Banana Saps As An Alternative Natural Ink

CHAPTER l

INTRODUCTION

A banana is an edible fruit generated by the Musa genus of several types of big

herbaceous flowering [Link] fruit varies in size, color, and firmness, but is generally

elongated and curved, with smooth, starch-rich flesh covered with a rind that can be green,

yellow, red, violet, or brown when it is mature. Saps are accompanied by this edible fruit;

extremely sticky and can be used as a practical adhesive.

Ink has always been an essential part of our lives. This is primarily used for communication,

writing, duplicating or printing and recording information. Nowadays, ball pens and markers are

greatly used by many people. For students, it is a must-have because you’ll use it every day. But

these ball pens and markers are made of commercial inks that contain different chemical

compounds such as resins and lubricants that bring harmful effects to the health of the users. This

are also made up of mixture of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia.

This study determines the effect how banana saps can be a possible alternative for

natural ink. Often times, rather, most of the time, people just throw away banana peels

instead of recycling them. As cited in the text, the waste material is biodegradable and

compared to other fruits, it decomposes much slower.

and discover other natural alternative inks aside from berries, which is frequently used.

CHAPTER ll

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

I. Books

In the book written by Cuomo (2015), he mentioned that banana is referred as

‘Kalpatharu’ in India which means “a virtuous plant”. This is due to the fact that this plant

has multifaceted uses. Aside from being rich in potassium, it also has a low content value

of salt, cholesterol and fat which provides a more balanced diet.

According to Wee (2015), the sap of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is used as a shoe

polisher or a shoe-blackening product in Jamaica thus, it is called as the “shoe flower”. The

flower of the plant is worn by women to symbolize the civil status of a person in the Pacific

Island. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis in red flower includes highly concentrated of anthocyanins

which have probability as an organic dyes for solar cells (Wong, Lim, and Chan, 2015).

ll. Scientific Journals

The alcoholic extract and bioactive compounds present in the banana peel

haveantidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Kapadia, Pudakalkatt,

and Shivanaikar (2015). Detection of antimicrobial property of banana peel (Musa

An in vitro study. Contemp Clin Dent, 6(4), 496-499. Doi: 10.4103/0976-2376-23X.169864.

The sap of banana plant contain carbohydrates, lignin, tannin and alpha cellulose.

Tannin is recognized as the most important component necessary for mordanting with

natural dyes. Barhanpurkar, Bhat, Kumar, and Purwar (2015). Studies of Banana sap used

as mordant for natural dye. International Journal on Textile Engineering and Processes,

1(4), 56-57.

In order to avoid these potential hazards,finding a non-toxic alternative would be of

great help. Trirat (2015). The Property of Screen Ink from Natural Mordant, Colorant, and

Additive for Art. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(11), 68 -67.

Banana (Musa x paradisiaca) is a plant cultivated in Malaysia, Philippines, and other

tropical countries. It is classified under the genus Musa – a member of the

monocotyledonous family of Musaceae (Simmonds and Shepherd, 2018). The taxonomy

and origins of the cultivated bananas. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 55(359),

302–312. [Link]/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1955.tb00015.x

The fruit is elongated and curved; the flesh is white and soft; while the outer covering

can be purple, green, yellow, or brown when over ripe. Ploetz, Kepler, Daniells and Nelson

(2017). Banana and plantain – an overview with emphasis on Pacific island cultivars. In:

CR Elevitch, ed. Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Permanent Agricultural

Resources, Holualoa, Hawai’i. Retrieved August 30, 2018, from

[Link] -plantain [Link]

lll. Web
Musa ? Paradisiaca and Its Pseudostems

Bananas ( Musa ? Paradisiaca ) are native to tropical Southeast Asia. but have long been

cultivated in many states from Asia to Europe for its fruit and to a lesser extent for its fibre. Banana

is normally mistaken as a tree but it is really a big perennial blossoming herb with leaf sheaths that

form trunk-like pseudostems that grows from a corm. Banana can turn up to 7 metres in tallness

that has approximately 8 – 12 spirally arranged foliages that are up to 2. 7 metres long and 0. 6

metre broad. Banana sap is among the most gluey and obstinate substances on Earth. You will

ne’er acquire it off your apparels. some people say. Banana sap is highly gluey and can be used as

a practical adhesive. Sap can be obtained from the pseudostem. from the fruit desquamations. or

from the fruit flesh. ([Link]

The word banana may refer to (musa x paradisiacal) , or an edible fruit, botanically a berry,

produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. The fruit is

variable in size, color and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in

starch covered with a rind which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. The fruits

grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. Almost all modern edible parthenocarpic

(seedless) bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The

scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, and Musa

×paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic

constitution. The old scientific name Musa sapientum is no longer used. The term “banana” is also

used as the common name for the plants which produce the fruit. banana plant is the largest

herbaceous flowering plant. All the above-ground parts of a banana plant grow from a structure

usually called a “corm”. ([Link]

cultivated in many states from Asia to Europe for its fruit and to a lesser extent for its fibre. Banana

is normally mistaken as a tree but it is really a big perennial blossoming herb with leaf sheaths that

form trunk-like pseudostems that grows from a corm. Banana can turn up to 7 metres in tallness

that has approximately 8 – 12 spirally arranged foliages that are up to 2. 7 metres long and 0. 6

metre broad. Banana sap is among the most gluey and obstinate substances on Earth. You will

ne’er acquire it off your apparels. some people say. Banana sap is highly gluey and can be used as

a practical adhesive. Sap can be obtained from the pseudostem. from the fruit desquamations. or

from the fruit flesh. ([Link]

The word banana may refer to (musa x paradisiacal) , or an edible fruit, botanically a

berry, produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. The

fruit is variable in size, color and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh

rich in starch covered with a rind which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe.

The fruits grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. Almost all modern edible

parthenocarpic (seedless) bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa

balbisiana. The scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa

balbisiana, and Musa ×paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on

their genomic constitution. The old scientific name Musa sapientum is no longer used. The term

“banana” is also used as the common name for the plants which produce the fruit. banana plant is

the largest herbaceous flowering plant. All the above-ground parts of a banana plant grow from a

structure usually called a “corm”. ([Link]

seeds-as-ink/)
as the most important component necessary for mordanting with natural dyes.
 In addition to this, the study conducted by Panighari et al. (2017) in India,

demonstrated antiurolithiatic and antioxidant activity of the banana pseudostem.

However, since William Henry Perkin discovered the synthetic dye mauveine, there

has been a surge in the production of synthetic dyes. This industry became a cause of

serious concern because of the carcinogenic chemicals used during the manufacturing

process, as well as the environmental pollution caused by its toxic by-products (Ratna and

Padhi, 2014). In order to avoid these potential hazards, Trirat (2015), stated that finding a

non-toxic alternative would be of great help.

Banana (Musa x paradisiaca) is a plant cultivated in Malaysia, Philippines, and other

tropical countries. It is classified under the genus Musa – a member of the

monocotyledonous family of Musaceae (Simmonds and Shepherd, 2018). Furthermore, as

described by Ploetz, Kepler, Daniells and Nelson (2017), the fruit is elongated and curved; the

flesh is white and soft; while the outer covering can be purple, green, yellow, or brown when over

ripe.