Mathematics in the Modern World – UNIT 4
Data Management
Prepared by:
Asst. Prof. Xandro Alexi A. Nieto, M.Stat., M.Ed.(Math)
for the use of:
Mathematics & Physics Department
University of Santo Tomas
What is Statistics?
• a discipline concerned with the analysis of data and
decision making based upon data
• involves collecting, organizing, summarizing, and presenting
and presenting data
• a solid edifice of mathematical theorems proven through
unassailable laws of logic.
Why do we need to study Statistics?
• In medical sciences, to determine the efficacy of a drug.
“Medical
students may
not like statistics,
but as doctors
they will.”
Martin
Bland
Why do we need to study Statistics?
• In business and economics, Statistics is used in forecasting.
• Even for our daily lives, temperature forecasts use Statistics.
Why do we need to study Statistics?
• In psychology, Statistics is also used.
Why do we need to study Statistics?
• Even in sports, Statistics is also used.
Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics
￮ Descriptive statistics involves methods of organizing,
summarizing and presenting data
Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics
￮ Inferential statistics involves methods of using
information from a sample to draw conclusions about
the population
Population vs. Sample
￮ Population refers to all the members of the subject of interest
• Result: PARAMETER
￮ Sample refers to selected the members of the subject of interest
• Result: STATISTICS
Population vs. Sample
STATISTICS
i s a n e s t i m a t e o f t h e
PARAMETER .
Variables vs. Constants
VARIABLES are to measured.
while
CONSTANTS are fixed.
In the given scenarios, identify the following:
Population & Samples
Parameter & Statistics
Variables & Constants
Scenario 1
￮ When all UST freshmen
students were asked, it was
found that, on the average,
they sleep for only 3.7 hours
per day during exam week.
￮ But from a thirty (30)
randomly selected UST
freshmen students, it was
found to be 3.6 hours per
day.
Scenario 2
￮ From 100 randomly selected
residents of Calabarzon, it was
found that 13% of them had Dengue
fever in 2016. But according to DOH
National Epidemiology Center
(NEC), 11.9% of Filipinos had
Dengue fever in 2016.
Scenario 3
￮ 5% of Asian men suffers
from red-green color
blindness. From 250
randomly selected men
in the Philippines, it was
found that 3% suffers
from this type of color
blindness.
Parameter: 3.7 hours Parameter: 11.9% Parameter: 5%
Statistics: 3.6 hours Statistics: 13% Statistics: 3%
STATISTICS
i s a n e s t i m a t e o f t h e
PARAMETER .
Data Presentation
Textual
Results are presented in declarative form.
Source: Source:
Gómez, M. (2012). The Academic Use of Social Networks among University Ogunfowora, B., & Drapeau, M. (2008). Comparing counseling and clinical psychology
Students/El uso académico de las redes sociales en universitarios. Comunicar (English practitioners: Similarities and differences on theoretical orientations revisited.
edition), 19(38), 131-138. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 30(2), 93-103.
Data Presentation
Tabular
Results are tables, composed of rows and columns.
Source:
Pierce, R., & Fox, J. (2012). Vodcasts and active-learning exercises in a “flipped
classroom” model of a renal pharmacotherapy module. American journal of
pharmaceutical education, 76(10), 196.
Source:
Branden, E., Wallgren, S., Högberg, H., & Koyi, H. (2014). Computer tomography-
guided core biopsies in a county hospital in Sweden: Complication rate and diagnostic
yield. Annals of thoracic medicine, 9(3), 149.
Data Presentation
Graphical
Results are presented in diagrams
Source: Source: Source:
Wei, J., Xiong, Z., Lee, J. B., Cheng, J., Duffney, L. J., Matas, E., & Jansen, A., & Horn, P. (2009, January). Are female and postgraduate http://churchillcoalition.weebly.com/tobacc
Yan, Z. (2016). Histone modification of Nedd4 ubiquitin ligase teaching assistants more effective? An investigation of how the o.html
controls the loss of AMPA receptors and cognitive impairment gender and experience of teaching assistants affect students'
induced by repeated stress. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(7), 2119- performance. In ASSA Meetings, San Francisco, USA (pp. 2-5).
2130.
Types of Graphs
Line Graphs
To observe gaps between categories
per unit of time
To observe trends
Source: https://www.rappler.com/business/1166-ph-economy-under-aquino-slows-down-to-3-7-in-2011
Types of Graphs
Pie Graphs
To describe parts of a whole
Source:
http://churchillcoalition.weebly.com/tobacco.html
Types of Graphs
Scatterplots
describes the relationship of
two quantitative variables
Types of Graphs
Statistical Maps
presents statistical information
with respect to geographical
location
Types of Graphs
Other graphs
Population Pyramid
Pictogram
Types of Graphs
Other graphs
violinplot
boxplot
Quantitative vs Qualitative variables
Quantitative
are in numerical form
Qualitative
are textual form
Levels of Measurement
Ratio
Quantitative
Interval
Qualitative Ordinal
Nominal
Levels of Measurement
Categorical variable with no order 28
Examples
29
Gender, Nationality, Eye color 29
END OF UNIT 4.1
