COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

MKM411
Dr. M. Sharifpur
mohsen.sharifpur@up.ac.za
Lecture May 14th
Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
University of Pretoria

2013
 The Sick Test is scheduled for
Friday May 24th from 12:00 to 13:30
Eng.II 3-28
The material will be from beginning up to the end
of this week lectures (May 17th)
 Test-2
The Solution and common mistakes
Question 1 (11 Marks)
Base on Finite Deference Method derive the algebraic equation for the
boundary nodes 1 and 9 ;
There is a uniform heat generation in the solid as 10000 W/m³.
x  y  10cm
Nodes 1 (5 Marks);
Nodes 1 (5 Marks);


All sides
Q  eVelement  0

x T3  T1 y y y
k ( )  hl (Tl  T1 )  ht 2 (Tt  T1 )   4
2 (TSky  T14 )  Velement eelement  0
2 y 2 2 2
1 x y
Velement  . (1)  0.00125 m3 , eelement  10000W 3
2 2 2 m

x  y  10cm Velement eelement  12.5W

k
(T3  T1 )  0.05hl (Tl  T1 )  0.05 2ht (Tt  T1 )  0.05 2 (TSky
4
 T14 )  12.5  0
2
Nodes 9 (6 Marks);

Are there the axis of symmetry?

No, while the boundary conditions at the left and right

are not the same.
Nodes 9 (6 Marks);


All sides
Q  eVelement  0

T8  T9 T14  T9 T10  T9
ky ( )  kx( )  ky ( )
x y x
y y
2ht 2 (Tt  T9 )  2 4
2 (TSky  T94 )  Velement eelement  0
2 2
3
Velement  x.y (1)  0.0075 m 3 , eelement  10000W 3 x  y  10cm
4 m

k (T8  T9 )  k T14  T9   k T10  T9   ht 0.1 2 (Tt  T9 )   0.1 2 (TSky

4
 T94 )  75  0
Question 2 (15 Marks)
Consider a cylindrical fin
The right hand side is under
convection (Ta , ha) and also
radiation (TR)
The length of the fin is divided to Δx and the governing equation for
this question is:
d  dT 
 kA   ha Pr (T  Ta )  0 Where Pr is the perimeter
dx  dx 
Using finite volume method in order to derive algebraic equation for
only the boundary node at the right hand side as;
aPTP  aW TW  aETE  Su
aP  ?, aW  ? , aE  ? and Su  ?
 Integrate the differential equation(s) over the CV’s.
V
D.E. dV
Differential Equation(s) can be include;
  can be T , u , v , w , P
 2
2) 3) 
1)
 2   can be x, y , z
d 2 d  d  d  dT 
1)     like  
d 2 d  d  dx  dx 

d  dT   dT   dT 

V
k dV   kA
dx  dx 
   kA  
 dx  e  dx  w
k  constant, Ae  Aw  y
 T   T   TE  TP   TP  Tw 
 ky   ky   ky   ky 
 x  e  x  w  x   x 
 d
2) 
d
  like
d
u 
d dx dx
d

V dx
(u )dV  ( Au ) e  ( Au ) w

if   v and   y
d

If using
(v)dV  ( Av) n  ( Av) s  An vn  As vs Central Difference Method
V dy
 v N  vP   vS  v P   v N  vS 
 x   x   x 
 2   2   2 
 d  can be T , u , v , w , P
2)
d  can be x, y , z
if   uT and   x

d

V dx
(uT )dV  ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  AeueTe  Awu wTw 

Central Difference Method

 u E  u P  TE  TP   uW  u P  TW  TP 
 y    y  
 2  2   2  2 
Integrate the differential equation(s) over the CV’s.


V
D.E. dV

3)   can be T , u , v , w , P

V
T dV  TP V

V
u dV  u P V


V
v dV  vP V
Question 2 (15 Marks)
Consider a cylindrical fin
The right hand side is under
convection (Ta , ha) and also
radiation (TR)
The length of the fin is divided to Δx and the governing equation for
this question is:
d  dT 
 kA   ha Pr (T  Ta )  0 Where Pr is the perimeter
dx  dx 
Using finite volume method in order to derive algebraic equation for
only the boundary node at the right hand side as;
aPTP  aW TW  aETE  Su
aP  ?, aW  ? , aE  ? and Su  ?
d  dT  d  dT 
 kA   ha Pr (T  Ta )  0  kA   ha PrT  ha PTa  0
dx  dx  dx  dx 

Integration and simplification;

 2 dT   2 dT 
 kA    kA   ha PrTP V  ha PrTa V  0
 dx e  dx w
V  Ax

 dT   dT 
 kA    kA   ha PrTP x  ha PrTa x  0
 dx  e  dx  w
 dT   dT 
 kA    kA   ha PrTP x  ha PrTa x  0
 dx  e  dx  w
 dT 
qe  qconv  qrad  k  
 dx e

 dT 
qe  ha (Te  Ta )   (T  T )  k 
e
4
R
4

 dx  e
Te is an unknown
 TP  TW 
 e
4
R
4

 ha A(Te  Ta )   A(T  T )   kA
x 
  ha PrTP x  ha PrTa x  0

 Te is an unknown
 TP  TW 

 ha A(Te  Ta )   A(T  T )   kA
e
4 4

x 
R 
  ha PrTP x  ha PrTa x  0


 h AT  h AT   AT 4
  AT 4
  
 kA
T 
kA 
TW   ha Pr xTP  ha PrTa x  0
 x x 
a e a e R P

 h AT   AT  ( kAx T
a e e
4
P  ha Pr xTP ) 
kA
x
TW  (ha PrTa x   ATR4  ha ATa )  0

 

Te  ha A   A Te 3   T ( kA  h P x)  kA T  (h P T x   AT 4  h AT )  0
   P x a r
x
W a r a R a a
 previousiteration 
 Te is an unknown

 

Te  ha A   A Te 3   T ( kA  h P x)  kA T  (h P T x   AT 4  h AT )  0
   P x a r x
W a r a R a a
 previousiteration 

aPTP  aW TW  aETE  Su
TP (
kA
x
 ha Pr x) 
kA
x
 
TW  Te  ha A  ATe3  (ha PrTa x  ATR4  ha ATa )

kA
aP  (  ha Pr x) aW 
kA 
aE   ha A  ATe3 
x x Te3 from previous iteration

Su  (ha PrTa x   ATR4  ha ATa )

Question 3 (24 Marks)
By applying Finite Volume Method (FVM), find the algebraic
equation for the energy equation for all nodes (1, 2, 3 and 4)
by using Central Difference Scheme.

Assume; Steady, 2D, air is

incompressible and has
constant property, no heat
generation, no slip
condition, Δx ≠Δy and the
viscous heat dissipation
function is; u
  Bu
x
Energy Equation for incompressible and constant property
 T 
c  .(Tu)   k .(T )    eg
 t 
In the case of steady and no heat generation;

c.(Tu)  k .(T )  
2D and with the introduced Φ

     T  T  u
c  (uT )  (vT )   k  ( )  ( )     Bu
 x y   x x y y  x

     T  T   u 
  x
c  (uT ) 
y
( vT ) 


dV   k 
 ( )  (
 x x y y 
) 
dV    
 x
 Bu dV

      T  T   u 
  x
c  (uT ) 
y
( vT ) 


dV   k 
 ( )  (
 x x y y 
) 
dV    
 x
 Bu dV


c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s  

  T   T   T   T  
k   A    A    A    A  
  x   x    
 e w  y n  y s 
  ( Au ) e  ( Au ) w   Bu P V
General Equation
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s  
  T   T   T   T  
k A    A    A    A     ( Au ) e  ( Au ) w   Bu P V
  x   x  
 e w  y  n  y  s 

Node 1 (6 Marks)

Tw  Tair  10o C , u w  3 cos 60 m / s

, Ts  40 , vs  0
Node 1 (6 Marks)
Tw  Tair  10o C , u w  3 cos 60 m / s
, Ts  40 , vs  0
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s  
  T   T   T   T  
k A    A    A    A     ( Au ) e  ( Au ) w   Bu P V
  x   x  
 e w  y  n  y  s 
u E  u P TE  TP v  vP TN  TP
c (y  y (3 cos 60)(10)  x N  x(0)Ts ) 
2 2 2 2
 T  TP   TP  Tw   TN  TP   TP  Ts   uE  uP 
k (y E   y    x 
 
  x 
 
 )   y   (3 cos 60)   Bu P xy
 x   x / 2   y   y / 2   2 
u 2  u1 T2  T1 v  v T T T T   T  10 
c (y  y (3 cos 60)(10)  x 4 1 4 1 )  k (y 2 1   y 1 
2 2 2 2  x   x / 2 
T T   T  40   u  u1 
x 4 1   x 1 )  y 2  (3 cos 60)   Bxyu1
 y   y / 2   2 
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s  
  T   T   T   T  
k A    A    A    A     ( Au ) e  ( Au ) w   Bu P V
  x   x  
 e w  y  n  y  s 

Node 2 (6 Marks)

 T 
   0 , ue  0 , Ts  40 C , vs  0
o

 x  e
Node 2 (6 Marks)
 T 
   0 , ue  0 , Ts  40 C , vs  0
o

 x  e
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s  
  T   T   T   T  
k   A    A    A    A     ( Au ) e  ( Au ) w   Bu P V
  x   x    
 e w  y  n  y  s
u  u P TW  TP v  vP TN  TP
c (y (0)Te  y W  x N  x(0)Ts ) 
2 2 2 2
 TP  TW   TN  TP   TP  Ts   u  uP 
k (0  y   x   x )  y 0  W   Bu P xy
 x   y   y / 2   2 
u1  u 2 T1  T2 v3  v2 T3  T2  T2  T1   T3  T2 
c (y  x )  k ( y   x 
2 2 2 2  x   y 
 T  40   u  u2 
 x 2 )  y  1   Bxyu2
 y / 2   2 
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s  
  T   T   T   T  
k A    A    A    A     ( Au ) e  ( Au ) w   Bu P V
  x   x  
 e w  y  n  y  s 

Node 3 (6 Marks)

 T 
   0 , ue  0 , Tn  10 C , vn  3Sin 60 m / s
o

 x e
Node 3 (6 Marks)
 T 
   0 , ue  0 , Tn  10 C , vn  3Sin 60 m / s
o

 x e
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s  
  T   T   T   T  
k   A    A    A    A     ( Au ) e  ( Au ) w   Bu P V
  x   x    
 e w  y  n  y  s 
u  u P TW  TP v  vP TS  TP
c (y(0)Te  y W  x(3Sin 60)(10)  x S )
2 2 2 2
 TP  TW   Tn  TP   TP  TS   u  uP 
k (y (0)  y   x   x )  y 0  W   Bu P xy
 x   y / 2   y   2 
u4  u3 T4  T3 v2  v3 T2  T3
c (y  x(3Sin60)(10)  x )
2 2 2 2
T T   10  T3  T T  u u 
k (y 3 4   x   x 3 2 )  y 4 3   Bu3 xy
 x   y / 2   y   2 
c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s  
  T   T   T   T  
k A    A    A    A     ( Au ) e  ( Au ) w   Bu P V
  x   x  
 e w  y  n  y  s 

Node 4 (6 Marks)

Tw  Tair  10o C , uw  3 cos 60 m / s , Tn  10o C , vn  3Sin 60 m / s

Node 4 (6 Marks)
Tw  Tair  10o C , uw  3 cos 60 m / s , Tn  10o C , vn  3Sin 60 m / s

c ( AuT ) e  ( AuT ) w  ( AvT ) n  ( AvT ) s  

  T   T   T   T  
k A    A    A    A     ( Au ) e  ( Au ) w   Bu P V
  x   x  
 e w  y  n  y  s 
u E  u P TE  TP v  vP TS  TP
c (y  y (3 cos 60)(10)  x(3Sin 60)(10)  x S )
2 2 2 2
 T  TP  T T  T T  T T   u  uP 
k (y E   y P w   x n P   x P S )  y E  (3 cos 60)   Bu P xy
 x   x / 2   y / 2   y   2 
u3  u4 T3  T4 v  v T T
c (y  y (3 cos 60)(10)  x(3Sin 60)(10)  x 1 4 1 4 ) 
2 2 2 2
T T   T  10   10  T4  T T   u  u4 
k (y 3 4   y 4   x   x 4 1 )  y 3  (3 cos 60)   Bxyu 4
 x   x / 2   y / 2   y   2 
You can collect your Test-2 script from
paper hand our now.

The Perusal is on Wednesday 22nd May

From 12:00 to 14:00
In my office (Eng.III 6-85)