JURISPRUDENCE

Project Report on the case of

By:

T.M.Mohamed Ansar

Reg. No :

Bachelors Degree in Law

LLU -6813 ( Jurisprudence ) - Final Report

Department of the Legal Studies

Faculty of Humanitarian and Social Sciences

The Open University of Srilanka

20th September 2019

JURISPRUDENCE

Project Report on the case of

By:

T.M.Mohamed Ansar

Reg. No :

Undergraduate Final Project Report on Jurisprudence submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the Degree in Bachelor of Law in Department of Legal Studies

Open University of Srilanka

Case

Date of Submission

20th September 2019

ed;wpAiu

rl;ltpay; ghlg;guPl;rpg;gpw;fhd fl;lha nraw;ghlhd ,e;j nraw;jpl;l mwpf;ifapid Fwpfpa fhyg;gFjpf;Fs;

tpiuthf nra;J Kbg;gjw;F JizGupe;j ,iwtDf;F Kjw;fz; vdJ ed;wpapid njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;. mj;NjhL
rl;ltpay; ghlj;jpy; ,j;jifa nraw;jpl;l mwpf;fifapid jahupg;gjw;fhd mbg;gil mwpTWj;jy;fis toq;fpa rl;l gPl
jiytH kw;Wk; tpupTiuahsHfSf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpfis njuptj;Jf;fhs;fpNwd;. mj;NjhL Nkw;gb
nraw;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd tof;fpid toq;fpaNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ ,J njhlHghd topfhl;ly; kw;Wk; Njitahd Mtzq;fis
toq;fpAjtpa rl;lj;juzp SHM wp];tp mtHfSf;Fk; vdJ kdkhHe;j ed;wpfis njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;.
mj;NjhL ,r;nraw;jpl;l mwpf;fpapid jahupg;gjw;fhd topfhl;ly; kw;Wk; khjpup njhlHgpy; cjtpa
vk;.vk;.vk;.[yPy; mtHfSf;Fk; kw;Wk; Vida tFg;Gj;NjhoHfSf;Fk; vdJ kdkhHe;j ed;wpfis
njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;.

up.vk;.vk;. md;\hH
gjpT ,y :
Kd;Diu
rl;lj;Jiu khztd; vd;w tifapy; rl;lk; mJ vt;thW tuyhw;Wj;njhlupy; tsHe;J te;Js;sJ> rl;lk; vt;thW
ngwg;gl;lJ> mJ vt;thW gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; vt;thW gpuNahfpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w njsptpid
rl;ltpay; ghlk; njspthf fw;Wj;jUfpwJ. me;j mbg;gilapy; ,e;j nraw;jpl;l jahupg;gpd; NghJ gpuNahf
uPjpahf xU Fw;wj;jpid vt;thW mZFtJ vt;thW mZfNtz;Lk;
rl;ltpay;> rl;lk; kw;Wk; ,ay; vd;Dk; nrhw;fspd; Nru;f;ifapdhy; cUthfpwJ. r%ftpay;> Ntjpapay;
Mfpadg; Nghd;W rl;lj;ij gw;wpa mwptpay; gpupT rl;ltpay; vd mwpag;gLfpwJ. ,J Mq;fpyr; nrhy;yhd
(Jurisprudence) vd;gjpd; nkhopahf;fkhFk;. ,J tpjp my;yJ rl;lk; vd;W nghUs;gLk; juris> kw;Wk;
mwpT vd;W nghUs;gLk; prudentia Mfpa yj;jPd; nrhw;fspd; ,izg;ghy; Njhd;wpajhFk;.
rl;ltpay; vDk; nrhy;yhly; gy fhyq;fspy; gy Gupjy;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. rpy rkaq;fspy; "rl;lk;"
vd;gjw;fhd xj;jr; nrhy;yhfTk;> rpy rkaq;fspy; rl;l jj;Jttpay; vd;Wk;> rpy rkaq;fspy; rl;l mwptpay;
vd;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. jw;NghJ rl;ltpay; vd;gjw;F khw;whf "rl;l Njw;wk;"(legal theory)
vd;W gad;gLj;Jk; Kiw gutyhfp tUfpd;wJ. rl;ltpayhsu;fs; rl;ltpaiy gpd;tUkhW tiuaWj;Jf; $wpAs;sdu;.

Austin: rl;ltpay; vd;gJ> >jd; %y newpfs; my;yJ $w;Wf;fis Ma;T nra;jpl ifahSk; rl;lj;jpd; mwptpay;
Holland: rl;ltpay; vd;gJ> Neu;kiwr; rl;lj;jpd; Kiwg;gbahd mwptpay;
Salmond: rl;lj;jpd; Kjw; newpfspd; mwptpay;
Keeton: rl;lj;jpd; nghJ newpfspd; Kiwahd xOq;fikT kw;Wk; gbg;G
Dr. Allen : rl;lj;jpd; >d;wpaika newpfspd; mwptpaw;G+u;t njhFg;gpak;
rl;ltpay; xU r%f mwptpayhFk;. r%f mwptpay; kdpj tho;tpay; newpNahL njhlu;Gw;wjhFk;> kw;Wk;
NjitfSf;Fk; tUk;gbfSf;Fk; Vw;whw;Nghy; kdpj nray;ghLfis xOq;Fg; gLj;JtJk; MFk;. r%f
mwptpayhsu;fs;> r%f NjitfSf;fhf kdpjd; ve;j Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F gjpyspf;fTk;> kdpj
elj;ijf;F Vw;w tpjpKiwfis toq;fTk; Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. rl;lq;fs; murpay; mjpfhu mikg;Gfshy;
elg;gpyhf;fg;gLk; kdpj elj;ij tpjpfshFk;. Mifahy; rl;ltpay; rl;lk; gbg;gtu;fSf;F xU r%f mwptpayhfNt
mwpKfkhfpwJ. ,J rl;lr; R+o;epiyf;F Vw;g r%fj;jpy; kdpj nray;ghLfis ifahSfpwJ.

rl;ltpaiy nghJthd rl;ltpay; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l rl;ltpay; vd;Wk; tifg;gLj;jyhk;..

nghJthd rl;ltpay; (General Jurisprudence)
rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilf; fhuzpfspy; vit cyfpd; vy;yh rl;l mikg;GfSf;Fk; nghJthf fUjg;gLfpwNjh mit
rhu;e;jjhFk; nghJthd rl;ltpay;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> xU rl;l mikg;gpy; jpUl;L kuz jz;lidf;Fwpa nrayhf
fUjg;glyhk;> kw;nwhU rl;l mikg;gpy; jpUl;L rpiwj; jz;lidf;Fwpa nrayhf fUjg;glyhk;> Mdhy; ,uz;L rl;l
mikg;gpYk; jpUl;L xU jz;lidf;Fwpa Fw;wkhFk;. ,e;j rl;ltpay; gFjpfis rupahfg; gupNrhjpj;jhy;>
rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilf; fhuzpfspy; vit vy;yhk; midj;J rl;l mikg;GfSf;Fk; nghJthfpwNjh mitfNs nghJthd
rl;ltpay;.

Fwpg;gpl;l rl;ltpay; (Particular Jurisprudence)

Fwpg;gpl;l rl;l mikg;Gfspd; rpwg;gk;rk; gw;wpajhFk; Fwpg;gpl;l rl;ltpay;. rl;lj;jpd; tsu;r;rpapy;
fhuzf; fhupaq;fs;> mwnewp> mDgt mwpT Nghd;w rpy mbg;gilf; fhuzpfs; Kf;fpakhdjhf
fUjg;gLfpwJ.

rl;ltpaypd; fUg;nghUs;

newp> ePjp> ehL MfpaitNa rl;ltpaypd; fUg;nghUshf cs;sJ.

newp (Law in General)

"newp> mjd; gue;j kw;Wk; kpfg;nghJthd Gydwptpy; eltbf;iff;fhd tpjpKiwiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ. kw;Wk;
gFj;jwpthdNjh my;yhjNjh> capNuhl;lkhdNjh my;yhjNjh VJthapDk; mizj;Jtpjkhd eltbf;iffSf;Fk;
ghFghbd;wp nghUe;jf;$bajhFk;" vd;W Blackstone tiuaWf;fpwhu; newpia. Salmondd; $w;wpd;gb>
,e;j tiuaiw ePjpkd;wj;jpy; epu;tfpf;fg;gLk; rl;lj;ij kl;Lk; cl;nfhs;stpy;iy> GtpaPu;g;G newp> ,yf;fz
newp> ,ir newp Nghd;w gytpjkhd kw;w newpfisAk; cl;gLj;jpajhFk;. rhy;kz;l; ,e;j tiuaiwapd; fPo;
rl;lj;ij ,ay; newp> El;g newp> kuG newp> tof;f newp> Njrq;fSf;fpilahd newp> ,aw;if newp>
Njrj;jpw;fhd newp vd tifg;gLj;Jfpwhu;.

,ay; newp (Physical Law) : ,J mwptpay; tpjpahFk;. mjhtJ GtpaPu;g;G newp Nghd;w ,aw;if
nray;ghl;il ftdpg;gjdhy; ,J cl;nfhs;g;gLfpwJ. kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; newpfs; Neuj;jpw;F Neuk;
khWgl;lhYk; ,j;jifa newpfs; khWtjpy;iy.

El;g newp (Technical Law) : Fwpg;gpl;l jhf;fj;ij miltjw;fhd newpKiwfNs ,j;jifa newpfs;. ,uz;Lld; ,uz;il
$l;bdhy; ehd;F vd;gJ Nghy. ehk; jPu;khdpj;j jhf;fj;ij miltjw;F ehk; vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk; vdf;$WtjhFk;
,J. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ,ir newp.

kugpa newp (Customary Law) : xU rKjhaj;jpduhy; filgpbf;fg;gLk; kuGfs;

tof;f newp (Conventional Law) : jk;kpy;jk;kpy; njhlu;gpw;fhd epge;jidfSld; njhlu;Gw;wjhFk; ,J.

kw;Wk; ,ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;l ahtUf;Fk; ,J ghjfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> rq;fj;jpNyh> $l;L epWtdj;jpNyh
cWg;gpdu;fshy; cUthf;fg;gLk; newpKiwfSk; Jizr; rl;lq;fSkhFk;. kw;Wk; mj;jifa newpfs; ,jpy;
gq;Nfw;Ws;s midtUf;Fk; ghjfkhFk;.

Njrq;fSf;fpilahd newp (International law) : ,JTk; tof;f newpapd; fPo; tUtjhFk;. ehLfshy;
jq;fSf;fpilahd elj;ij tpjpKiwfshf Vw;Wf;nfhs;gitahFk; ,J.
fl;lis newp (imperative law) : Nkyhsu;fshy; nfhz;Ltug;gLk; elj;ij newpKiwfs;> mJ gpd;gw;wg;glhj
R+o;epiyapy; mkyhf;fk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,j;jifa newpfs; nghJkf;fspd; xj;Jiog;NghL
elg;gpyhf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; my;y.

mw newp (Natural law) : nghJthd cupikfs; my;yJ ePjp vy;yhj;juj;jpy;gl;l khdplu;fSf;Fk;

fpilg;gjw;fhd mikg;G Kiwiag; nghJthf Fwpg;gpLtjw;F gad;gLk; $w;whFk; "mw my;yJ ,aw;if newp".

Njr newp (Civil Law) : xU ehl;bd; Fbkf;fSf;F ghjfkhFk; mizj;J newpfSk; MFk; ,J. ,itfNs
ePjpkd;wj;jpy; epu;tfpf;fg;gLk; newpfshFk;. ,JNt rl;ltpaypy; "rl;lk;" vd;wr; nrhy;yhf mwpag;gLfpwJ.
rhy;kz;l; "ehl;bd; my;yJ epyj;jpd; rl;lk;> tof;fwpQu; rl;lk;> ePjpkd;wr; rl;lk;" vd tiuaWf;fpwhu;.

ePjp> epiyj;jd;ik kw;Wk; mikjp Mfpatw;iw NgzTk;> xOq;fhd khw;wj;ij r%fj;jpy; Vw;gLj;JtJNk
rl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa NjitAk; gzpAk; MFk;.
ePjp (Justice)

ehl;bd; Kf;fpa gzpfspy; xd;W ePjp epu;thfkhFk;. rl;lk; ePjpf;fhd xU fUtpahFk;. ve;j xU etPd
ehl;bYk; mjd; ePjpg; gzpfSf;fhd topf;fhl;lYf;F mjpfhug;gLj;jg;gl;l tpjpKiwfs; fhzg;gLfpwJ. rl;lj;jpd;
gbNa ePjp toq;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gjdhy; ePjpkd;wq;fNs (court of justice) rl;lkd;wq;fshfTk; (court of law)
cs;sd. rl;lj;jpd; ,ay;NghL ePjp epu;thf gad;ghl;by; ePjp> mw ePjp (Natural or Moral Justice)
vd;Wk; rl;l ePjp (Legal Justice) vd;Wk; gpupf;fg;gLfpwJ. rl;l ePjp ehl;bd; Neu;kiw tpjpfspdhy;
toq;fg;gLk; ePjpiaf; Fwpf;Fk; kw;Wk; ePjp mwnewpapd; gb toq;fg;gLfpwNjh mg;NghJ mw ePjp
vOfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;by;> rl;l ePjpNa mw ePjpiatpl Nkk;gl;ljhFk;.
ehL (The State)

rl;lk; vd;w vz;zj;jpd; xU Kid ePjpNahridAlDk; kWKid ehl;bd; mikg;G KiwAlDk; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mifahy;> rl;l ,ay;gpd; gFg;gha;tpy; fz;bg;ghf ehl;bd; xOq;fikg;gpd; kPjhd Muha;jy; cl;gLfpwJ.
"ehL" vd;W mwpag;gLk; Xu; mikg;gpy; rl;lj;jpd; gq;F ve;j xU etPd r%fj;jpYk; Kd;djhfNt epu;zak;
nra;ag;gl;L ,Uf;fpwJ. ehL vd;gij rupahf tiuaWj;Jf; $WtJ fbdkhd xd;whFk;.

N`hy;yhz;l; "xU tho;tplkhf Vuhskhd kdpj ,dj;jtuhy; nghJthf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l Xu; Ml;rpepyk;" vd
tiuaiw nra;fpwhu;. gpd;tUgitfNs xU ehl;by; cl;gLtjhFk;.

Xu; Ml;rpepyk; : G+kpapd; VNjDk; xU epyg;gFjpapd; fl;Lg;ghL xU ehl;bw;F NjitahFk;. rhy;kz;bd;

$w;wpd;gb etPd fhyj;jpy; Ml;rpepykpd;wp xU ehL miktJ mupjhFk; vd;gjdhy; Ml;rpepyj;ij ehl;bd;
Kf;fpa $whf fUj Ntz;lhk;.
ngUk; [dj;njhif : xU gFjp ehL vd miof;fg;gl Ntz;Lkhdhy; mq;F xU ngUk; [dj;njhif fhzg;glNtz;Lk;.

epiyahd fl;likg;G : ehNlhd;Wf;F fz;bg;ghf epiyahd fl;likg;G Ntz;bajhFk;. [dq;fspd; nray;ghl;il

xUikg;gLj;jTk;> mtu;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtij ikag;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,J Kf;fpakhFk;.

Xu; muR : elg;gpyhf;fTk;> fl;Lg;gLj;jTk;> ehl;bd; ve;j xU gzpiaAk; Mw;wTk; ehl;bd;

mjpfhug;gLj;jg;gl;l mikg;Ng Xu; muR vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. rl;lkpaw;wfk;> Ml;rpafk; kw;Wk; ePjpafk;
MfpadNt ehl;bd; nray;ghl;bd; Kf;fpa fpisfshFk;.