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Thin Cylinder Strain Analysis Guide

This document provides instructions for conducting an experiment using a thin cylinder apparatus. The objectives are to evaluate the linearity of strain gauges under pressure and determine the elastic properties of the cylinder material. The apparatus consists of an aluminum alloy cylinder with strain gauges that measure strains under varying internal pressures. There are open and closed configurations to study different stress conditions. Six strain gauges are arranged at angles to measure how strain varies. Users are instructed to pressurize the cylinder in increments, record readings, and analyze results by plotting stress-strain relationships to calculate Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio.

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Ashish Verma
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690 views5 pages

Thin Cylinder Strain Analysis Guide

This document provides instructions for conducting an experiment using a thin cylinder apparatus. The objectives are to evaluate the linearity of strain gauges under pressure and determine the elastic properties of the cylinder material. The apparatus consists of an aluminum alloy cylinder with strain gauges that measure strains under varying internal pressures. There are open and closed configurations to study different stress conditions. Six strain gauges are arranged at angles to measure how strain varies. Users are instructed to pressurize the cylinder in increments, record readings, and analyze results by plotting stress-strain relationships to calculate Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio.

Uploaded by

Ashish Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Laboratory Manual

For

Thin Cylinder

Apparatus
1
Thin Cylinder

Objective
• To show the linearity of the strain gauges in the open
and closed end cylinders.
• To evaluate the elastic properties (E, ν) of the cylinder
material.

Apparatus
It consists of a thin walled hollow aluminum alloy cylinder
of inner diameter 80 mm and wall thickness of 3 mm which
is subjected to internal pressure by a manually operated
hydraulic hand pump to pressurize the cylinder, pressure
gauge to indicate pressure developed inside the cylinder,
strain gauges pasted at different orientation with respect to
axis of cylinder on the surface to measure strains, indicate
strains measured by strain gauges in micro-strains.

Open and closed configuration of the cylinder can be


achieved by operating the Knob:
• In open condition the knob is screwed in, it clamps the
free-moving pistons present inside the cylinder. The
frame then takes the axial (longitudinal) stress and not
the cylinder wall, as if the cylinder has no ends. This
allows ‘Open Ends’ experiments
• In closed condition the knob is unscrewed; the pistons
push against caps at the end of the cylinder and it
behaves like a closed cylinder. The cylinder wall then
takes the axial (longitudinal)

There are six strain gauges on the cylinder, arranged at


various angles to allow the study of how the strain varies at
different angles to the axis.
2
Theory
A cylindrical vessel or shell may be thin or thick depending
upon the thickness of the plate in relation to the internal
diameter of the cylinder.

The ratio of d/t = 20 can be considered suitable line of


demarcation between thin and thick cylinders. In thin
cylinders, the stress may be assumed uniformly distributed
over the wall thickness. Boilers, tanks, steam pipes etc. are
usually considered as thin cylinders. Thin cylinders are
frequently required to operate under pressures up to
30MPa or more, for high pressures such as 250MPa or
more, thick walled cylinders are used.

When thin cylinders are subjected to internal fluid


pressures the following types of stresses are developed.

1. Hoop or circumferential stresses - These act in a


tangential direction to the circumference of the shell.

Circumferential or hoop stress,

where,
P = Applied internal pressure, MPa
d = Inside diameter, mm = 80mm
t = thickness of the wall, mm = 3 mm

3
Radial stresses - These stresses act radially and are too
small for a thin cylinder. Hence they can be neglected.

These three stresses are mutually perpendicular to each


other and are principal stresses.

Procedure
1. Switch on the power to the thin cylinder and leave it for
at least five minutes before doing the experiment. This
allows the strain gauges to reach a stable temperature
and gives accurate reading.
2. Pump the hand pump until the pressure is
approximately 50 psi and wait for a few seconds for
readings to stabilize and then record the readings.
3. Carefully increase the pressure in any increments up to
250 psi, but do not exceed a cylinder pressure of 300 psi
4. Open the pressure control to reduce the indicated
pressure back to 0 psi.

4
Analysis of results

1. Plot strain against pressure for all six strain gauges


2. Calculate the direct Hoop stress at each pressure,
and plot Hoop stress against Hoop strain. Slope of the
plot is the young’s modulus of the cylinder material
3. Plot longitudinal strain against hoop stress to
evaluate poison’s ratio of the cylinder material.

Observation

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