INTRODUCTION TO NAVAL
ARCHITECTURE
VIGNESHWAR
NAVAL ARCHITECT
SIMS
Naval Architecture:
• the science and engineering of designing ships and other kinds of waterborne
crafts and subsystems.
• Subsystem include Hull, machinery( power, maneuvering, propulsion, safety,
cargo handling etc.), navigation and communication equipment, weapons, deck
machinery, Central computer and damage control etc.
TYPES OF SHIPS
• By Missions
-Military Purpose:
Aircraft carrier, Cruiser, Destroyer, Frigates, Corvettes,
OPV, Interceptors, Service vessel, Patrol boat (gun boat),
Landing craft, submarines.
-Non-military Purpose:
a. Merchant Transportation: Container ships, Bulk carrier
(wheat, coal, ore, mineral), Oil tanker (very large), RORO
vessel, LNG or LPG tanker, Chemical tankers etc.
• By Missions (continues)
-Non-military Purpose:
b. Work Platform: Offshore drilling; Oil and gas production;
Oceanography research; Electronic tracking and surveillance –
satellite, communication, weather monitoring and navigation
assistance; Ocean mining and dredging; Fishing, fish-
processing; Offshore processing – sea water, minerals;
Offshore power generation; Offshore service – construction,
pipe laying, salvage and retrieval, Ice-breaker; Offshore
support for personnel;
• By Missions (continues)
-Non-military Purpose:
c. Offshore commerce: Breakwaters, artificial harbors
(marinas); Deep water mooring (buoys); At sea storage (gas
and LNG terminal); Recreation (artificial reef);
Sea fish farms; Wind Mills; Renewable Energy.
d. Leisure and passenger transport:
Cruise vessels, luxury Yachts, Race
boats, Passenger ferries, Tourist boats, water taxis, Boat
houses.
• By Support (restoring) Forces
-Supported by buoyancy force – Conventional displacement ship
- Supported by Hydrodynamic force - Hydrofoil ships and Planning
Hull ships, at Full Speed.
-Supported by Aerostatic force (pressure) - Air cushion vehicles at
full speed
-Ground supported- Ocean drilling platform (median and shallow
water)
By no of hulls.
• Monohull.
• Catamaran.
• Trimaran.
• Quadramaran.
• Pentamaran.
By Configurations
• Surface displacement: Conventional ships
(single hull); Catamaran (double hull, large deck
area, small displacement, excellent stability).
• Near Surface: Air cushion vehicles; Hydrofoils
and planning hull craft (small displacement, high
speed)
• Submerged: Submersibles; submarines;
Underwater habitats; Submerged buoys.
• Semi submersibles: Very deep, small water
plane
• Bottom supported: Temporary & Permanent
jack-up;
Design characteristics of a ship.
General requirement of ships.
• Range and endurance.
• Speed and performance.
• Transportation efficiency.
• Cargo carrying capacity.
• Pollution levels.
• Safety and Comfort for passenger and crew.( Noise, vibration, ambient conditions
etc.)
• Seaworthiness ( Stability and structural safety).
• Minimum motions( sea keeping).
• Greater directional control( manoeuvring).
• Stealth( radar, electronic, vibration, noise, heat signatures)
• Pleasure.
• Construction and dry-docking
• Port and cargo handling
• Canals
• Special requirement( Ice breaking, amphibious, offshore platforms).
• For Work Platforms:
- Performance: motion, station keeping, structure.
- Logistics: mobility, delivery system, support systems.
- Economics: initial, operating cost, maintenance.
