FLOOD RESILIENCE,

PLANNING & MANAGEMENT:

SAN JUAN ACCFA IN CABANATUAN CITY

Presented By:

Julie Ann L. Sta. Ana

BSCE –STUDENT

Presented To:

Engr. Wilfredo M. Fronda

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SAN JUAN ACCFA IN CABANATUAN CITY 1
 Chapter I

The problem and its background

Introduction

Climate change and continuous urbanization

contribute to an increased urban vulnerability towards

flooding (Restemeyer, et.al., 2007). Only relying on

traditional flood control measures is recognized as

inadequate, since the damage can be catastrophic if flood

controls fail. The idea of a flood-resilient city – one

which can withstand or adapt to a flood event without

being harmed in its functionality – seems promising. But

what does resilience actually mean when it is applied to

urban environments exposed to flood risk, and how

resilience can be achieved.

This paper presents an exploratory framework for

assessing the flood resilience of cities, for engineering

students like us to understand the importance of planning

and management in natural water resource dilemma such as

flood. It enriches the current literature on flood

resilience by clarifying the meaning of its three key

characteristics – robustness, adaptability and

transformability – and identifying important components

FLOOD RESILIENCE, PLANNING & MANAGEMENT:

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to implement resilience strategies. The resilience

discussion moves a step forward, from predominantly

defining resilience to generating insight into ―doing‖

resilience in practice. The study suggests that flood

resilience is currently not enough motivation to move

from traditional to more resilient flood protection

schemes in practice; rather, it needs to be integrated

into a bigger urban agenda.

In engineering, resilience is concerned with

disturbances that threaten the functional stability of

engineering systems, which are often linked with low

probabilities of failures or, in the case of failure,

quick recovery to normal levels of functionality (Wang

and Blackmore 2009). Such resilience depends on four

properties: robustness, or the physical strength to

withstand a disturbance without functional degradation;

redundancy, or the extent to which system components are

substitutable; resourcefulness, or the capacity to

identify problems and mobilize needed resources; and

rapidity, or the capacity to restore the system in a

timely manner (Bruneau et al. 2003). This engineering

resilience concept encompasses both resistance to and

recovery from disturbances, although the measurement is

focused exclusively on recovery—the faster the full

FLOOD RESILIENCE, PLANNING & MANAGEMENT:

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functionality is restored, the greater the resilience

(for example, Hashimoto et al. 1982, Hollnagel et al.

2008, Fig. 1). Engineering resilience thus emphasizes the

ability to bounce back to the original condition when

relaxed from stress (Wang and Blackmore 2009).

Flood is a natural occurrence in the city of Cabanatuan

especially during rainy seasons and when typhoon strikes

in the country, posing hazard to lives and properties,

and apparently affecting the economic and industrial

activities of the people. As a proof, the city has been a

regular news feature of flood in Central Luzon for the

past years, leaving the areas flooded.

Barangay San Juan ACCFA, is one of the eighty-nine

(89) administratively subdivided areas of the city,

Cabanatuan City, a city that also gained the moniker as

the gateway to the North and the Tricycle Capital of the

Philippines. It is the largest city in Nueva Ecija, and

5th in Central Luzon with a population of 272,676 in

2010. The city mayor, Cesar Vergara blamed the unabated

illegal quarrying, mining and logging in Gabaldon and

parts of the Sierra Madre Mountains for the widespread

floods in his city and the third and fourth districts of

the province.

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 In the City Disaster Risk Reduction Management

Office (CDRRMO), records show that Barangay San Juan

ACCFA is a consistent flood-stricken area, of which the

latest is typhoon.

Statement of the Problem

This study “Flood Resilience, Planning and

Management in Barangay San Juan ACCFA in Cabanatuan

City” aims to investigate on the flood-management

approaches formulated and implemented in Barangay San

Juan ACCFA as it is among the flooded barangays of

Cabanatuan City.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following

questions:

1. What are the socio-demographic and geographic

profiles of Barangay San Juan ACCFA, in terms of?

1.1 location

1.2 populations

1.3 flood incidence record

2. What causes of flood are identified in the barangay?

3. What policies are implemented regarding barangay’s

flood resilience, plan and management?

FLOOD RESILIENCE, PLANNING & MANAGEMENT:

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 4. Who are responsible in the preventive measures or

quick recovery program done to address the problems

of flooding?

5. How are the flood resilience, planning and

management rated by the following:

5.1 constituents

5.2 Sangguniang Barangay

5.3 City Engineering Office

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

The research study entitled “Flood Resilience,

Planning and Management in Barangay San Juan ACCFA in

Cabanatuan City”, aims to know the strategic measures

in dealing with flood in the area.

The conceptual framework of this study presented

the view of how this study will be done.

PLANNING

FLOOD
MANAGEMENT
RESILIENCE

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 FLOOD
PLANNING MANAGEMENT
RESILIENCE
Flood-risk
Coping with Control on management
hazards urbanization Policies

Disperse impact
of over- Interventions to
Quick recovery reduce the
concentration of
to disturbance people and impacts of flood
activites

Figure I. Research Paradigm

The paradigm shows the outstanding characteristics

and highlights flood resilience, the coping mechanisms to

combat the hazards and quick recovery from hazard

disturbances. The need for planning must be implemented

so that the growth to urbanization can be controlled. The

impact on over concentration of people in the area should

be disseminated to the local residents. Finally,

comprehensive flood-risk management policies should be

identified and interventions to reduce the impact of

flood should be deliberated and implemented in Barangay

San Juan ACCFA. The study will determine the range and

scope of preparations of agencies concerned in the flood

hazards and the implementing policies focused on recovery

from the risks.

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Significance of the Study

This study entitled “Flood Resilience, Planning and

Management in Barangay San Juan ACCFA in Cabanatuan

City‖ aims to determine and analyze the significant

schemes of implementing guidelines in its quest to make

the barangay a flood-resilient urban area and will be

useful to the following people:

The residents. Constituents of Barangay SAN Juan

ACCFA will benefit from this study for they will know the

priorities of their community leaders and they will have

an ample view of their safety when they are aware of the

real status of their area when flood arises.

The local officials. This study will attract the

attention of the local officials of Cabanatuan City,

particularly the Sangguniang Barangay of San Juan ACCFA

and even those from other municipalities/cities, as they

will be enlightened how important it is to have a working

approach in the occurrence of disasters like flood. This,

too, will give light on which infrastructure projects to

push or to suspend.

The infrastructure/engineering offices or agencies.

The results of this study will or may provide hints and

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concepts to design the appropriate plans and management

plans as far as flooding is concerned.

The future researchers and surveyors. The

researchers and surveyors in the coming years can count

on the results of this study, especially those dealing

with flood resilience, planning and management,

especially those in urban areas.

The researchers themselves. This study will benefit

engineering students like the researchers for it will

give a

glimpse on the actual situations regarding flood

resilience of urban areas, what measures to take in

reducing its direct and indirect impacts.

Scope & Limitation of the Study

This study will focus mainly on the investigation

of the current flood resilience strategies; hence, the

model components will be based on the situation in

Barangay San Juan ACCFA. Research will be conducted by a

group of BSCE Batch 2017-2018, and their concern will be

the “Flood Resilience, Planning and Management in

Barangay San Juan ACCFA in Cabanatuan City‖ for fiscal

year 2018.

FLOOD RESILIENCE, PLANNING & MANAGEMENT:

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 It is difficult to decide when complete resilience

is reached, therefore, the model will not be an absolute

measurement of resilience capacity – it will be a

measurement for description/identification purposes.

The study area has been chosen due to the sufficient

amount of data being one the mostly flooded area in

Cabanatuan City – the chosen area was one of the topmost

candidates.

The study may or may not include information about

historical flood responses or testing of real flood

event.

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Definition of Key Terms

The following terms are defined either operationally or

conceptually or both so as to give light on how they are

used and for the better understanding of the study:

Barangay San Juan ACCFA. It is one of 89 the barangays

of Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. The place is located at

latitude (15.486252) and longitude (120.971596) on the

map of Philippines. It is identified as a flood -prone

area in the city.

Constituents. These are the people in a certain place

represented by an elected official or officials

Flood. It is an overflowing of a large amount of

water beyond its normal confines, especially over what is

normally dry land.

Flood risk management. This is the risk-based approach

to managing the threat of flooding.

Hazards. The word means something which could be

dangerous to people, to their health or safety or their

plans or reputation.

Management. This is the focusing on prevention,

protection, preparedness, including flood forecasts and

early warning systems of concerned people or

organization.

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 Planning. It is the provision of conceptualized

schemes to address disturbances in cases of flood and

outlining recovery projects.

Resilience. The term refers to the capacity to recover

quickly from difficulties and/or toughness of situation.

Sangguniang Barangay of San Juan ACCFA. The

organization refers to the local barangay officials of

Barangay San Juan ACCFA, Cabanatuan City led by the

chairman, barangay councillors/committee chairs.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter includes associated literature coming

from local and even foreign countries containing

information which helps out the present study. The

Related Literatures will be of great assistance in

showing how flood resilience, planning and management are

laid out locally or in foreign setting, thus, knowledge

of effective risks management can be shared, adopted or

adopted once found applicable in a similar flood -prone

area.

Foreign Literature

An elaborate system of flood way defences can be

found in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The Red River

flows northward from the United States, passing through

the city of Winnipeg (where it meets the Assiniboine

River) and into Lake Winnipeg. As is the case with all

north-flowing rivers in the temperate zone of the

Northern Hemisphere, snow melt in southern sections may

cause river levels to rise before northern sections have

had a chance to completely thaw. This can lead to

devastating flooding, as occurred in Winnipeg during the

spring of 1950.

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 To protect the city from future floods, the Manitoba

government undertook the construction of a massive system

of diversions, dikes, and flood ways (including the Red

River Flood way and the Portage Diversion). The system

kept Winnipeg safe during the 1997 flood which devastated

many communities upriver from Winnipeg, including Grand

Forks, North Dakota and Ste. Agathe, Manitoba.

In the United States, on the other hand, the U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers is the lead flood control

agency.[7] After Hurricane Sandy, New York City's

Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) initiated

multiple flood barrier projects to protect the transit

assets in Manhattan. In one case, the MTA's New York City

Transit Authority (NYCT) sealed subway entrances in lower

Manhattan using a deployable fabric cover system called

Flex-Gatea system that protects the subway entrances

against 14 feet (4.3 m) of water Extreme storm flood

protection levels have been revised based on new Federal

Emergency Management Agency guidelines for 100-year and

500-year design flood elevations.

Meanwhile, in New Orleans Metropolitan Area, 35

percent of which sits below sea level, is protected by

hundreds of miles of levees and flood gates. This system

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failed catastrophically, with numerous breaks, during

Hurricane Katrina (2005) in the city proper and in

eastern sections of the Metro Area, resulting in the

inundation of approximately 50 percent of the

metropolitan area, ranging from a few inches to twenty

feet in coastal communities.

The Morganza Spillway provides a method of diverting

water from the Mississippi River when a river flood

threatens New Orleans, Baton Rouge and other major cities

on the lower Mississippi. It is the largest of a system

of spillways and floodways along the Mississippi.

Completed in 1954, the spillway has been opened twice, in

1973 and in 2011.

In an act of successful flood prevention, the

federal government offered to buy out flood-prone

properties in the United States in order to prevent

repeated disasters after the 1993 flood across the

Midwest. Several communities accepted and the government,

in partnership with the state, bought 25,000 properties

which they converted into wetlands. These wetlands act as

a sponge in storms and in 1995, when the floods returned,

the government did not have to expend resources in those

areas.

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 Across Asia, like in India, Bangladesh and China,

flood diversion areas are rural areas that are

deliberately flooded in emergencies in order to protect

cities.

The consequences of deforestation and changing land

use on the risk and severity of flooding are subjects of

discussion. In assessing the impacts of Himalayan

deforestation on the Ganges-Brahmaputra Lowlands, it was

found that forests would not have prevented or

significantly reduced flooding in the case of an extreme

weather event.] However, more general or overview studies

agree on the negative impacts that deforestation has on

flood safety - and the positive effects of wise land use

and reforestation.

Many have proposed that loss of vegetation

(deforestation) will lead to an increased risk of

flooding. With natural forest cover the flood duration

should decrease. Reducing the rate of deforestation

should improve the incidents and severity of floods

In Egypt, both the Aswan Dam (1902) and the Aswan

High Dam (1976) have controlled various amounts of

flooding along the Nile river.

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 Following the misery and destruction caused by the

1910 Great Flood of Paris, the French government built a

series of reservoirs called Les Grands Lacs de Seine (or

Great Lakes) which helps remove pressure from the Seine

during floods, especially the regular winter

flooding.[18]

London is protected from flooding by a huge mechanical

barrier across the River Thames, which is raised when the

water level reaches a certain point.

Venice has a similar arrangement, although it is

already unable to cope with very high tides. The defenses

of both London and Venice will be rendered inadequate if

sea levels continue to rise.

The largest and most elaborate flood defenses can be

found in the Netherlands, where they are referred to as

Delta Works with the Oosterschelde dam as its crowning

achievement. These works were built in response to the

North Sea flood of 1953, in the southwestern part of the

Netherlands. The Dutch had already built one of the

world's largest dams in the north of the country. The

Afsluitdijk closing occurred in 1932.

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 The Saint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility

Complex was completed in 2008, in Russia, to protect

Saint Petersburg from storm surges. It also has a main

traffic function, as it completes a ring road around

Saint Petersburg. Eleven dams extend for 25.4 kilometres

(15.8 mi) and stand 8 metres (26 ft) above water level.

Foreign Studies

Records of loss of life and damage caused by floods

worldwide show that these have continued to rise steadily

during recent years. Understandably, the response has

been to call for increased efforts to protect life and

property. However, given the density of population and

level of investment on flood plains, such protection can

only be achieved at great cost and often at the expense

of denying the productive use of flood-prone land.

Furthermore, small and medium sized floods can be a vital

source of freshwater and can bring other benefits to the

community and the NATURAL environment.

At the same time, the sustainable and effective

management of water resources demands a holistic approach

- linking socio-economic development with the protection

of natural ecosystems and appropriate management links

between land and water uses. It is recognized that a

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river basin is a dynamic system in which there are many

interactions between land and water bodies. In the light

of this, attempts are needed and should be tried to

improve the functioning of the river basin as a whole

rather than simply fixing local problems.

This has called for the Integrated Flood Management

(IFM), a new approach in which consideration is given to

the positive as well as the negative aspects of flood

waters and to the valuable resource that is represented

by the flood plains that these waters occupy on

occasions.

Floods are the leading cause of natural disaster

deaths worldwide and were responsible for 6.8 million

deaths in the 20th century. Asia is the most flood-

affected region, accounting for nearly 50% of flood-

related fatalities in the last quarter of the 20th

century 1,2,3. The Center for Research on the

Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) defines a flood as ―a

significant rise of water level in a stream, lake,

reservoir or coastal region‖ 4. More colloquially,

flooding is the ―presence of water in areas that are

usually dry‖ 1. The events and factors that precipitate

flood events are diverse, multifaceted, and interrelated.

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Weather factors include heavy or sustained precipitation,

snowmelts, or storm surges from cyclones whereas

IMPORTANT human factors include structural failures of

dams and levees, alteration of absorptive land cover with

impervious surfaces and inadequate drainage systems.

Geographic regions such as coastal areas, river basins

and lakeshores are particularly at risk from storms or

cyclones that generate high winds and storm surge 5.

Environmental/physical land features including soil type,

the presence of vegetation, and other drainage basin

characteristics also influence flood outcomes 6. Floods

transpire on varying timelines, ranging from flash floods

with little warning to those that evolve over days or

weeks (riverine). Flash floods, characterized by high-

velocity flows and SHORT warning times have the highest

average mortality rates per event and are responsible for

the majority of flood deaths in developed countries

1,3,7.

In contrast, riverine floods which are caused by

gradual accumulation of heavy rainfall are less likely to

cause mortality because of sufficient time for warning

and evacuation. Occasionally floods are associated with

secondary hazards such as mudslides in mountainous areas.

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 Recent accelerations in population growth and

changes in land use patterns have increased human

vulnerability to floods. Harmful impacts of floods

include direct mortality and morbidity and indirect

displacement and widespread damage of crops,

infrastructure and property. Immediate causes of death in

floods include drowning and trauma or injury 1,8. Over an

extended time period, there may also be increased

mortality due to infectious disease. The risks posed by

future flood events are significant given population

growth, proximities of populations to coastlines,

expanded development of coastal areas and flood plains,

environmental degradation and climate change. The

objectives of this review were to describe the impact of

floods on the human population, in terms of mortality,

injury, and displacement and to identify risk factors

associated with these outcomes.

This is one of five reviews on the human impact of

natural disasters, the others being volcanoes, cyclones,

tsunamis, and earthquakes.

Floods are natural and seasonal phenomena, which

play an important environmental role, but when they take

place at the built environments, many losses of different

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kinds occur. By its side, urban growth is one of the main

causes of urban floods aggravation. Changes in land use

occupation, with vegetation removal and increasing of

impervious rates lead to greater run-off volumes flowing

faster. Intensed urbanization is a relatively recent

process; however, floods and drainage concerns are

related to city development since ancient times. Drainage

systems are part of a city infrastructure and they are an

important key in urban life. If the drainage system

fails, cities become subjected to floods, to possible

environmental degradation, to sanitation and health

problems and to city services disruption.

To date, traditional drainage practices have relied

on conveyance of runoff through pipes, accelerating the

speed of runoff and bypassing the natural buffering

effect of soils and vegetation. Consequently, both

volumes and rates of runoff increase significantly after

development. This can lead to a variety of problems

including flooding, soil erosion, reduced recharge of

groundwater and reduced river base flow. Furthermore, the

impermeable surfaces associated with urban development

are often contaminated by a variety of pollutants (such

as gross pollutants, detergents, trace metals,

hydrocarbons, nutrients, pesticides and herbicides) which

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are entrained in the runoff and discharge into receiving

waters, causing pollution. Sustainable drainage systems

aim towards maintaining or restoring a more natural

hydrological regime, such that the impact of urbanization

on downstream flooding and water quality is minimized.

Storm water drainage wells are used extensively

throughout the country to remove storm water or urban

runoff (e.g., precipitation and snowmelt) from impervious

surfaces such as roadways, roofs, and paved surfaces to

prevent flooding, infiltration into basements, etc.

One of the key features of Leidsche Rijn is its

storm water management system, which is mainly made as an

open system, visible to the citizens in order to improve

the quality of life for the inhabitants. Storm water is

managed in a closed loop system intended to retain water

in the canals year round, to prevent the occurrence of

flooding incidents and with as little intake of water

from the surrounding area as possible

Local Literature

According to the study of Dezcanso, (2011) Disaster

response in the Philippines is truly a multi-sectoral and

mass-based endeavor. A major contingent to the disaster

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management structure is composed of civic organization,

non-government organization, people's organizations, and

all forms of religious and social voluntary groupings.

Partly because of their democratic political experience,

the high public awareness of the destructiveness of

disaster, and partly because the institutional framework

for disaster management has encouraged it, popular

participation of the Filipino people in disaster response

is very broad, sustained, enthusiastic, organized and

ultimately decisive.

In the study of Guillang (2009) that private

organizations have filled gaps in the government response

as well as augmented strained officials’ capacities.

These include services such as medical care, search and

rescue, emergency housing and feeding, and many other

needs. Initiatives in resource mobilization have allowed

the country to tap aid from unaffected areas to flow to

affected areas. Many social institutions like Church, the

schools, the media and professional associations have

become channels for popular participation in disaster

management.

This broad response of the civil society provided

the Philippine disaster response with a depth and

strength gained only from the cruel lessons of recent

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disasters. This may be an important silver lining to dark

clouds of disaster which had the threatened the nation.

The NDCC through the Office of Civil Defense has

taken new directions in the field of disaster reduction.

This is in accordance with the thrust of the new NDCC

Chairman, Defense Secretary Orlando S. Mercado for

excellence in disaster prevention and control shall

implement developmental and impact programs in four major

areas, namely: (1) emergency management; (2)

vulnerability reduction and risk management; (3) human

resource development, and (4) advocacy for civil

protection. (Mercado,2007)

Along these frameworks of action that the NDCC have

been pursuing program component and impact activities in

partnership with the non-government organizations and the

local disaster coordinating councils (LDCC's) to wit;

Brigada Kontra Baha. This is a concerted multi-

sectoral initiative to declog critical estrous and

waterways, drainage system and tributaries floods and to

mitigate their effects on the people and communities.

Initially, this projects has been launched in key cities

of Metro Manila, Cebu City, and Davao City to be

sustained by the local residents through advocacy and

community mobilization.

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 Oplan: Bangun Mindanao. Around 985,000 families have

suffered from situation in Southern and Central Mindanao

due to the impact of the El Nino Phenomenon. In response,

the government launched this coherent and integrated

multi-sectoral rehabilitation program for El Nino

affected areas. It has five strategies: (1) generating

livelihood and household income, (2) enhancing health and

nutrition services, (3) protecting vulnerable communities

from the anticipated impacted of La Nina, (4)

agricultural development and modernization, (5)

reinforcement of DCC's.

Laban La Nina. With the anticipated impact of La

Nina Phenomenon, War Plans of vulnerable regions and

communities were being formulated and simulated in pilot

areas. This contingency plan has four major components:

(1) hazards and risk maps for flood/lahar, (2)

communities and lifelines at risk, (3) capacity and

vulnerability assessment, and (49 strategic

interventions( Revilla, 2011)

Linis Bayan Program. As embodied in Administrative

Order No.32 by the President of the Philippines, this is

the institutionalization of a nationwide clean-up

campaign to encourage the promotion and practice of

cleanliness in all government offices, schools,

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communities and homes aimed at declogging of critical

estros, elimination of mosquito larvae (kiti-kiti) and

breeding sites, and cleaning of offices, schools, public

grounds and roads, among others( Poe, 2013).

Local Studies

For decades, the annual arrival of typhoons in the

Philippines has caused a great havoc to the properties

and lives of the people living specifically in Metro

Manila. Flash flooding is one the results of typhoon due

to the heavy rainfall, which is experienced for days but

are not channeled to the right end destination.

Moreover, the sprawl of urbanization in Metro Manila

has tampered with the water or hydrological cycle.

Concrete pavements have covered the land making it

impossible for soil to seep water that turn to ground

water. The local and national government simultaneously

planned to develop modern drainage systems as an

alternative means to channel the water back to the bodies

of water (Manila Bay or Laguna Lake). However, these

drainage systems do not match the rapid development of

infrastructures and high-rise buildings that disrupts

ideal/existing pathways.

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 As a result, the level of excess water from heavy

rainfall rises and causes massive damage to properties,

business and even the lives of the people living in the

region. Floods maybe the result of urban sprawl but are

relatively composed of several factors. Here are some

factors to be considered with a brief explanation:

FLOOD IS CAUSED BY RAIN THAT HAS INCREASED IN MAGNITUDE

Climate change makes historical flood levels. The

paths of typhoons have also become unpredictable.

Typhoons now cross parts of the archipelago that did not

use to have them regularly and so people are caught

unprepared. Despite these changes in patterns, Metro

Manila still gets dumped with rain, especially since its

total area, and population in this area, is equivalent to

or larger than most provinces and many regions in the

country.

POPULATION AND URBANIZATION

Metro Manila has a population of 13 million and

counting. Urbanization, specifically urban sprawl is a

manifestation of all these millions living together and

needing houses, buildings, roads, parking lots and

infrastructure. All these cover ground that used to be

open and able to absorb much of the storm water that fell

FLOOD RESILIENCE, PLANNING & MANAGEMENT:

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on the metropolis. In our lifetimes we’ve seen fringes of

the metropolis gobbled up and transformed from cogon and

rice fields to thousands of subdivisions, hundreds of

shops and malls, hectares of paved-over parking lots,

dozens of business districts. All this hard covering

serves to channel all the storm water much faster into an

already inadequate drainage system designed when the

reality was much more open land and much less rain. The

open ground before served to mitigate the volume of rain

that flowed into these drains, esteros and our rivers. We

also had more plant cover and trees in the metropolis to

help sop up all this water.

RAIN COMES FROM DENUDED UPLAND WHICH RESULTS TO FLOOD

Metro Manila floods come from elevated surrounding

regions, all the way up to the Sierra Madres. There, we

have lost almost all of our original forest cover from

illegal logging. All this forest cover lost makes

millions of hectares of upland a bald watershed that

flows freely into the metropolis. This situation is

repeated around almost all major urban areas in the

country. The source is upstream and this is where

solutions should start, although it is among the longest-

term solutions. We need to recover our forest cover to

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reduce the amount of rain that floods our low-level

metropolis.

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 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This section presents the method of research used,

the methods of collecting the data and the statistical

techniques used in the treatment of the data gathered.

RESEARCH METHOD

This research entitled “Flood Resilience, Planning

and Management in Barangay San Juan ACCFA in Cabanatuan

City,” will rely on the qualitative method of descriptive

research, where the researchers will be conducting in-

depth interviews, read documents, look for themes, weaves

the sequences of events usually from individuals to form

cohesive story and solution for flooding.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The descriptive research will be used to determine

the ―Flood Resilience, Planning and Management in

Barangay San Juan ACCFA in Cabanatuan City‖.

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RESPONDENTS

The respondents or participants of this study will

be the people directly or indirectly involved or has

background on the celebration of Flood Resilience,

Planning and Management in Barangay San Juan ACCFA in

Cabanatuan City‖. It will be coming from the

engineering office of the city, the officers. Committees

on DRRM and physical facilities development of the

Barangay SAN Juan ACCFA, and selected constituents.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

Prior to an interview to people familiar to the

subject/topic of the research, the researcher will first

consult the local chairman on engineering and

infrastructures of the area to get first-hand information

on whom the survey questionnaires may be distributed to

be used as instruments in the research. Upon

consultation, respondents will then be approached and be

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given background or be provided with orientation of its

purpose. Procedures of filling up will be explained and

so with the objectives intended to the study.

Advantage of this research method includes its low

cost because only 2 sets with 1-2 pages of survey

questionnaires are to be given.

Data collection follows right after the survey

questionnaires are answered and analysis will also be

made as soon as the tabulations are finished.

CONSTRUCTION & VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENTS

The student researchers will use survey

questionnaires, which are a necessity for qualitative

method to obtain its objectives and the retrieval of data

for quantitative results. The questionnaire will include

the profile of the barangay, some questions that will

assume the responses to questions raised in the statement

of the problem.

ADMINISTRATION OF QUESTIONNAIRES

All interviews/surveys are provided to the

respondents and may be translated in the native tongue

especially to the adult participants. Responses will be

treated with confidentiality if desired, and will only be

used for the purpose intended.

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 Verbal Interpretation Rank

strongly agree 5

agree 4

Uncertain 3

disagree 2

Strongly disagree 1

Interview/survey forms are in forms of checklist

where options are to be selected by the respondents

freely.

The questionnaire develops consist of two parts:

I. To describe the different developmental fallacies

in terms of flood control in San Juan Accfa,

Cabanatuan City. And to assess the different

problems exist in the flood control program of the

Barangay

II. To suggest alternative solutions to further improve

the developmental fallacies in terms of flood

control in San Juan Accfa, Cabanatuan City

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF THE DATA

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 The researchers will use the statistical measures

such as mean and percentage to analyze and interpret the

data and results of the study.

Percentage

Where: F = Frequency

N = total number of the respondents

P = percentage

Weighted Mean

Where: WM = Weighted Mean

WF =Weighted Frequency

PROCEDURES FOR THE FORMULATION OF FLOOD CONTROL PLAN

I. DATA AND COLLECTION

 Topographic Information

o Topographic maps

o Land use map

 Hydrological Information

o Rainfall Data

 Flooding Information

o Flood prone areas & causes of flooding

o Flooding conditions such as maximum depth and

duration of flooding

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  Socio-Economic Information

o Population by barangay

o Statistics of commercial and industrial data

by barangay, city and/or municipality.

II. FLOOD CONTROL PLAN

 Field Survey

 Design

 Analysis

III. Formulation of Optimum Plan

PROCEDURES FOR THE FORMULATION OF FLOOD CONTROL PLAN

DATA AND INFORMATION COLLECTION

FLOOD CONTROL PLAN

TABULATING THE RESULTS

FORMULATION OF OPTIMUM PLAN

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 Topographic

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