine the strain and rotation tensors eij and ωij for the following displacement field.
u = Axy, v = Bxz 2 , w = C(x2 + y 2 )
where A, B, and C are arbitrary constants.
9. A two dimensional displacement field is given by u = k(x2 + y 2 ) , v = k(2x − y) , w = 0
where k is a constant Determine and plot the deformed shape of a differential rectangular
element originally located with its left bottom corner at the origin as shown. Finally,
calculate the rotation component ωz .
10. For polar coordinates defined by Figure,show that the transformation relations can be
used to determine the normal and shear strain components er ,eθ , and erθ in terms of the
corresponding Cartesian components
ex + ey ex − ey
er = + cos 2θ + exy sin 2θ
2 2
ex + ey ex − ey
eθ = − cos 2θ − exy sin 2θ
2 2
ey − ex
erθ = sin 2θ + exy cos 2θ
2
2
11. A rosette strain gage is an electromechanical device that can measure relative surface
elongations in three [Link] such a device to the surface of a structure allows
determination of elongational strains in particular directions. A schematic of one such
gage is shown in the following figure, and the output of the device will provide data
on the strains along the gage arms a,b, and [Link] one application, it is found that
ea = 0.001,eb = 0.002 and ec = 0.004. Using the two-dimensional strain transformation
relations, calculate the surface strain components ex , ey and exy .
12. Show that the following strain field ex = Ay 3 , ey = Ax3 ,exy = Bxy(x + y), ez = exz =
eyz = 0 gives continuous, single valued displacements in a simply connected region only
if the constants are related by A = 2B/3.
13. Consider the plane deformation of the differential element ABCD defined by polar coordinates
r,θ as shown in the following figure. Using the geometric methods outlined in Section
2.2(Martin H. Sadd-Elasticity first edition), investigate the changes in line lengths and
angles associated with the deformation to a configuration A’B’C’D’, and develop the
strain-displacement relations
3
∂ur
er =
∂r
1 ∂uθ
eθ = ur +
r ∂θ
1 1 ∂ur ∂uθ uθ
erθ = + −
2 r ∂θ ∂r r
