CBSE X | Social Science
Board Paper – 2013 Solution
CBSE Board
Class X Social Science
Board Paper – 2013 Solution
(Outside Delhi)
Summative Assessment – II
Answers
1. (a) – Economic Hardship OR (c) – Officials of Imperial Court
2. (d) – All of the above
3. (b) – Wind Power
4. (a) – BAMCEF
5. (a) – United Kingdom
6. (d) – All the above
7. (c) – Banks
8. (a) – To liberalise international trade
9. (a) – Jewellery
Answer 10
The following are three important reasons why the decade of 1830s is known as great
economic hardship in Europe:
i. During the 1830s, there was large-scale unemployment in Europe. In most of the
European countries, employment opportunities were low in number, whereas job
seekers were many.
ii. Cities had come to be extremely overcrowded. As a result, slums had started coming
up as more people migrated from the rural areas to the urban areas.
iii. Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of
cheap machine-made goods from England where industrialisation was more
advanced, especially in textile production.
OR
The main objective of the Tonkin Free School was to provide Western style education.
i. The education imparted in this institution included Science, Hygiene and French.
ii. It was not enough to acquire knowledge in Science and Western ideas. It was also
important to learn how to look ‘modern’ in the Western sense of the term. Both these
factors displayed the colonial mentality of the French rulers towards the natives.
iii. The French wanted to consolidate their control over Vietnam through the control of
education. There was a definite attempt to change the values, norms and perceptions
of people to accept the superiority of French culture and civilisation.
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Answer 11
The following are the measures adopted by the British Government to repress the
movement started against the Rowlatt Act:
i. Fearing that railway and telegraph lines might be cut by those protesting the Act, the
Government unleashed harsher than usual measures to suppress the movement.
ii. Local leaders were imprisoned and Gandhi was prohibited from entering Delhi. On
10th April 1919, the police fired upon a peaceful procession in Amritsar.
iii. This action of the Government resulted in attacks on banks, post offices and railway
stations. Martial law was soon imposed and General Dyer took over the command.
Answer 12
Among the demands made by Gandhi in his letter to Viceroy Irwin, some of the demands
were general in nature, whereas others were of interest to specific sections such as
industrialists and peasants. The demand for the abolition of salt tax was the most
important because it was a problem faced by Indians of all socioeconomic classes. Salt was
and remains a product of daily consumption. Because it is naturally available in nature, the
tax imposed on it was considered an injustice done to Indians. Gandhi’s letter gave the
Government an ultimatum for accepting his demands, failing which he threatened to launch
a Civil Disobedience Campaign.
Answer 13
In 2005, the Government formulated the National Jute Policy with the objective of
increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to jute farmers and
enhancing the yield per hectare. The jute industry faced tough competition from synthetic
substitutes and competitors such as Bangladesh and Brazil. The growing global concern for
environment-friendly, biodegradable materials also led to the Government policy of
mandatory use of jute packaging.
Answer 14
The following are three important reasons why India has not been able to perform to her
full potential in iron and steel production:
i. High cost of production and limited availability of coking coal
ii. Lower productivity of labour
iii. Irregular supply of energy
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Answer 15
Means of transport and communication are complementary to each other in the following
three ways:
i. Transport and communication establish links between production centres and
consumption centres and provide the links through which these two centres carry out
trade.
ii. Such networks connect the remote pockets of the country with other parts. Hence,
effective distribution of produced goods becomes possible.
iii. The movement of raw material becomes much more efficient if there are elaborate
means of transport and communications available.
Answer 16
Pressure groups are organisations which strive to influence the policies of the Government.
They could do so by forming an organisation and undertaking activities to promote their
interests or viewpoints. These organisations are formed when people with common
occupation, interest, aspirations or opinions come together to achieve a common objective.
The following are the differences between pressure groups and political parties:
i. Unlike pressure groups which try to influence the Government’s policies, political
parties are groups of people which come together to contest elections and hold power
in the Government.
ii. While pressure groups tend to wield power, if any, without responsibilities, political
parties aim at direct control or share of political power of the State.
iii. Pressure groups are not accountable to people, whereas political parties have to face
the people in elections and thus have to be responsive to people’s needs and views.
Answer 17
Democracy is better than any other form of Government because
i. Democracy tends to promote equality among citizens.
ii. It enhances the dignity of the individual. It supports the dignity of women and
strengthens the claims of the disadvantaged sections of society.
iii. Democracy is supposed to be transparent in nature and is supposed to improve the
quality of the decision-making process in the country.
iv. Democracy provides various mechanisms to resolve conflicts in a peaceful manner.
v. Democracy also allows individuals the chance to correct their mistakes.
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Answer 18
The foundational challenge of democracy involves making the transition to democracy and
then establishing democratic Government. It involves establishing a sovereign and
functional State. The challenge also involves bringing down the existing non-democratic
regime, keeping military away from the centre of power and establishing civilian control
over all institutions by holding democratic elections.
In a country such as Myanmar, a political leader like Suu Kyi was kept under house arrest
for more than 20 years. Thus, in this case, the foundational challenge recognises the need to
release political prisoners of the State or recall them if exiled and hold multi-party
elections.
Answer 19
When local companies launch a joint venture with MNCs:
i. The MNCs provide the finances for additional investments for faster production.
ii. MNCs bring with them the latest technology for enhancing and improving production.
iii. Some Indian companies have had very successful foreign collaborations. Globalisation
has enabled some Indian companies to expand into multinational corporations.
iv. Parakh Foods was a small company which has been bought over by a big American
company – Cargill foods. Parakh Foods had built a large marketing network in various
parts of India as a well-reputed brand. It had four oil refineries whose control has now
shifted to Cargill. Now, Cargill is the largest manufacturer of edible oil in India making
five million pouches daily.
Answer 20
Credit means loans. It refers to a sort of agreement in which the lender supplies the
borrower with money, goods or services in return for the promise of future repayment.
i. Cheap and affordable credit for poor households is essential for a country’s economic
development and material growth. It is required for a variety of important economic
activities such as big or small investments, setting up of businesses and buying of cars
and houses.
ii. In the rural hinterland, credit helps in the development of agriculture by helping
farmers purchase seeds, fertilisers, pesticides and farming machinery.
iii. Manufacturers require credit to sustain operational costs, for buying raw material and
to purchase plant machinery and equipment.
iv. Some people may also avail of credit to provide for marriage or illness.
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Answer 21
Under the ‘Right to Seek Redressal’, consumers have the right to seek redressal against
trade practices of exploitation and seek a fair settlement of the genuine grievances. They
can seek redressal through consumer courts functioning at district, state and national
levels and may get compensation from a manufacturer/trader if any harm is done.
Example: Suresh sent an urgent courier to his brother living in another city. However, the
courier did not reach on time which resulted in some financial loss to both Suresh and his
brother. Thus, Suresh filed a case against the courier company in the consumer court.
Answer 22
It can be said that culture, music, dance and religion played an important role in the
development of nationalism in Europe:
i. The role of culture was important in the sense that it instilled among the people of
Europe an idea of a shared heritage. The ultimate result of this was the development
of nationalism. Art, poetry and music, all helped in expressing nationalist feelings
among the people. Romanticism, in particular, was a cultural movement which
contributed a great deal in this process. Romantic artists and poets criticised the
glorification of reason and science and instead focused on emotions and intuition.
ii. Language also played an important role. After the Russian occupation, the Polish
language was forced out of schools and Russian was imposed everywhere. In 1831, an
armed rebellion against Russian rule took place which was later crushed. After this,
many members of the Polish clergy began to use language as a weapon of national
resistance.
iii. The Romantic German philosopher Herder said that true German culture was to be
found among the common people – das volk. Folk songs, folk poetry and dances
further popularised the idea of nation.
OR
The following are the important features of the ‘Go East Movement’:
i. The ‘Go East Movement’ gained a foothold in Vietnam in the first decade of the 20 th
century. In 1907–08, about 300 Vietnamese students went to Japan to attain modern
education.
ii. The principal objective of the Go East Movement was to drive out the French from
Vietnam, overthrow the puppet Emperor and re-establish the Nguyen dynasty which
had been deposed by France.
iii. Japan had undergone a massive modernisation and industrialisation process and had
resisted colonisation by the West. It had even defeated Russia in 1907 and displayed
its military prowess.
iv. Hence, Vietnamese nationalists sought arms and tactical help from the Japanese as
fellow Asians.
v. The Vietnamese students had established a branch of the Restoration Society in
Tokyo. However, the Japanese Ministry of Interior clamped down on them in 1908.
Many activists, including Phan Boi Chau, were deported and had to seek exile in
countries such as China and Thailand.
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Answer 23
Gandhi had made certain demands on behalf of the whole of the Indian National Congress
to the British Government. When these demands were not fulfilled, the Civil Disobedience
Movement was launched in 1930. The following are four important features of the
movement:
i. The movement began with Gandhi’s march from Sabarmati to the coastal town of
Dandi in Gujarat. On 6th April, Gandhi reached Dandi where he broke the salt law in
defiance of the British by making salt from sea water.
ii. All classes and categories of people were now asked to not only be uncooperative of
the British regime but also break unjust colonial laws.
iii. As soon as the movement started, all important leaders including Gandhi and Nehru
were arrested. In all, 90,000 people were arrested and 67 newspapers were banned.
iv. During the movement, salt was manufactured in many areas, foreign cloth was
boycotted, liquor shops were picketed and peasants refused to pay revenue and
chaukidari taxes. A large number of village officials also resigned and forest laws were
violated on a large scale.
Answer 24
The following are the reasons why mineral resources need to be conserved:
i. The formation of minerals takes a long geological period of millions of years.
ii. Minerals are finite and limited in supply.
iii. Many of them such as coal and petroleum are non-renewable and exhaustible.
iv. Their rate of replenishment is small in comparison with the rate of their consumption.
v. They are very important for the future of industrial development of a country.
The following are the four ways in which mineral resources can be conserved:
i. Minerals should be used in a planned, judicious and sustainable manner.
ii. Technology should be upgraded to allow the use of low grade ore at low costs.
iii. Recycling of metals also results in the conservation of mineral resources.
iv. Many small steps such as car pooling and switching off the lights when not in use can
lead to conservation of mineral resources.
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Answer 25
Advancement of a country’s international trade is an index of its economic prosperity
because
i. International trade is in fact an ‘economic barometer’ of a country. A healthy volume
of it ensures a trickling down of prosperity into the macroeconomy as well.
ii. No country is self-sufficient in all resources or services. It has to resort to
international trade in order to satisfy one or the other need of its economy.
iii. If the balance of international trade is favourable to a country, it can earn more
foreign exchange and hence strengthen its financial position in the market.
iv. International trade induces a country to develop secondary and tertiary sectors for
exporting goods which can fetch more foreign exchange.
v. A country’s economic prosperity can be gauged by the health of its international trade.
Answer 26
Parties are essential for a democracy to sustain itself. The rise of political parties is directly
associated with the inception of representative democracies.
i. The party system is not something any country can choose.
ii. It actually develops out of the nature and the culture of society on which it is built.
iii. The social and regional divisions, its history of politics and the system of elections also
play a role.
iv. Each country develops a party system which is conditioned by its special
circumstances. For example, India has evolved a multi-party system because of its
social and geographical diversity which cannot be easily absorbed by two or three
political parties.
v. Political parties formulate policies to attain collective good, and there can be different
views on what is good for all. Therefore, no party system is ideal for all countries in all
situations.
Answer 27
It is seen that on an average, dictatorial regimes have had a slightly better record of
economic growth, i.e. 4.34%. However, if this record is compared with that in the poor
countries, there is almost no difference. It is 4.28%. Within democracies, there can be very
high levels of economic inequality. In countries such as South Africa and Brazil, the top
20% people appropriate more than 60% of the national income, whereas less than 3%
remains for the bottom 20%. However, as research shows, economic development and
economic equality often depend on several factors such as country’s size, global situation,
cooperation from other countries and economic priorities. While countries such as Sweden
and Norway have achieved greater levels of economic equality, countries with more
complex problems like India have so far been slow in achieving this goal.
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Board Paper – 2013 Solution
Answer 28
The two categories of credit sources are ‘formal’ and ‘informal’.
The following are four features of formal sources of credit:
i. The most important in this category are banks and cooperative societies. Loans can be
obtained from these.
ii. The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of these formal sources.
iii. Bank loans require documentation and collateral. The latter is used as guarantee until
the loan is paid back.
iv. Formal sources are not allowed to charge any rate of interest and have to adhere to
governmental norms.
Informal sources of credit:
i. In the informal field, money can be borrowed from a person, friend, relative,
moneylender, trader and employer.
ii. There is no regulatory or supervisory body in this sector.
iii. Loans from this sector of credit do not require any collateral.
iv. Often, a very high percentage of interest is charged as there is no collateral.
Answer 29
The following are the factors which have helped in the process of globalisation:
i. Rapid development in technology has contributed a great deal in furthering
globalisation. Technological advancement has resulted in faster delivery of goods and
services across longer distances at cheaper costs.
ii. Development in information and communication technology has brought the world a
lot closer. Telecommunication technologies such as telephone, telegraph and fax are
often used to contact people and organisations around the world, access information
on an urgent basis and communicate with remote areas. Tele-conferences are
nowadays often used in order to avoid long trips around the world.
iii. Developments in information technology have helped in the spreading out of the
production of services around the globe. Orders are nowadays placed through the
Internet, designing is done on computers and payments are done online. E-mail and
voice-mail are available at negligible costs.
iv. The cost of air transport has fallen gradually. This has resulted in greater volumes of
goods and people being transported across the world.
v. E-banking, e-commerce, e-learning, e-mail and e-governance are becoming more
commonplace.
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CBSE X | Social Science
Board Paper – 2013 Solution
Answer 30.1 and 30.2
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