HARDWARE USED:-
1.4 GB RAM
2.20 GB-Hard disk
3. Mouse, Key board etc
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:-
CATIA.
MATERIALS:
Medium carbon alloy steel.
Production process
Drop forging and machining.
DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR CAM SHAFT:-
If
1. 2 cams are available in between two journals (or)
supports of cam shaft=camshaft dia dc = 0.3 B
2. 4 cams are available in between two journals (or) supports of cam shaft=camshaft dia dc =
0.35 B
3.8cams are available in between two journals (or)supports of cam shaft=camshaft dia dc = 0.4 B
Assume,
Maximum permissible deflection of the cam shaft under input load due to valve opening
= 0.075 mm
we know that,
y =PL3 / 6 EI [2x4 + 2x2 - 4x3]
Where
P = maximum impact load
L = distance between center of two journals
E = young’s modulus
I = moment of inertia of the cam shaft
= / 64 (Dc) 4
x = xL / L
xL = calculate from crank shaft diagram
L = calculate from crank shaft diagram
From crank shaft diagram
L = [(front main journal length of crank shaft / 2) + (flange thickness) + (thickness
1
Of Short crank arm) + (flange thickness) + (length of first crank pin / 2) +
(C.D) + (Length of second crank pin / 2) + (flange thickness) + (thickness of
Short crank arm) + (flange thickness) + (length of intermediate main journal of
Crankshaft / 2)]
Assumption:
Center of the front journal of crank shaft lies on the center of the front journal of cam
shaft (length wise)
Similarly center of the intermediate journals of the crankshaft and cam shaft lies on the
same axis.
Similarly center of the rear journal of the crankshaft and cam shaft lies on the same axis
Center of the crank pin (length wise)must be the center of the cylinder bore
L1 = distance between the center of the front to main journal of the crank shaft and
intermediate main journal of the crank shaft
L2 = distance between the center of the intermediate journal and rear main journal of
the crank shaft
X L1 = distance between the center of the front journal of the cam shaft and center
of the exhaust cam of the second cylinder.
XL1= L1 - [Intermediate journal length of crank shaft / 2 + (flange thickness) +
(Thickness of short crank arm) + (flange thickness) + crank pin length / 2 –
5 – Exhaust valve head / 2]
XL2 = distance between the center of the front journal of the cam shaft and center of
the exhaust cam of the third cylinder.
C.D = the center distance between two crank pins
C.D = B / 2 + t + (water jacket thickness) + t + B / 2
DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR CAM PROFILE:
1. Thickness of piston bead (or) crown is calculated from the strength and beat
dissipation consideration.
Cam profile is usually constructed in complaints with the chosen law of profile formation
.In order to obtain cams relatively simple to manufacture modern tractor and automotive engines
the following types of cams.
1. Convex
2. Tanqential
3. Concave
4. Harmonic
A tangential cam profile is formed by means of 2 st lines which is tangential to the base
circle of radius (or) a + points A and A' and arc having radius (r2)
1. The cam profile is constructed, starting with a lease circle. Its radius is chosen to meet the
requirement of providing enough rigidity of the valve gear with in the limits.
Vo = (1.5 to 2.5) hv max
2. The valve of camshaft angle is determined by selected valve timing
= For 4 stroke engine
Where
= Advance angle
= Angle of retarded closing
Point A & A' are the point at which the valve starts its opening and closing.
Point B is found by the valve of max follower lift
3. Neglecting last motion, if any while with over bead valve engines and the used of rocker arm.
Where,
lf & lv are the length of rocker arm to the follower and valve respectively.
(lf / lv)= 0.5 to 0.96
4. The cam nose radius is given by
To provide a clearance in the valve gear. The cam beal is made to radius less than the
radius to by the valve of the clearance is rc =ro – s
The valve of and an elastic deformation of the valve gear
= 0.25 - 0.35 mm for inlet
= 0.35 - 0.5 for exhaust
Conjugating the circle of radius rc should have to having radius r1 and st lines of
tangential lines is parabola arc have certain radii
Cam width 0.9(dia of cylinder hole) mm
Outer diameter of cam shaft=2 x ro+ 2 mm
Inner diameter of cam shaft =>10mm is used for calculating lubricating oil to the cams and to
ensure sufficient rigidity.
DRAWING PROCEDURE:-
After opening the drawing file, the limits are used.
According to the design, the drawing of the camshaft is drawn using, line, filler
are used region is created.
The cam shaft is drawn in 3D and dimensioned
The finished drawing is saved in drawing files.
DESIGN OF TAPPET:
Minimum foot diameter:-
Minimum foot radius,
R1= √ (Wc /2)2 + (Rf - Rb) 2 sin 2
RESULT:-
Thus the designs of camshaft using design procedure and drawing using CATIA
