MARICHU F.
ITANG
Eastern Visayas State University
INTRODUCTION
Plane surveying:
area is taken as its projection upon a horizontal plane
Geodetic Surveying:
area is taken as its projection upon the earth’s spheroidal
surface at MSL
Methods in Area Determination
• Area by Coordinates
• Area by Double Meridian-Distance (DMD)
• Area by Double Parallel-Distance (DPD)
• Area by Triangles
• Trapezoidal Rule
• Simson’s One Third Rule
AREA BOUNDED BY REGULAR
BOUNDARIES
• Area by Triangles
• Coordinate method
• DMD-DPA or DPD-DPA
Area by Triangle
Area by Triangles
Area by Coordinates Squares
• This method is used only
for approximate
determination of areas.
• The number of complete
unit squares included in the
traverse is counted and the
sum of the areas of the
partial units is estimated.
Example: Compute the Area of the Triangle
Solution:
Area by Coordinates
Determination of area by this
method is simple process for a
closed traverse with known
coordinates.
Area by Coordinates
Area by Coordinates
Area by Coordinates
Area by Double Meridian-Distance (DMD)
-it is an adaptation of the method of coordinates.
In applying this method, the latitude and departure should
be adjusted such that the figure becomes a closed
polygon
Area by Double Meridian-Distance (DMD)
Rules in Computing Double Meridian Distance (DMD)
1.The DMD of the first course is equal to the departure of that
course.
2.The DMD of any other course is equal to the DMD of the
preceding course, plus the departure of the preceding course, plus
the departure of the course itself.
3.The DMD of the last course is numerically equal to the departure
of the last course but with opposite sign. (This rule is used only as
a check.)
Area Computation by DMD
Area by Double Parallel-Distance (DPD)
Rules in Computing Double Parallel Distance (DPD)
1.The DPD of the first course is equal to the latitude of that course.
2.The DPD of any other course is equal to the DPD of the preceding
course, plus the latitude of the preceding course, plus the latitude of
the course itself.
The DPD of the last course is numerically equal to the latitude of the
last course but with opposite sign. (This rule is used only as a
check.
Area by Double Parallel-Distance (DPD)
Sample Problem
In the following tabulation are given the adjusted latitudes and departure of a
closed traverse. Calculate the area by DMD method. Check by DPD method.
LINE ADJ. LAT ADJ. DEP
AB + 490.71 +47.27
BC +587.12 +608.89
CD -327.41 +786.78
DE -1002.76 +218.32
EF -122.67 -1116.62
FA +375.01 -544.64
AREA BOUNDED BY IRREGULAR
BOUNDARIES
• Trapezoidal Rule
• Simpson’s 1/3 Rule
Area of Irregular or Curved Boundaries
-applicable when the tract
of land is bounded by
irregular or curved
boundaries.
1. Trapezoidal Rule
2. Simpson's 1/3 Rule
TRAPEZOIDAL RULE
SIMPSON’S ONE-THIRD
SIMPSON’S ONE-THIRD
SIMPSON’S ONE-THIRD
Example:
• Compute for the area
bounded by the line,
A series of perpendicular offsets
regularly-spaced and edge of the river.
offsets is taken
• Use Trapezoidal rule and
from a transit line Simpson’s one-third
to the edge of a Rule in computing for the
river. Refer to the area.
tabulated data
below:
• Next Topic: Omitted
Measurements and Simple
Subdivision
