International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2347-6982 Volume-3, Issue-3, March-2015

SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR USING TRIAC

1
PRACHI M. PALPANKAR, 2SANRAJ HARLE, 3TUSHAR KARADE, 4SURAJ LEKURWALE
1,2,3,4
DBACER Nagpur
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract- The main objective of this project is to control the speed of Induction Motor at lower cost and efficient performance.
Induction Machines, the most widely used motor in industry, have been traditionally used in open-loop control applications,
for reasons of cost, size, reliability, ruggedness, simplicity, efficiency, less maintenance, ease of manufacture and its ability to
operate in dirty or explosive conditions. Main work is to control the speed of induction motor, which is being done by triac
voltage controller.

Keywords- Induction Motor, Speed Control, Triac

I. INTRODUCTION per coil can be easily adjusted with the help of

concentric coils, the mmf distribution is almost
For lightning and general purposes in homes, offices, sinusoidal. Except for shaded pole motor, the
shops, small factories single phase system is widely asynchronous motor has two stator windings namely
used as compared to three phase system as the single the main winding and the auxiliary winding. These
phase system is more economical and the power two windings are placed in space quadrature with
requirement in most of the houses, shops, offices are respect to each other. The construction of the rotor of
small, which can be easily met by single phase system. the single phase induction motor is similar to the
The single phase motors are simple in construction, squirrel cage three phase induction motor. The rotor is
cheap in cost, reliable and easy to repair and maintain. cylindrical in shape and has slots all over its
Due to all these advantages the single phase motor periphery. The slots are not made parallel to each
finds its application in vacuum cleaner, fans, washing other but are bit skewed as the skewing prevents
machine, centrifugal pump, blowers, washing magnetic locking of stator and rotor teeth and makes
machine, small toys etc. the working of induction motor more smooth and
quieter. The squirrel cage rotor consists of aluminium,
brass or copper bars. These aluminium or copper bars
are called rotor conductors and are placed in the slots
on the periphery of the rotor. The rotor conductors are
permanently shorted by the copper or aluminium rings
called the end rings. In order to provide mechanical
strength these rotor conductor are braced to the end
Fig. 1 General circuit for triac
ring and hence form a complete closed circuit
resembling like a cage and hence got its name as
The construction of single phase induction motor is
“squirrel cage induction motor”. As the bars are
almost similar to the squirrel cage three phase motor
permanently shorted by end rings, the rotor electrical
except that in case of asynchronous motor the stator
resistance is very small and it is not possible to add
have two windings instead of one as compare to the
external resistance as the bars are permanently
single stator winding in three phase induction motor.
shorted.
The stator of the single phase induction motor has
laminated stamping to reduce eddy current losses on
The absence of slip ring and brushes make the
its periphery. The slots are provided on its stamping to
construction of single phase induction motor very
carry stator or main winding. In order to reduce the
simple and robust. Thus we have to control the speed
hysteresis losses, stamping are made up of silicon
of induction motor using triac voltage controller. We
steel. When the stator winding is given a single phase
can obtain various type of speed by using
ac supply, the Magnetic field is produced and the
microcontroller.
motor rotates at a speed slightly less than the
synchronous speed Ns. The construction of the stator
II. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
of asynchronous motor is similar to that of three phase
induction motor except there are two dissimilarity in
This is the circuit diagram for AC phase controller
the winding part of the single phase induction motor
using TRIAC.
Firstly the single phase induction motors are mostly
provided with concentric coils. As the number of turns
Speed Control of Induction Motor Using Triac

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International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2347-6982 Volume-3, Issue-3, March-2015

Fig. 2 Circuit Diagram

III. SIMULATION DIAGRAM This is the simulation diagram for Induction motor.

Fig. 3 Simulation Diagram in MATLAB software

IV. PARAMETERS USED Frequency of sin wave =50Hz

Power = 0.25*746= 186.5 VA
Supply rms voltage =110 V

V. RESULTS

Fig. 4 Characteristics for Voltage and Speed when delay= 0°

Fig.5 Characteristics for Voltage and Speed when delay= 45°

Speed Control of Induction Motor Using Triac

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International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2347-6982 Volume-3, Issue-3, March-2015

CONCLUSION [2]. s.k. datta , “A Static Variable-Frequency Three-Phase Source

Using the Cycloconverter Principle for the Speed Control of an
Induction Motor ,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
After Simulation it is clear that we can change or vary
[3]. Sandeep kumar, Pritam satsangi “Micro-controller based
the speed of induction motor by varying gate firing closed loop control of Induction motor using V/F method ,”
angle. When 0° delay is given we will gate speed = IEEE Trans. Ind.
1331 rpm and When 45° delay is given we will gate [4]. Mineo Tsuji, Shuo Chen, Shin-ichi Hamasaki, Xiaodan Zhao,
speed = 1259 rpm that means we can vary the voltage and Eiji Yamada ,”A Novel V/f Control of Induction Motors
as well as speed of induction motor using triac. for Wide and Precise Speed Operation,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
[5]. Puja Talukder, Prashant Kumar Soori, and Benetta Aranj ,
REFERENCES “Speed Control of Induction Motor Drive Using Universal
Controller ,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
[1]. M.Syed Jarnil Asghar , “ Smooth Speed Control of
Single-phase Induction Motors by Integral-Cycle Switching ,”
IEEE Trans. Ind.

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Speed Control of Induction Motor Using Triac

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