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Chocolate Caffeine Analysis Guide

1) The document discusses analytical methods for analyzing complex mixtures like different chocolate bars for their caffeine and theobromine content. It involves separating the analytes from the sample and each other using techniques like extraction, filtration, distillation, and chromatography. 2) Sample preparation is a key step and often involves techniques to extract, dissolve, or isolate the analytes from the sample matrix to prepare it for analysis. For chocolate, this may involve extracting the fat and dissolving the caffeine and theobromine in water. 3) Quantitative analysis then measures how much analyte is present using methods like a calibration curve generated from standards of known concentration.

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Lagan gupta
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47 views15 pages

Chocolate Caffeine Analysis Guide

1) The document discusses analytical methods for analyzing complex mixtures like different chocolate bars for their caffeine and theobromine content. It involves separating the analytes from the sample and each other using techniques like extraction, filtration, distillation, and chromatography. 2) Sample preparation is a key step and often involves techniques to extract, dissolve, or isolate the analytes from the sample matrix to prepare it for analysis. For chocolate, this may involve extracting the fat and dissolving the caffeine and theobromine in water. 3) Quantitative analysis then measures how much analyte is present using methods like a calibration curve generated from standards of known concentration.

Uploaded by

Lagan gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The Analytical Challenge

Chapter 1, pp. 1-22, #1,7,8,9,10

X, Y and Z X Y Z

Individual volume zones


Complex Sample
of each analyte
Very few analytical methods provide both qualitative and
quantitative analysis of complex mixtures. Some form of
SEPARATION is needed up front.
Analysis of Chocolate

How would one analyze different chocolate bars for their


caffeine and theobromine content? These are the analytes.

***There are many parts to this answer***


The Analytical Process

Analysis

Replicate measurements

Sample preparation is often the key step in the analytical process!


Sample Types

• Homogeneous sample (same composition


throughout)

• Heterogeneous sample (different composition from


region to region)….Random and segregated materials

Heterogeneous samples (materials) need a different


strategy for sampling than do homogeneous
samples.
Types of Analytical Analyses

• Qualitative analysis (identifying


what is in an unknown sample)

• Quantitative analysis (identifying


how much analyte is present in an
unknown sample)
Distillation
Process by which mixtures are separated based on differences in
component volatilities.
Filtration
Process by which solids are separated from fluids (liquids or
gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid
can pass.

Pressure difference between feed and permeate


Membrane Filtration

Powerful methods for analyte separation/isolation.


Liquid-Liquid (Solvent) Extraction
Process by which components in a liquid mixture are
separated based on their relative solubilities (partitioning) in
two immiscible liquids (organic – water).

K = Cphase 1/Cphase2
Partition coefficient
Sample Preparation

Weighing the chocolate


and extracting the fat.

Maximize extraction
with small particles

Liquid extraction used to remove fat from the solid chocolate.

Caffeine and theobromine are insoluble in the ether.


Sample Preparation

Caffeine and theobromine dissolved into the water. Sample


is then filtered and made ready for the real analysis.
Analysis – Separation and Detection
Analysis – Separation and Detection

Calibration curve = Standard curve = Response curve


The Data

Average ± std. dev.

Values for theobromine are reproducible (<1%)


Values for caffeine are less reproducible (6%)
General Steps in Chemical Analysis
• Formulating the question (Is the water safe to drink?)

• Selecting the analytical method(s) (instrument) to be used.

• Sampling (properly selected sample - garbage in, garbage out)

• Sample preparation (convert sample into form suitable for analysis)

• Analysis (reproducibility, sensitivity, stability)

• Reporting and Interpretation (verbal and written communication)

• Drawing conclusions (What do the results mean?)

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