ASSIGNMENT SEC 223.
Hoists are powered lifting assistants. They can be used to lift a heavy item or even a person. Hoists
are usually placed overhead and attached to the ceiling, and may have a power supply. They use a
suspension system, sling, and power supply cable. There are many different types of hoist, and it is
important to be aware of how they function before you begin using them.
There are two main types of powered hoist. Portable battery operated hoists have advantages and
disadvantages. These are lightweight, and can be easily detached and moved to enable work on
different tracks. However, if you are using them in different places, you still need the tracks in place
to enable them to work at all the places you require. These are particularly popular in nursing homes
for moving elderly people who may need assistance.
A permanently attached ceiling track hoist is fixed to a ceiling track in one place. It has a powered
lifting mechanism that you can operate continually. These are used in large warehouses or any
place where lifting is performed routinely. Unlike the portable hoist, this type of hoist cannot be
moved and hence does not require constant dismantling.
The main power supply for these hoists comes through the main electricity supply. However, if
the hoist fails to operate, there is sometimes the option of a backup battery supply. If the hoist does
not have this option, then you should be able to operate it manually to lower the heavy item.
Another factor to consider is the type of tracks and suspension for your hoist. You can choose from a
straight or angled track. These basically hoist things in the direction they are set. With angled track
hoists, you can move things around corners and bends. There are also turntable hoists that can
swivel weights completely around.
An X-Y tracking hoist uses two parallel tracks on each side of the room, either on the ceiling or
opposite walls. Hoists of this type can move the weight anywhere in the room as needed. Gantry and
free standing hoists have floor-standing frames. They are particularly useful for people who do not
have much space to maneuver and are sometimes used when moving elderly people in and out of
bed.
Different hoists have different lifting capabilities. Hoists with a powered lifting mechanism take all the
strain of the item and place none on the person operating it. Also remember to check that a hoist has
the lifting capacity you require to move your items. The lifting height range will also vary between
hoists; each has its own maximum height and can usually not be extended.
The hoist's safety aspects are another important factor. Does it have an automatic cut off switch?
This will enable quick power cut off if there is an emergency. Is there a battery back-up supply or
wind down option, in case of power failure? All of these factors should be checked be before buying
or operating a hoist.
sec 223 ASSIGNMENT (MR ODEDEDE).
Types of Hoists
Written by Mark Pendergast
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A hoist is a mechanical device that lifts, lowers or transports objects by means of a cable which wraps around a
wheel. Passing the cable through the wheel gains a mechanical advantage which enables the hoist to lift heavy
objects with comparative ease. Hoists receive extensive use in industry, auto repair and caring for the disabled.
Various types of hoists, with different kinds of cable and different power sources exist, since hoists serve many
purposes.
Chain Hoists
Chain hoists use metal interlocking chains for the cable or lifting mechanism. Chain hoists are the
most popular type of hoists for lifting objects 7.5 tons or less. For loads heavier than this, another
type of lifting mechanism, wire rope, is more common. Chain hoists generally require less
maintenance, and chain can last 30 times longer than wire rope.
Wire Rope
Wire rope is the other prevalent type of cable used in hoists. Wire rope consists of individual strands
of wire wrapped around a core. Wire rope is usually made from carbon steel, and hoists with this
type of cable are often used to lift heavier loads than chain hoists lift. Wire rope hoists also have
faster lifting speeds than chain hoists, although, on the down side, they are also more expensive.
Manual Hoist
Hoists also have different power sources as along with different types of cable. The oldest type of
hoist, one that has been used for may centuries is the manual hoist. Humans, animals, even water
are power sources for manual hoists; however, although some manual hoists remain in use,
generally they have been superseded by more powerful motor powered devices.
Electric
Electric powered hoists are the most common hoists in use today. Since one person can operate an
electric hoist, and an electric hoist can do the work of many employees, many businesses use them
as a cost saving device. An electric hoist might be industrial strength for use in manufactured
housing, lumber mills and plastic manufacturing or a smaller, portable device that can assist in
moving the elderly and disabled.
Pneumatic hoists
Pneumatic hoists or air powered hoists offer some advantages over electric powered hoists. They
can weigh 40 per cent to 50 per cent less than electric hoists, making them easier to install, and
typically are simpler to repair. They do not pose a risk of electric shock if the power cord is damaged
and can tolerate higher temperatures. Pneumatic hoists have greater resistance to dirt, dampness
and weather than electric hoists and do not need surge protectors to guard against voltage spikes. A
disadvantage of air powered hoists is that speed and position control is more difficult.
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Familiarization - Hoist and Types of Cranes
By Cynthia Olga
Not all people are familiar with hoists and cranes, but they are,
practically, lifting equipments. Construction industries use different kinds
of hoists and cranes everyday to alleviate the burden in lifting heavy
materials. By using these special equipments, their 'lifting' tasks will be
finished effortlessly, saving time and energy. To have a better
understanding of these things, you should know what hoist and cranes
are, and how it is being used.
A hoist is a helpful device that is used for lifting/lowering loads. This is
usually done by means of a barrel or a drum where a chain or a rope can
be wrapped around. A hoist can be manually or electrically operated, it
can also be pneumatically driven using a chain and wire/fiber rope as
lifting medium.
Cranes are used commonly in construction/ manufacturing industry.
These are temporary structures, and is either fixed or mounted. Cranes
are usually operator-controlled and some of them are operated by using
a push-button control-station or a radio/infrared remote control.
Cranes have several types, to name are:
- Telescopic crane has a boom consisting of different fitted-tubes that
resides inside each other. The tube retracts or extends by hydraulic
mechanism that increases or decreases the main boom's length.
- Tower crane is fixed to the ground. The combination of lifting capacity
and height are great characteristics of a tower crane. It is used for
building skyscrapers and tall buildings.
- Rough-terrain cranes are mounted usually on an undercarriage with 4
rubber tires designed for carry and pick up operations.
- Truck-mounted cranes are mounted on a rubber-tire truck. The truck
drives around to achieve maximum portability.
- The crawler crane is a mounted crane that has its own set of tracks that
provides mobility and stability.
- Loader cranes are used for loading or unloading goods; this is fitted to
a trailer. It has different jointed-sections that can be folded when the
crane is not in use.
- Suspended or overhead crane are usually mounted on the assembly
area's side. It has a hoist on a trolley, moving is a certain direction at a
right angle along 1 or 2 beams.
- A stacker crane has a similar mechanism as that of a forklift. It is being
used in automated warehouses, most especially in hazardous
environments so that workers don't need to tolerate such harsh
conditions.
Hoists and cranes are tremendous-aids in safe and efficient lifting and/or
material-handling operations. Hoists and cranes are properly engineered
for a powerful, reliable and efficient operation.
These powerful lifting equipments need proper maintenance, in order to
provide excellent and reliable service. Proper selection is essential
before making any critical decision. When purchasing hoists and crane
products, answer the following questions before you place an order:
1. What type of lower or upper hook do you need?
2. What are you lifting or moving?
3. Is overhead protection or indicator required?
4. How much is the weight of the load?
5. How much lifting is required
6. Do you need a short or a long handle?
If you are able to answer the following questions, now is the time to look
for hoists and crane suppliers. There are a lot of manufacturers available
in the market ready to provide the equipment you need. You can choose
from the best lifting-equipment providers.
Consider costs but not to the extent of sacrificing the quality of the
equipment. Safety in the workplace should be your number one concern.
If you buy low quality equipments, chances are they won't last long or
can even cause accidents.
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Drum hoist[edit]
A drum hoist and motor
Drum hoists are the most common type of hoist used in North America, South Africa andSouth America.
When using a drum hoist the hoisting cable is wound around the drum when the conveyance is lifted.
Single-drum hoists can be used in smaller applications, however double-drum hoists easily allow the
hoisting of two conveyances in balance (i.e. one skip being lifted while a second skip is being
lowered).[1] Drum hoists are mounted on concrete within a hoistroom, the hoisting ropes run from the
drum, up to the top of the headframe, over asheave wheel and down where they connect to the
conveyance (cage or skip).
Advantages[edit]
Drum hoists require less routine maintenance than a friction hoist, because the haulage cable is fixed to
the drum, and therefore have less downtime, and the maintenance regime is less sophisticated. Drum
hoists can continue to operate if the shaft bottom gets flooded and less shaft depth is required below the
loading pocket, unlike friction hoists where such flooding could cover the tail ropes etc. Because drum
hoists do not have tail ropes, the hoisting system is more suited to slingingbeneath a conveyance.[2]
Disadvantages[edit]
Drum hoists take up more space than a friction hoist for the same service as all of the haulage cable must
be accommodated on the drum when the hoist is fully raised. Drum hoists require rapid fluctuations in
power demand, which can pose a problem if power is generated on site rather than provided through the
main power grid.[2]
Friction hoist[edit]
A headframe housing a friction hoist
Friction (or Koepe)[3] hoists are the most common type of hoist used in Europe, Asia and Australia[1]. The
friction hoist was invented in 1877 by Frederick Kope.[4] Friction hoists are mounted on the ground above
the mine shaft, or at the top of the headframe. Friction hoists utilize tail ropes and counterweightsand do
not have the haulage rope fixed to the wheel, but instead passed around it. The tailropes and weights
offset the need for the motor to overcome the weight of the conveyance and hoisting rope, thereby
reducing the required horsepower of the hoisting motor by up to 30%, with the overall power consumption
remaining the same. Friction hoists, unlike drum hoists, can and normally do use multiple ropes giving
them a larger payload capacity, however since they require a larger safety factor, they are impractical for
very deep shafts.[3]
Advantages[edit]
New friction hoists are less expensive than new drum hoists, and the lead time for delivery may be shorter
as there is more competition for manufacturing. Multi-rope friction hoists have a larger lift capacity than a
drum hoist. A friction hoist is smaller in diameter than a drum hoist for the same service, making it easier
to ship and install than a drum hoist.[2]
Disadvantages[edit]
Balanced friction hoists are not suitable for hoisting from multiple loading pockets on different horizons
within a shaft, and are generally not suitable for deep shafts. Friction hoists can not operate at normal
speeds if the shaft bottom is flooded and water reaches the tail ropes. [2]
Blair multi-rope hoist[edit]
The Blair multi-rope hoist is a variation of the double-drum hoist. It is used in extremely deep shafts as the
second drums cable are used to balance the primary load.[1]
Examples of hoists[edit]
Examples of hoists
Single-drum hoist
Double-drum hoist
Friction (Koepe) hoist
Blair-multi rope hoist
Conical drum
Spiral drum
