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Helical Spring Design and Calculations

1) A helical spring is made of wire wound into a coil, applying an axial load P produces an extension δ. 2) If the spring is cut across the coil, it will experience direct shear stress from P and torsional shear stress from the torque PR. 3) The total extension δ of a round spring is given by a formula involving the spring's geometry and material's modulus of rigidity G, which can be determined from the spring constant k.

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1K views2 pages

Helical Spring Design and Calculations

1) A helical spring is made of wire wound into a coil, applying an axial load P produces an extension δ. 2) If the spring is cut across the coil, it will experience direct shear stress from P and torsional shear stress from the torque PR. 3) The total extension δ of a round spring is given by a formula involving the spring's geometry and material's modulus of rigidity G, which can be determined from the spring constant k.

Uploaded by

G. Dancer Gh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Helical Spring

 A close-coiled helical spring is composed of a wire of round rod of diameter d wound into
a helix of mean radius R, (R >> d) with n number of turns.
 If an axial load P is applied to the spring, then an extension of δ will be produced.

 If the spring sectioned as shown in the figure (at the curvature) two types of internal load will
be present, internal shear force V = P and internal torque T = PR, then two types of shear stress
will be developed in this sectional area, direct shear stress and torsional shear stress.
𝑃 𝑃
 Direct shear stress = =𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑2
4
𝑑
𝑇( ) 16𝑃𝑅
2
 Torsional shear stress = 𝜋 𝑑 4 =
( ) 𝜋𝑑3
2 2

 Total shear stress = Direct shear stress + Torsional shear stress


16𝑃𝑅 𝑑
Total shear stress = (1 + )
𝜋𝑑3 4𝑅
64𝑃𝑛𝑅3
 The total extension (δ) of a round spring of n turns is given by δ =
𝐺𝑑4
𝑃 𝐺𝑑4 64𝑘𝑛𝑅3
 Spring constant k = = ; hence, the modulus of rigidity, G =
𝛿 64𝑅3 𝑛 𝑑4
Experiment

A wire of diameter 4 mm is used to form a helical spring of 80 turns and 30 mm outer diameter.

Outer diameter Dout = 30 mm, then R = 13 mm.

Load (kg) Extension (mm)


0 0
0.203873598 0.8
0.509683996 2
0.815494393 3.2
0.917431193 3.6
1.325178389 5.2
1.732925586 6.8
1.936799185 7.6

Analysis:

i. Draw the P-δ diagram and find the spring constant, k (N/mm).
ii. Find the modulus of rigidity of the spring’s material.
iii. Determine the total shear stress developed in the spring when P = 19 kg.

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