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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
135 views97 pagesI&cad - Civil Engineers Hand Book
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Rupesh ChowdaryCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter-9
IRRIGATION si races aon ans 10 1972)
Sietpes oer
CoG br mo eps)
Mow ey
CaP Deo ties Cans
Crna canal Cen
Pemeste cr! les
Seog ser Ca
Fray tose Reset
Carel toca
Sued say on son bua
Coonan terry ess on an cas
Doone Gee canag wor
arse :
run Sea Desn Pace
eqaemer ato tealard Hac
Soncteston
rigaton Engineering
34 DISCHARGE CALCULATIONS
S44 (1) Wels: (Clear over a
o=cuns
Where Qi Discharge on weir in cumecs.
Le Length ef wert motes
Ho Head over weirs metes.
C= 184or shar erat (or ici ft)
1.71 fr broad rest (or notch ye reuito)
1.40 or broad ret rush oseape)
95.1 (2)(a) Discharge fora drowned weir
Sonera Formula
(20)6, Lf BE Iona) 00921 1. cy 24 TTT P3)
101. L(hehay #2 -fha)22 48. cyanea)
171L L(ohay 8 (ha) *2}6 1.94 Cat sha) ks)
nor epresens he known diorence of water ieve between kort and eat
‘lth we h'= hed due to weocay of approach ether gauged or terse Kran
epth of ial water cor crest. Difeen valves of Care gen in CTs Nasarate.
tates th ctobar, 1971 for vous depts o a water and eagyam ded ther
In Matiour Grapt oF una)
(C1 = 0.577 FPS inte above orm, ep ota watarin rts
wie 1.60
80m
210m
240m
300m
320m
34.3 200)
8
25
Vas of G2
Fs
rr)
Ks
oan
0342
ee
ane
Dave
D497
bor
cc (FPS/uKs)
190
246
270
208
312
ees
tn
173
Noto: C, FPS x 5018 «©, FPS K.O5S21 =C, MKS
oaks) = © (FPS) x 05521
Discharge Formula +X B1XD %
Bt» Clear Throat wish D= UISTEL crest vel
rowing Ratio (8) =
UBSTEL creat va
= Coetient depending upon downing ati.
Forintormessat alos,
x 100
feigaon Enginesring
read the Malpur graph and convert to MKS system
32
MODEL STUDIES on ionee SND pannagg a
ee Cem TEN)
opmmmemy
3142) Ateraily
Q=rCLN3 or Drowning Rao Maths
{= depth of ro tl water ovr crest
n= dept of (U8) rot water vor crest
Valves of Suomersion rao dh Vale ofr
From 0.00% 0720 1.000
07 0985
076 O97
o7e 2.965
080 0950,
oz 0940
one 960
ae ‘960
087 80
ae ‘0.950
090 Osis
092 0760
094 720
096 eo
038 0520
0.985 0300
42 Types of Wore
4. Clear over fal wth cree width pt 3
Discharge Formulae cin MKS
General a=cuns
= 10834428 (FPS) 1.040
Were 0 « Max food dcharge in cuseos
L=Longt of woiin serene cree) va
2. Sepa an
7 imation ge a Cnn
5 Sundar igh Cot ws e-aror wow? 201
(inte cope}
€.Ogee-Weir or High Coston wack Q9.981.0.1 rH) "2.20
Where's the no. fend contacions which i usualy 2
143 Canal Regulators
erence in Water eves
indi waterway may bo £010 60% of cana to prevent excessive ata
Arete equation or intrnt da (0) of pipe,
i= [00104 + (0.0002806 Di) 302 PASTOR vaRaus Zoe Levene
'D = mean vooay of water trough sie
29.2. Regulators and barages(Rutimann’s formu):
= 29 CLe 9 sha) 9° -ra 92) + CLe H ya tiahal
for submerged wor
Ue eftectve width of egutor
numberof spans X span wth (N.S)
H = als eoptn of water over erst
© = Coote = 0.5 or sharp pointe pers
=0.90 for piers with square edges
wesc i eae
a6 gation Engineering
SLUGES:
=can &
{= Discharge through suices in cumecs
A ata of denen Sar
= Dieranc in wale love Boeenuptiear and down seam in mis
© = 250 br smal epuator opening wih shaw water th
2.0 fr regulator opening upto 2m widh wh recessec in he pe
= 220 or regulator aponing between 2m and 4m wn
12.70 or regulator openings above 4m wath
(OPEN CHANNELS.
a-ay,
‘here Q=Dischargoincumecs.
1A Area ol ow chant
ZNtcty i enamel 9 S00.
Ve (HinR 82'S (aning forma)
Whare ® to
=Wted preter)
‘$= Water sirfacelongtucnal slope oo bed slope) nan vier How)
1 = Fuge Coeteient
13.7 Composite ughnessfor canal sections (1)
For dein he ema ugh th meta ste i i
Wars ot wich wad pote Ps oP and colnet ough
nese, tars ny aroun, Herey and ich auned teach patel he ae
nesth ea mdr vey tc te sarees eae mene wy
sol secon ey wegen On tbc anon th cael
“Soc troupes hay be aay te bong eon
Few)
P
Lngaton Engineoing
Tan eer ee
aaa
ra ;
For Won BanPro
0-(07.050xCck —_O-Dastagewnsee
Cesta case eaten
(0 Chanols aro designed tor day ivgaton only whete CCA less han 200,
hectares (0, 12 houre wate per tay
(9 Distsuten Channels: The max
site of Held channels under an cute
Should not exco68 25 o 0 Wes,
Types Aton Vc n nvSa0
tnmain Cats 08
in Banc Carals 8
trae Datos ons
Sal Deters oe
Minor Datos
Wate courses fot carats ous
‘lus ofr usin channels rina sas varius imum dacatges
(0.0250 for discharge upto 3 cusecs 2
£1025 lor dcharge more tha’ uses and its 155
(9.0200 for discharge beyond 15 cusecs ve
hen torre
vecfas”
Were © = cation, gation Engineering
a
2+ vn + (2001558)
oe ~ (MKS)
Kuters Cm a
Tiger oboe re
v= Ruganty Cooticint
129 Canal Drop.
2) Dropmat wath, a= (05
“Se dopo war over silt
1+ 0.1524) 10 (05 6+ 0.2048)
fn motes 8 = 109 wei mates
by Dropwaltiom with = (44 3)
“S= aeph of watr ove th
9 = Specie gravy othe wal maori
Toneightol wali mets
bps bottr win metres
cy Wich of Noch t FSLW 4 d2, Wand darein motes
we water over sit ston ant pier as top wo 4 the noma
quench aon x24 2 (of 122.2 (04 whichever eter
1 Session nets
{Siena apron in metros
Ugitrene boteen US & DIS water leven mates
«Bown stream sde apron with
‘Wet asderbed wh
(Thickness apn
lial esaatest fen at
canal DS water lvein etos WL 8 darein mete
td Bharein motes
9) pein US LYE SA
psil-%
4b caged alae ees
a0
Ieigaton Engrg
Hy Rovwinent USO
Ds
or} whichever grat
eh) ort muincheverve eter
‘depth of water eer eh mas.
Desire watson Uw rst )=0.20 0
on dophelatrcason metas
Gt depth tS eponin ete
aterence between Ui and OS velo water mee
5 dont of water ovr sor och mon
3.10 (a) AFFLUX"MOLE'S WORTH FORMULA
we
Fe + 001825) [Cla 2-1)
786
stain eters
‘a eloety inmate's per Se. (nthe escrced water way)
1A Unestited wateraay 0 93 mets
3 Restictad wateneay 59, metes
$:10(b) Ax Caleations (Gauthay and Du Bust
ro)
20
= Hts Vagine ha)
AZHLe, bu etlecivoly A
Were
‘aon bolow regulator (eset water way
“areal of regutor
185+ DO14/s for sharp edged por
= Gear span
0.76 + 0.029); for sem oul cu water:
an Inigaton Engineering
= 070 + 0029/6, Fer square edged pirs
240, 696 Founey)
a7 h=o77
140. =0800
1400100, = 100
as} Scoun DEPTH
(@) Lacey's formula
R= 1.046 (2/999 (UK)
Thm Probaie normal scour depth in meters
@—Sintenay of dscharge per meter run
f Liaceys sitet = 1.76 md
‘nd “rean chameter of phred equivalent
‘artes ot bad materials In ma
forvanes oF, See (8)
‘Scour factor generat ated for design of aprens
ange
1. Upsveam pucca for 125A 175A
2. Downstream of pce Noor 175Rw225R.
5. Nose of gue banks 200RI 250K
44 Tansiton fom nage staightreach 1.25710 1758
5 Sinigh reaches of guidebans 1.0010 1508
(0) Lacey's formate
R= 0473 (ano
R=280¥4/ tor channels
Were = Hydraule mean depth (m)
Q=Totaldscharge mcumecs. 1 yest actor a prov
a
Inigaton Engineer
‘Channels in Earth -Desian aspgcre
*12 (a Angeckimate hud mean depth (S.A Gicshan
Dees,
‘A varyig between 0.6810 1.02, genealy = 0.70 00%
Total charge in
1.42.10) Lacey euie mule (VK)
1OBGIR® 59 tor rver discharges
2°. v= (017 140) fer chan
ety ft (te
A hen ow
Flees Silat See tbe gen 3.1.4
P= Wattod perimeter (m) _ ”
tt ba gy
‘Mydiauife: mean depts (m) am
512. Mes equation on both Lecey and Kennedy ngaies:.
Pe267
FRlogime test formula vew/Rs
Skip formula S=0000se2182 / gs
Fundamental form
vers afin Or
(FROM CBI PUBLICATION NO.20)
on .
Fine sit, Krehna western dota type ra
ES ich 1.00
aa COETFICIENT OF RUGOSITY nN KUTTER'S FORMULA
strane ‘2
ote tee
roo! FPS)
~ Vas on
‘Region and ype oat FPS MKS
‘ria sandy (it on which
‘eredy made experiments)
Sad bany sit
‘Goderar westrn data tne sit
Kabra: wester dla fe
rigaton Engineer
= 130,100.90 V,, 1104, towards head reach and 0.90, towards tl
‘each y > 100 and Shove and3.9V, 18080, #t< 100 and boom,
(The Creal velocity (Ve) for Goda ar Kesh Dota
(COEManval Iigaton by COLWHElis) MKS.
‘SNe. Deseripion ‘real vary (v0)
FP. Ms
v=c0F
Godavari Data oere
reba Do
osaae
\V. mean =, alowabe = 1.11009, keeping higher values towards head reaches and
lower ones towards OS,
Values of (FPS) epancing onbed pave
For Fine Sa
tant Sanay sit
Fine Sandy it, Standar Sit
ght Coarte Sandy St
Sandy Loam, Standard Sit
Coarse Sa, Coarse Sand
Sand ana Bay Sma
‘ay and rave
Gravel 8 Boulders
13 LOSSOF HEAD
SYPHONS unwir ormula (KS)
he(1 41, 41,6 UR Vig
LE Length otal R= Hydroule mean depth of barrel
V=Maximom veloc through bated
505 for unshaped mouth, (CS of bareland .S.of mouth ae eam), orbeimauh,
heoos
3.18. Irigaton Engineoring
= Goeticiant orhead ove rough Bare whie fore ss
eras (H85s a8 yya811
For amoath coment plaster planed wood 0.00316, ‘000s
Aahlar or beck wore 00 070 Wher dis spite tim
‘Smooth ron pipe 0087 ‘0.028 :
forencrstod Won ipo ‘0.02508
Rubble masory or stone pitting 0250
RCC Home oes 8010
= Specie gravity of masonry
H = Heit of te Boy wal afm
aia spiLuways
ia)" Ogee weirer ign co-ticent wor
Gr 398(L-0.1nH} n= Noo end conactns (general 2)
Coordinates for Uni head on rest -(Slanard Crear Pre)
‘Spilage end height of free boa ee
Uietace varia Uieaceweined as Caetments
Lower Naps “UbpeNanpe Lover Nappe Upper Nppe wor epg)
a Fos. ams
oz over 2 ae 191025 Sales
om aoe ‘689 2 25076 Sais
oa, [a “aoe oe stove 78 Sao
oan 600 ose
1.00 267 “080 0253
200 1310 ons 1470 40.860 301035t0n
as 20 wii0 ino aSteadienen
aoa 200 tho Sobor
nae “Seno “4000 , to tora
450 18.540 41070.
aie-T ARG Son HT iy eae Te
2 rumotooodnats a ererion of Us ce an hozonta ough op of
Bio 10une
251020 0m?
5 1040um?
10 100m? Ieigaton Engineering
a eT i
2-61 0H)%* Hin @=cumees
Napoe acer fo dace
Nod sortone
to ead on ret im He = design head
Feral hens conta ipo an he dsgn ads he nape ac
fren toas ace per ose Sos
() esas incnatiient of dacharae of ogee we de o submergence
= C' LH in cunecs
H=ws water depth over east
D=ds water depth over cast
Shei
Satna nee
g
In cate of ooo wa, C willbe coatcon of dscharge fr the deignad ea,
a8
= Inigaton Engineering
3.18 HYDRO POWER EVALUATION
‘Theoretical ouput - maxinum aaa
PL=POH 175 metic hese power
Where = Theoretical ouputin metre nore power
Jn weight of water i Kpsm
ow rough tbinesOumiSee
lead avalatle nme
Elective cut (ir mete Norse power)
PreePte(eP/75)xaH
phere, glory. or estimate urposes, assumed as 75%
rata set hore power metic horse power = 0.9985 ka)
‘valle Hysto Power = 7.355 QM Kona,
36 VERTICAL LIFT GATES - suunces::
DISCHARGE COSFFICIENT PST auc ore
CH. Maney Cel rgaton Engineering
Digcharge ConticentorVrtea Sie gate, @=CLf 2oy,
ore Q = Discharge
UE Length of gato
1h CHa ot gate opening
yy = UlsOaphhet tow
5 «Froude numbor ofthe ow trough the gate opening
am or bot ee and submerge ow. y, shoul
‘Note:The orm af his equation it wt
bo replaced bythe eflecve Head rte diterence batwocn U!
2:17 LOCATION OF SILLS IN OFF TAKE SLUICES:
“The ight of th ss ofthe sices above tho bod lovel ot respecte parent
Cana are tobe fd tom he abe gen boa
ght al Sie above he bos ot
patent anal when he
patent canals
Porcantage ot
colts dacharge
‘oparent canal
Disenarge
18 and above 07m “Te sls of haloes
‘ore 0 15% 07m should algo be xed such
Seto 10% 35m ‘hat thoy got lower end
Pato 020m lower aa the econ
195 102% atm 030m | goes towards the end ot
ess han 05 876m — Osim | moors
Diving head sould natbelssthan 15 em fo O.7S 7S em. fort pies. The heh
‘ofthe slit be radios etait are a te minimum dewing hea,
8118 (@) RELATIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT EXPRESSIONS FOR DUTY OF WATER
(One Main evbicteet
Onecrefoto, 2acrelnches = 1e2cusec owing 24 hours ney
(One acre por Ntiten cubic fet equivalent
ete per cus as rp pr (basa) oH aye, PPOAIAEM 8 yo
(One hectare-metre (ono meve dest on ans heciare a
, cuseos cacharz towing oC, TMet capac
Piscex nape Tmanms 2G; TM capct reser te pod rated
(buy ot water:
Fatenbatweon tise peroo diy and dota: ade 8688/0 (Ks)
ee
A= d= Death over inigated area (m) “ “an
A =0-218/0
Wrete 0 = Duy inacies /Cusec:
Be Base penad in days (5) PROW OF WATER COONVERSION TABLE:
GneGusce | Cubic Foot [Cubievaré| Cubie Meters | Gatlons,
Equivalent to
rman | gee) te | ee
510000
497-1 Milo]
1318 Standards for Minor irigation Projects
1. viELD CALCULATION
o ata tank st is elevated using Stange’ tbls. Based onthe topography anc
ea thd Ory 20% ofthe average
rc catchmerts are aseted as good, average
staal consered forcomputaton othe ys
‘anal (che ealled he Mo
{e} One where the average rainfall is less than 25°,
i icose were iigaton water sed many ater be Monsoon for matuhg he
1 ook Gon ty ener fequremort Of water neluaing ses in The PenEDOn Pt
1) espace dl the rane and to nurber ois
A Met. OF WATER:
where the monsoon rt is upto 90°
(0) Wet crops “6 aeraeper Mt 1st
P and 3 ara per Met ior 2 ner
to mawesy Mc June Oebben as
the monsoon af ox
stb wr a coag re
Gf raf ob dette eal
‘should be added for 1 "
30 rigation demand wit
‘vet each mon el the erp peri. Aditonal
iat month for tans pariaton purpose, =
Capacity of he tanks determines by using the formula
16) Eat eae 210
0) E (ai +a2+y/ar ad) Cube Units
Were C= Capasty of he tank nuns
ea, corturs in aces and
212 (5) Utanie ye nr Storage wos
Mins equation (1.25- X52 + (025+ y)2= 1.608
X ato“ resro cay nytt
io storage work isto have an ayacut of 200 na (Tack iis foc Minor gation woes:
—_ ain fli ems
esone
35-7ocms
70. 100 ens
PD cocme
‘Ree (abi
(eae
Fico Rabi TaD)
Sugar cane
Perennial (Daas)
(c) The fling Dues maybe ad a. canal uta
a
7
aor s
Total viele
tilion eum ik
Below 1105
Probable
lela Yl
0.01509
o0a72e0
1004208
‘8.008088
‘0.002058
04ers
06a?
2.01740
002788
151050
20(0) Crop ater wosthaa ve
gute n Trg ovewscana conan a
{(G.0.Ms.No.21/CAD I DL.16-02-1976) (FPS) os
‘Grop ‘ont
i ee ce |
“Ground nut
March & Api 100 |
Grou nut
yi mits Februay, 150
‘March & April 120
Hyd iets
Caton Noverber & Februsry 150,
{blCton water eaurementa- WALAMTAR A.
ame of ep | Day for maturity ‘iter require in neem
Daly Total
Inches.’ cms | inches cms
Sugarcane B50
Dewy Fabio) —] Ligation ng
923, STANDARDS OF CANAL CROSS SE. “ONS MKS) Ligation Engineering
‘Berm with may also be adopted as undet-
Upto 4.25 cumecs. lscharge 05+ V2 FSaeptn,
8 comecs = 12542 FSdeptn
125+ discharge + 12 FS dep
28.cumoes and abone
ala or Dowel in he form fa smal earthen ridge provided to prevent vhs om
{ating ito techannet iis providedon hemor eg of taser eel ee oo
‘dada i bout 20 o 60 em and height 4m the bed atthe saeco ee
{cen belowground level that te earth obtained tom oxcavtinis ora anetcae
‘mount of te eat rogue for making he bans, such a socbon ocak ee,
Saglon as tents minimum earworkand that cepholcanaliskrewnasthe ee,
dep
32241 Formula oc balancing depth of cuting (ata. 427. is manual PS),
08. (00+B +26) De-h@sazny
Where,
= eral eight of op o bank above bed fhe channel
= bed with of ehanna
18 = Top width of bank
D = balancing depth of cting nos
‘Slope in cutting 1:1 and slopes tho two equal banks aro 14:1,
SN.
‘Type of canal
rigaton Eng
espe cliet (lor uid cana Cane D128
Medium Nema maximum
Earth staigh and enor
loan cent completed
lean, ator weathering
rave, uniform section lan
Wit short grass, ow weece
Earth wining and eugoh
Nowopetaton
Grass, come weeds
Dense, weeds or aguatc
plants in deep chan
Earth botom and ite sides
Story botom and weedy banks
(Cobble bona and ise sides
rag ne excavated or dredged
No vegetaten
{ght Brush on banks
Channel meitned
(weeds and rn
Dense weed gh a cope
ean bate, toch one
Same, Highest stage oe
Dense bush ign Se
2018 oe aoa
00% oa ase
9022 Ons ose
0% 9087 ose
0.029 0025 059
0025 0080 Sosa
2030 03s as
0% a0 one
202 ones Sass
030 oo ose
0035 0050 O06
2050 0080 129
2.00 0050 O.0a0
0.03 007 Otte
2.080 0100 og
1 For norma aluvat sols, tis ava nn 2
tis wan india to assume a vate of 0.02 oe
eoeecc tT O> 15 canes andy = Gade erat t= oes
‘cumecs.
© Sane alte ot” shut be oped een in view eg oneions
‘and the above valoe as a
i,
3-31 neering
15.4745 1968 LINED CANALS:
2) Transmission lass may gonaraly be assumed tobe 0.60 msfillon ro we
ted area lorined ears
Note: Teansission les of 0.60 m# ismiion mof wetted area of Eoad
‘sated valve athough the actual value may be much less and diferent for dierent
tring opecteations Forte canals of Bhakra Nangal Projet lr estimating the seepage
loss, the following rma wes used,
Ke1250%8 (FPS) K=o4ess ae (UKs)
logs in cuseesistnion
tm of wotea area ana
(- Denarge in cumacs
Kx tn os in cussion
of weed area
1b) Site stpes: ning i usualy made to rest on slopes corresponding tothe angle
‘fropose ofthe natura 20 so tha he slopes shall bo such that no earth pressure
txerteg on the back ofthe rng
Fre board :0.75m above FSL upto top fring
Bank with
fem or cutng an filing reaches of main canals
Beso cuting reaches lor branch canals
6.5m onl se and Sm on gh defo alg reaches of ranch canals
Voociy: About 2m for tine canal i recommended,
(CV Ratios are not apleable toned canals but he possi of sting cannot be
neglected and hence the CVA shouldbe aod at higher tan unity.
8) Velocty (mean) = 2° 8%
Retiyamae mean depth "n= rgostycooticint asin 6.2.18 2) ()
“Amendment | Soplember, 1970: The figures spectad in tis standard wil require to be
Fevaed afore vlue of ugosty coefiiens ot various types of ning are ivesgates
02
07 the CBIP. Soe Techical Report 2
‘orlned and unlined channels Soptember, 1374
9) Catster drains
Protect damaged toi,
Under drainage For nod canal wha
to be higher han water level n id the canal
pressure onthe tring, or where te
free damage ofthe ur
204 YALUES OF RUGOSITY cOEFFICIE?
res
STRAIGHT ALIGNMENT: (2).
2a nda below:
8) Formed, no frie,
) Tow! fe
©) let ie |
4) Feat tnsh son gravel on bo
2) Gunte, good secon
Gunite, wavy
5) Random stone nora
) Cement tle macony
4) Comer able mason avored
8. Gravel bottom sis
2) Formed cone
5 indated below
1) Fandom stone in moran
©) Dry rae
Eectve system of catch water tins s
Irkaton Engine
2 of CBP on Determination o go
3y coofcent
ll be provised to
und water vei higher o thay
0 28 fo cause damaging diferent
ticity mearrebe to prevent
fed in accordance with IS 4888 - 1968,
NT (0) FOR LINED CHANNEL WH
oo13,
ots
doe
2. Conerate Bote Hat ished sides as indeted below
oor
oor7
0017
2.020
0.020
2.020
0033 Irigation Enancoring
vor - oor
3) Smt 019
1) Rough oie.
6.Wood planed lean won ~ 0013
7. Conereta tine excavatod rock th
') Good secon oor = 0.020
3) regu section ‘0022: 027
Note: With channels of aigamert the than sai, loss of head by reistanes ores
Wile increased. A rea creas tothe value of may be mada to allow fr adsonal
loos of anergy.
24 CRIP Toetncal enor No.t2eepembsr 1974
(0) Unined Canals Factor attecing
(0 Surtace roughness (@) Chanraliregusy (a) Vegetation (v) Channel alignment
(tisiting & Scouring (vi) Stage and dacharge (v) Suspendod material and bed oad
(commendations wales ott
Lined canate
Boulder ined canals 02s
Tus ined esas bore
Conerte ne canals bors-0017
Masonry bo18 0020
Dry ough stone aaa -0.090
(6) Unlined canals
LUninedearthern canals tin rgime and showing sing
Unined Canate
Unlined srace wih projections
325 Cana Lining:
{1 Insitu_coneret ing:
‘The minimum thickness of concrete Sing bass on canal capacity ah be a flows:
‘Canal Capaciy] Thickness of WIS concrete
Thickness of TO concrete |
‘Gontrolied Ordinary
18
1000 & above
Note:The above thicknesses donot ake care cup of Noor and overturning egos
(Precast Congcete Sie ing:
‘The fac of he sib shal bo eter
ab shallbe as specie’ boos “tat & "#tangdar. Nomina dimensions of tho
‘Length Breadth Thickness 328 Intemational Corimission on irigation and Drainage
1 Congress - 7 laa - Design of channels:
al vey:
8) Non ating ar non scouring velocity
1) ney formulae
Wo =095098 5 =oon0sses 1590 (FS)
Yoon at nos $= 0.0005789 12° "= (FPS)
Buaeoo'
8) Gera Loy. Regine channes
«) Linton of Lacey's formula:
Minimum Vue of charge in cusecs (FPS)
in rapezoial ectons wit side slopes
050 is80 i200
075 Bi4 aa?
100 345 470
200 086 ie
Mint (st factor
No atop need be made to design channels of smal discharge than the
above with Lace lermulas
4) con op wis and rae boards (13:1 10 3:1 slopes) (Fs
Mai canal ranch Canal Distrbutores and Minors
wooT tooove 30075
0002! dle 1500 100s
1) Bormwian 4 OOOO 44D 4401
intoot
|Top wit in toot 1s
Gprrestoardintost 3
Not More the top wlth, 55 tho feo boa,
£2) Dowal banks (0.3) eight, 141 sie slopes.
3-98
3.27 Design practices of irgation canals (LC.L0. 1972 =
APPadtce:
1, Design procesu Tra sign (MAK S)
© fave Femara
‘46-2839 (00 r000 os) doze ‘neocas
CCC (1:68) of 45 t0 60 em thikneas for bed protection dt dainag
coo 5 {or bed prolacton ef erenage way with CC.
Jn tansons ot ent mays iin
5: 1and above dis 2:1 and above :
Bates provided in ebumens, ngs, irs & tus: Mazon)
"5 or 150 178 depending on moments du o earth pressure and height
Earthen aces
"V3 0 W2 depending on ext pressure, moments op with 45 cm 1 1.20 m
No tensions tone RC sate suet 1K
‘masonry in CM (1:3) and 0.7 kaler for CRS in CM (1:4) iB
Hydtostaic pressures : 5% in Rocks. Prossue ret vas in regultor oor
Seeraycesbaion buckets ae provided, Weep hls in retaining was are pro
Mason wate: AR mason (8) (19 c
sy (15) agin nw
vaterlaeeof ont asembutin GRSinu is) eT) niga Engineering
pees
apa aa eee Macca mmnpanes hres oes
8.0. Thekness of regulator per:0.2 (2H) XS (FPS) (B50) ‘Type of sol! Embankment Cutting
‘S= claw span, H= doth of water inves. ore
ari ol piece aa per Leib Fee ) Light bose san erage sandy soi
“ricknesso Lotavishy = (FPS / 4S 3 Shoromer iy
ot andy 2 Grave
a ) Murano soi
opening InDepth of watar
‘(tym 38/45m 207m 25/75 908m 1 Rock,
2tWa:t t5etteze1
2131 ister
a iSetworey
tset 0751
028: 110075-1
wisn plerthidesss 25076 27ine2 20088 a.7094 4
Wsiism im salt Sante aanee 45h 7 (6) Top wish of Banks (CEnonton, Cac, dated 0002-52)
206m aenao Sonse Sates Serr
2571 5m sens anes esn7e a7zo ira ep wit fk]
9. Fil mater behind abutments rae
see m | biakinm "bankinm. System
28"; 516" (wal ctons gene nt considered) -
so andeiow| 030 | oo Sr
{Y= 2100 kg K = permeabity oi more than 3m yea e200 150° | oss | 200 1250 tana
15010750 | 04s | 500 150 dena
“The earthen aces of wal are given stepped ost instead of clean sloping sua to mame io00 | 980" | 500 2s0 aang
on i0a0% 1800} O60 | so 20 tone
provse arp te earthen banks
+ ss0012000 | o7s | Foo 2s ad |
‘So | Discharge |Free board | ipection Non-inapection Disty |
moo and.aeve| 07030 | Su 500 fame
9.20 (9) Stabe ade slopes fr chal bit in varus Kinde of teria
WEN TE crows
S.No. Material Side stope
1 Rock early verte
2 Muck nd peat ene
3) St cay or earth wih core ining
Earth ath stone ining rear orange chennai
5 Foam eta or arth or srl Siches
5 Locke sandy earth
7 Sony loam or por Slay 598 GWE. Bed wrath to depth
lrigaton Engineering
ie. per daft manual on rigation channels,
CHC Watering, Now Delhi, 1860,
3D co
Discharge
Cumisecond
‘Discharge Te
Cuun/second
0269) 28 11327 057
925, 30 14158 so
66 32 paar? ta
850 aa #33020 73
33 36 an.ae 82
fate a7 45507 a6
zit 40 ‘50.634 90
2a 2 S584 85
300 aa yon
ao as 4.050
Sea a8 255.170
8295 5s
a
30a) () Maximum water volo (sec) in earth canals
tha dscharge os
Nawreo!Cansited 0S 19 20°90 40 10 15
3, te san,
Ve sandy loam 42 045 047 049 00 052
eam Sancy
‘youn ost 056 059 061 063 065
get eam 061 064 068 070 072 a74
Medium eam
Medium oes,
ConrenSan
069 072 075 079 081 ase
Heavy Loan, Ugh
(ay, Cove ga
Loess, Very
Coarse sand
Inigaton Engnring
267 071 075 078 0.681 088 089 090 0.94
Fe Sings or gavel 0.73 077 082 O84 0.89 099 0.96 098 102
Thick Nec Cay
medium gavel” 082 087 092 035 0,99 1.05 1.00 1.11 1.16
Heavy Gay (tetany)
coarse shingle or grvelt 26. 1.94 17 159 162 168 1.72 179
‘Sarco: FOOD & AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION OF UNITED NATIONS, ROME, 187
(0) Maximum non rosie water velocties in eaten Canals:
1: Fine sand under qui sand candiion
2 Sandy so
5. Sandy am 075-099
4 Loum ey nam 088-110
5. Si clay 1a 1Simps
Source: Same as above
021003 mee:
osweore
221 ©1812; Deson of unined incised cana: Tenia Repost Na June, 1078,
Masinam ane Meira porns locos
hic & GPRS Raconarator a oe
Ape of Sai -oocmamvaues m/sec
ry ste oem
Siroy ots 83019020
Bsr oa esr Seo mom
bran a ade Sort
Gravel. 124 es
Daroiaied od 1s
Disitgeated rock 1152 (depening on sie of ck)
aay Irigation Engineering
Moimum vive of V= 08 V guy,
tho depth aso minimise adzorpen ae evapratan and or more economical
esi,
bi «1.25 060 are bene
bd ato curve or Table fr 028 to 289 cumecs «See 62.18),
132.Radi of Cres in Unlined Channels
‘Curves in vlined channels shoud be as gentle as pols, a heres 2 fr
doncy to sito the nse andto Scour on he ousie othe Cure.
Minimum radi of Curves in unlined channels (8.1)
‘nina
aly of Channa
uses ccumacs ct
‘ver 3000 oars 000
00016 1000 51020 xo
+000 to $00 301015 2000
50010100 15103 100
1001610 ate0s 00 160
Loss than 10 ese than od 300 100
fe RE ar reere eee
Note: Generaly .=2018 where Bis water surtace width ray be he minimum allowable
trigaton Engnewing
{38 Permissible Canal Velocities (Etchevery EPS
gal mater cnr
facontestorcans) alah
eden
ater
tranepring
cet sie
oe
tranaparing
rancolst
fs sana
gard ee,
anode
ets
ory ght ooo san s ‘
ne sand (non coed. 9 80.00 288" nn t'BOnna 2002.80
Sandy Loam. 175 cee 20 cons 280-278
Si Loam. 20030 2000 280-298
Anas when
ton coleca 20050 2.00 275-900
rtinary fem iar 250.7880 225. 300 a7
Fe gravel 250 800 S75 800809
‘Suey oory cla 375 3004-80
‘Avia Sits whan
Call a7s
Graded sit 00,
Coarse gravel
(ron cota 400. rn 50,
Shingle non oslo” S00 aa
Cemented gravel Sat sate
fot sedesmontry rock.
Hard rock
Caner
075-150
9.00,
mene b0,
40-50
40:50
5.00 - 6.00
30-60
60-700
es 109-150
150-200
These figures ar for dopts of 3 cot and less: To get MKS. vals, mulply by 0.3046
44941. Assessment of seepage losses in canals -Recont thesis and erature
USER: More's fommuia-$ «02 e( GWT (FPS)
'S= seepage less ines peril length of Canal
© Gop en et ist romcanal prin 24 hors. varying beween 0 io
220 rom Camanted grav sande piss Irigaton Engineaing
6) vanes Mantel ser) ees ee esa GIRS zPunab:
=k (@+(t+2m.m)
sulace with of eal
m=eos (a) ,@= sie sope ange)
Dea tudcton depending on BH to 9 ea om raph Morass
Bre ing
Procast ceslabe
in clay and coment plaster
‘G1 17200 (840) * (MKS)
(G1 Seepage loa in cures vlmetr length of eanal
6) Puna 8 Haran |) CBIR. 49m Moving 1979 - Pusicaion 155
kre 190 (MKS) SLLin Man canals 7% of head cicharge
t= Soupage loss in cumcsimllonequare meter of wees rea Sin dstibutones & monors 8% of head decharge
SLinwater courses 20%
Unlined qi = 0.00928 L. (Q) 525 (MKS), Linkms. oer esters =
ey sole a
2) gars formal:
P=0d.(W./10,00,000}
P=SLincisecs ina reach o length Ln es
ih ctaier sacs nf
15 20- G07 les han bw cara
hy Prats APP 8.35 Loss of water fom reservoirs dvs to evaporation in mm,
‘Annual Total Loss = 1800 em = 1.80 m_ ae
for Dsty cyte. nigation Engineering
38 ‘Channel Losses
‘Gonvayanee losses According to Etchevesty and Herding
es |
CCharaclet6fifiaerial —-—«CHSRat_—CusecsiNlion_Cumacsilon
foe Yetiod pe: sof wetted Sqm of wat
Tretorn ahve permeter (to permator
rearstcusec)
Imheiouseigfibam ....025 0085 .. 904 92012
Medium clay foam under
laa wth ord pan at
fapth of no over 219
3H. bowe bed 0.510080 12018
Crinary lay oar
Sy 208 tava ah oaM 05 10 975 oo 1eto27
Gravely or sandy olay
Team, Cemented gata
sand & clay 07810 1.00 «9010120. nnss 271036
Loote sandy sis 1.510 1.00 171020, 520061
Sendy foam, B40 G,nn 120017 361052
Gravely sandy £08 on 2 1225. nnn 281028 708s
Porous gravelly £016 251080 on 291095, 510108
ery gravely sis 3210600 351070. 10610212
lrigaton Engineering
2952 Cara sae Sage Lela.
8) Swange's apprxmaton of cara ceee:tararission leases canals (FPS)
a reer mene REALE ae.
(On canal in cle "of ischarge which st
et mi eth of eanal
> 100 =
50-100 re
25-50 i
0-28 ae
=10 3
3.9834 ach. 0 au and eto
Tetvsec is oetindsbutoes
22 clvsec is lostinvilge water causes
ul 56 27 mse by excise go 80 an 20 prelaya i
) Moles wart ermula ;QL = CLP m®® (ums;
m=HMD,C = cooticient, 0.0018 lr st lay aid 0.00 fo sendy sis or K = Gm 2%
2.984 Cormparatnve War Tahiness of diteret ype tf
se iret ype of nings PSK)
iT Irigation Engineering
TRY 15.3005 1974/1989 (Code of practice) Structural Safety
shallow foundations
Pier foundations: (such a in CM-OD works te)
Pain conerete pie’ Height shal at be more than 12 tenes ho feast horazonal en
1) Stectos allowable are as per hose spac i 18486 of 1973 provided the Height ol
Dlr does ol exceed sk tes the east Poizona mension,
1) height exceeds sx wes te fast Morzoal Ui, the maximum atlas
Sireses shal be determines by
f (1.8 W200) whore
= Mam aowatl ses
te x alonatie evs spefiod aS 455-1679
12 Height of pier and
1D = feast hovantal dimension
‘Note-The above provion shal ot apply fr pes where the east horizontal dimension
fe lamoemore
ROC piers: ACC piers shale testa as ai loaded short columns and permissitie
Toads eslousted.n po iS 458 - 1979 subject 1
') Where the height fpr exceeds 18 tes he eas simension, the ma. ows shal rot
p=p(15- 41360) :
Where P= permissible oad on axl faded shat column
height pir measure romp of Ball ary tthe evel of ext of pie,
least cmansion of pior
1358 HEADLOSS usualy allowable in metres tor ya structures on Main Cansis
{le approving tyraue particulars of canals)
St bridges oa Normal secton of canal
DiLbridpes. 1003100008 HU due 10 Cae
Close repairs enn
wth er wthout take. 005-05,
“ough Aaueduew 040 0.18.
Oworks
Syphon aqueduts = HL: as per Unwes formula Alc a pee Noles worths
LUrainagesyphone = caalismed or
asin type lor Ue HL as per Manning's
(ron pressure ow)" invaraions snd bare by TEL Mattos
Festicted to 0.000 but actualy t may 90 upto 0.03 de
‘ending ons length ard uring in cana ?
Super passages: Generally normal section cf canal relained
4) wi Headway HL s 0.00 but # canal is fumed for econcmic consider
Stions HL canal may go upto 0.02
1) Superpassages
Wwihout headway Jn mir projects the NSP, SABO. et, drainage bed
comes below FSL ot canal. The canal eacon thus
"aly eyphonee. Histo be minimised in such cares
about 801
Methods:
4) Provide inltoutetarangenent feasible, maintaining noeial ction of
8) Won the canal at fe crossing wih necessary tonsa nn Ont
9) Depress the canal bed tghoy below te ariel and give It wal ore
Iatero minimio reading & ase
Adopt beth (ance above, Hl igh mgation Enineerng
orl and under the part syphon
Iees\Outes Na general sit raps must be aanged and sily waterlet down into
hatte Boo
io Jd by any cena methods!
ate des practoes. Ha isrotreducable
tata proved in tna approved HPs, thas ibe adjusted toohere
me re sanctioning autvory forte salstactory patrmance ofthe
1232 CODE.OF PRACTICE FOR DESGIN OF CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS
Is..7784=198
° the dianage ins nal earthen
sypo-jan is tpe the canal contaues over te dina
Peerage = banks “ns cave th leigh the
Gr? re aang waar passed unde tho cal hal be
ne hy to carry the water section but also to cary the earthen bank
tration Eng
aoe, bt theater slopes of Barks are replaced by vlaiang wal, hereby edu
ing he tengo! eenage caver by at exten. Smet
ks ve acon oor the sanage ad the
controls tough, box, rel pipe or any thet
hare connected on ether aide of ne work
to earthen banks ef he canal by means 9! &
eo ke he aay mean ig wal Coa a
nin tumwoa ep
sSaionto these! crane
nage, aqueduct of Type maybe autabe 3s nominal win
rreansa the ceased cst se othe en
maxim length (across the eal nh
vet age rer an aqueduct Type 3m be mare economical as be lenght
trinage curs across the canals minum and the sevens rae in coat
riage cles woud be eter an he
For meade ston, ye 2 may
1229.8 Discharge tough ne as
P+ ne oy
syn te duct
encelicent of dsharge which varies rom 0:9 10 0.85 Irigaton Engineoring
0 for stu coord entrance
10.28 or round eomered nance
8. for ordinary eosan 2
1.08 for bel mou humed enirancs
The co-tficient ¢ wil be
anes
av
Designot sypons:
Ia area of bart
Pian velo ee bare
{1 xCoretioent forts lhe uta tion nance
10805 or eyndia mouth cloase ninco
(2 co-fiint or les of ead orrcoming
098 forte mouth
3995 LAYOUT
rhe ayoutol aqueduct shal beso eathatl shal preeraby bein a staigh ach
(91 Trahiveam’ hich ssse he carne 3 rh anges 3a as pose
nk concn toca! and deasraam shulsbe proved depensog upon
thwpoperes esol avaiable we are
1 shout preter be provided wih 2:1 and 3:1 on upstream
weet seat ot aterhan 1 an 1 respecte
Sees
$i lo anes
©
few ME :
‘he watreanstousb detstowards te src sulae aig wa
veteaed by sae otc nasues suchas urn, pcg, andar
be prtecte by stato
ing apronwhenever necossary.
anf soho AUR
‘Geo gasetty of any breach snd to minimise seep
‘ad the canals ry.
foe Five boat shouldbe provided or rough as per St Code
Noto 2 - Roadway wish shoud be prod as por IAG Gare
‘Note - Cental walt wough may be emiied by proving RC coins on ech
Bier based on tecno esonomi sues
‘he canal may not be fumed to less than 75 percent of bed with, Homever,
ther the velco andloss of head perm, rear fuming may be slows ee:
ing stertcal tow condion,
‘Tatum portion fhe tough shalbe joined wih the norma section wih proper
transitions to minimize head fss at eny and ext. The tanaiion cheney re
{$P8d 1 8 rim splay of 3: 1 onthe upstream side and So) oe wees
ream side. M should be ensured thatthe low lows tno bouncer ee
Thevercal stop approaches may notbe staape an 1 in cathe ent ste and
{bout 1 io 4 onthe ext side. The minimum permis veloly severe
brave depending vpn te size ofthe bed meterals nthe Sam ray te dehy
trom Tables 1 and 2in IS 7784 (Part 20e.5)- 1060. For Type | and? sone,
Stal0l1.5 tines tha change n velocay head ith a mimom ot Tobe canes
‘vee Be lope ofthe ara a slat to prevent at entcng ho boner
In exceptional cases, the iting vleiy may exceed Sve povided thi nes not
Sauce cncessive os of head ae state can wifesns tesa oe
and abrasion Me
{Te hewdoas through the bale shallbe calsulate in accordance wth: 7784
(Part) 1875, The waterasy shal beso adusted thal thea does nt weg
the lis of submergence tolerances ol the emvitonmet,
ln aiages when th course is undefined, as sometimes it happen in bouldery
2-59 Irngaton Engineering
rail agione, luring rar 60 wo 0 percent of he Lacey waterway may Be
‘ne
887 Joni.
a) dos sal poe aeons ard lng bare eng. The maxim spas
(she ent ancien sholbounsaloZom. Anal 10 1
Bele oe scoorean alge bare sab ove
Sina ea newer. Topostion ara Seal niehlben a=
Stora ot tee Pa) 975
Inte case far resingon compressa sols, cols ecg theplin et
Er SSS prancaa, Ts wi otc wateratop fm wera! sheet
Testa fedlemert nthe cave of syphons of mule bares more tan one
Ute colar may be designed tbe exible
Incase cl maael vs lave ro bv can be adore tl ye
© ‘with longtudhal joints having water stops all around. Water stops shall also be
Srowsod art cin of Eta whan wa
40. Dam Salty (Smal ams)
240 eases Foundation soverence- ASCE (1852) Jn. 875 Engle)
4.1Phace Fiddinspacion = abate -.esgn and portance data
Gio parc atonion to
a Evidence of istess
1 cess leakage and seepage
slope mnstabay
‘excessive sottemont
tng and cracking of concrete structures and
‘other psa feature eating neatly.
1p Review oldesign and adequacy of sin parameters
Fconsrton quality et.
‘Lease perience ve désigned
| Evelvatonf gectgial and foundation condvons
‘Changes n technaogy since original design
. lrigaton Engineering
| Selsmoiogy- chek wrk seimie considerations
Phase. Investgation - Fed samping Lab tstng- stably ana,
ve ateton to
‘Advertey oventodois
Sicken soso sued mates, samo ot mals - week ayers =
cxcess pore water presse ly shalos e, o
Dam ean be tras aie dow
verurring, oudation flue, Uncontroted seepage, shear fale et,
$1402 Recommended actors ol saity bankas
of satey
Suen dwawdown fom spitway 1.2
minimum composte ot R&S
‘rest or op of gates fo MODL
Shear factor,
Paral poo! with assumed 15
hvizomal steady seepage
Resebrn
