Bullets PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 10.

The nurse shouldn’t administer chlorpromazine (Thorazine) to a

patient who has ingested alcohol because it may cause oversedation
1. According to Kübler-Ross, the five stages of death and dying are and respiratory depression.
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. 11. Lithium toxicity can occur when sodium and fluid intake are
2. Flight of ideas is an alteration in thought processes that’s insufficient, causing lithium retention.
characterized by skipping from one topic to another, unrelated topic. 12. An alcoholic who achieves sobriety is called a recovering
3. La belle indifférence is the lack of concern for a profound alcoholic because no cure for alcoholism exists.
disability, such as blindness or paralysis that may occur in a patient 13. According to Erikson, the school-age child (ages 6 to 12) is in the
who has a conversion disorder. industry-versus-inferiority stage of psychosocial development.
4. Moderate anxiety decreases a person’s ability to perceive and 14. When caring for a depressed patient, the nurse’s first priority is
concentrate. The person is selectively inattentive (focuses on safety because of the increased risk of suicide.
immediate concerns), and the perceptual field narrows. 15. Echolalia is parrotlike repetition of another person’s words or
5. A patient who has a phobic disorder uses self-protective phrases.
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avoidance as an ego defense mechanism.
16. According to psychoanalytic theory, the ego is the part of the
6. In a patient who has anorexia nervosa, the highest treatment
psyche that controls internal demands and interacts with the outside
priority is correction of nutritional and electrolyte imbalances.
world at the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels.
7. A patient who is taking lithium must undergo regular (usually
17. According to psychoanalytic theory, the superego is the part of
once a month) monitoring of the blood lithium level because the
the psyche that’s composed of morals, values, and ethics. It
margin between therapeutic and toxic levels is narrow. A normal
continually evaluates thoughts and actions, rewarding the good and
laboratory value is 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L.
punishing the bad. (Think of the superego as the “supercop” of the
8. Early signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal include anxiety,
unconscious.)
anorexia, tremors, and insomnia. They may begin up to 8 hours after
18. According to psychoanalytic theory, the id is the part of the
the last alcohol intake.
psyche that contains instinctual drives. (Remember i for instinctual
9. Al-Anon is a support group for families of alcoholics.
and d for drive.)
19. Denial is the defense mechanism used by a patient who denies the 28. A compulsion is an irresistible urge to perform an irrational act,
reality of an event. such as walking in a clockwise circle before leaving a room or
20. In a psychiatric setting, seclusion is used to reduce overwhelming washing the hands repeatedly.
environmental stimulation, protect the patient from self-injury or 29. A patient who has a chosen method and a plan to commit suicide
injury to others, and prevent damage to hospital property. It’s used in the next 48 to 72 hours is at high risk for suicide.
for patients who don’t respond to less restrictive interventions. 30. The therapeutic serum level for lithium is 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L.
Seclusion controls external behavior until the patient can assume 31. Phobic disorders are treated with desensitization therapy, which
self-control and helps the patient to regain self-control. gradually exposes a patient to an anxiety-producing stimulus.
21. Tyramine-rich food, such as aged cheese, chicken liver, avocados, 32. Dysfunctional grieving is absent or prolonged grief.
bananas, meat tenderizer, salami, bologna, Chianti wine, and beer 33. During phase I of the nurse-patient relationship (beginning, or
may cause severe hypertension in a patient who takes a monoamine orientation, phase), the nurse obtains an initial history and the nurse
oxidase inhibitor. and the patient agree to a contract.
22. A patient who takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor should be 34. During phase II of the nurse-patient relationship (middle, or
weighed biweekly and monitored for suicidal tendencies. working, phase), the patient discusses his problems, behavioral
23. If the patient who takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor has changes occur, and self-defeating behavior is resolved or reduced.
palpitations, headaches, or severe orthostatic hypotension, the nurse 35. During phase III of the nurse-patient relationship (termination, or
should withhold the drug and notify the physician. resolution, phase), the nurse terminates the therapeutic relationship
24. Common causes of child abuse are poor impulse control by the and gives the patient positive feedback on his accomplishments.
parents and the lack of knowledge of growth and development. 36. According to Freud, a person between ages 12 and 20 is in the
25. The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is based on clinical findings genital stage, during which he learns independence, has an increased
of two or more cognitive deficits, progressive worsening of memory, interest in members of the opposite sex, and establishes an identity.
and the results of a neuropsychological test. 37. According to Erikson, the identity-versus-role confusion stage
26. Memory disturbance is a classic sign of Alzheimer’s disease. occurs between ages 12 and 20.
27. Thought blocking is loss of the train of thought because of a 38. Tolerance is the need for increasing amounts of a substance to
defect in mental processing. achieve an effect that formerly was achieved with lesser amounts.
39. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among white teenagers. 50. The diagnosis of autism is often made when a child is between
40. Most teenagers who kill themselves made a previous suicide ages 2 and 3.
attempt and left telltale signs of their plans. 51. Defense mechanisms protect the personality by reducing stress
41. In Erikson’s stage of generativity versus despair, generativity and anxiety.
(investment of the self in the interest of the larger community) is 52. Suppression is voluntary exclusion of stress-producing thoughts
expressed through procreation, work, community service, and from the consciousness.
creative endeavors. 53. In psychodrama, life situations are approximated in a structured
42. Alcoholics Anonymous recommends a 12-step program to environment, allowing the participant to recreate and enact scenes to
achieve sobriety. gain insight and to practice new skills.
43. Signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa include amenorrhea, 54. Psychodrama is a therapeutic technique that’s used with groups to
excessive weight loss, lanugo (fine body hair), abdominal distention, help participants gain new perception and self-awareness by acting
and electrolyte disturbances. out their own or assigned problems.
44. A serum lithium level that exceeds 2.0 mEq/L is considered toxic. 55. A patient who is taking disulfiram (Antabuse) must avoid
45. Public Law 94-247 (Child Abuse and Neglect Act of 1973) ingesting products that contain alcohol, such as cough syrup,
requires reporting of suspected cases of child abuse to child fruitcake, and sauces and soups made with cooking wine.
protection services. 56. A patient who is admitted to a psychiatric hospital involuntarily
46. The nurse should suspect sexual abuse in a young child who has loses the right to sign out against medical advice.
blood in the feces or urine, penile or vaginal discharge, genital 57. “People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones” and “A
trauma that isn’t readily explained, or a sexually transmitted disease. rolling stone gathers no moss” are examples of proverbs used during
47. An alcoholic uses alcohol to cope with the stresses of life. a psychiatric interview to determine a patient’s ability to think
48. The human personality operates on three levels: conscious, abstractly. (Schizophrenic patients think in concrete terms and might
preconscious, and unconscious. interpret the glass house proverb as “If you throw a stone in a glass
49. Asking a patient an open-ended question is one of the best ways house, the house will break.”)
to elicit or clarify information. 58. Signs of lithium toxicity include diarrhea, tremors, nausea, muscle
weakness, ataxia, and confusion.
 59. A labile affect is characterized by rapid shifts of emotions and 69. After sexual assault, the patient’s needs are the primary concern,
mood. followed by medicolegal considerations.
60. Amnesia is loss of memory from an organic or inorganic cause. 70. Patients who are in a maintenance program for narcotic
Like this FB Page: Philboardreview abstinence syndrome receive 10 to 40 mg of methadone (Dolophine)
61. A person who has borderline personality disorder is demanding in a single daily dose and are monitored to ensure that the drug is
and judgmental in interpersonal relationships and will attempt to ingested.
split staff by pointing to discrepancies in the treatment plan. 71. Stress management is a short-range goal of psychotherapy.
62. Disulfiram (Antabuse) shouldn’t be taken concurrently with 72. The mood most often experienced by a patient with organic brain
metronidazole (Flagyl) because they may interact and cause a syndrome is irritability.
psychotic reaction. 73. Creative intuition is controlled by the right side of the brain.
63. In rare cases, electroconvulsive therapy causes arrhythmias and 74. Methohexital (Brevital) is the general anesthetic that’s
death. administered to patients who are scheduled for electroconvulsive
64. A patient who is scheduled for electroconvulsive therapy should therapy.
receive nothing by mouth after midnight to prevent aspiration while 75. The decision to use restraints should be based on the patient’s
under anesthesia. safety needs.
65. Electroconvulsive therapy is normally used for patients who have 76. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) relieves the extrapyramidal adverse
severe depression that doesn’t respond to drug therapy. effects of psychotropic drugs.
66. For electroconvulsive therapy to be effective, the patient usually 77. In a patient who is stabilized on lithium (Eskalith) therapy, blood
receives 6 to 12 treatments at a rate of 2 to 3 per week. lithium levels should be checked 8 to 12 hours after the first dose,
67. During the manic phase of bipolar affective disorder, nursing care then two or three times weekly during the first month. Levels should
is directed at slowing the patient down because the patient may die be checked weekly to monthly during maintenance therapy.
as a result of self-induced exhaustion or injury. 78. The primary purpose of psychotropic drugs is to decrease the
68. For a patient with Alzheimer’s disease, the nursing care plan patient’s symptoms, which improves function and increases
should focus on safety measures. compliance with therapy.
 79. Manipulation is a maladaptive method of meeting one’s needs 92. Depression is clinically significant if it’s characterized by
because it disregards the needs and feelings of others. exaggerated feelings of sadness, melancholy, dejection,
80. If a patient has symptoms of lithium toxicity, the nurse should worthlessness, and hopelessness that are inappropriate or out of
withhold one dose and call the physician. proportion to reality.
81. A patient who is taking lithium (Eskalith) for bipolar affective 93. Free-floating anxiety is anxiousness with generalized
disorder must maintain a balanced diet with adequate salt intake. apprehension and pessimism for unknown reasons.
82. A patient who constantly seeks approval or assistance from staff 94. In a patient who is experiencing intense anxiety, the fight-or-flight
members and other patients is demonstrating dependent behavior. reaction (alarm reflex) may take over.
83. Alcoholics Anonymous advocates total abstinence from alcohol. 95. Confabulation is the use of imaginary experiences or made-up
84. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is the drug of choice for treating information to fill missing gaps of memory.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. 96. When starting a therapeutic relationship with a patient, the nurse
85. Setting limits is the most effective way to control manipulative should explain that the purpose of the therapy is to produce a
behavior. positive change.
86. Violent outbursts are common in a patient who has borderline 97. A basic assumption of psychoanalytic theory is that all behavior
personality disorder. has meaning.
87. When working with a depressed patient, the nurse should explore 98. Catharsis is the expression of deep feelings and emotions.
meaningful losses. 99. According to the pleasure principle, the psyche seeks pleasure and
88. An illusion is a misinterpretation of an actual environmental avoids unpleasant experiences, regardless of the consequences.
stimulus. 100. A patient who has a conversion disorder resolves a psychological
89. Anxiety is nonspecific; fear is specific. conflict through the loss of a specific physical function (for example,
90. Extrapyramidal adverse effects are common in patients who take paralysis, blindness, or inability to swallow). This loss of function is
antipsychotic drugs. involuntary, but diagnostic tests show no organic cause.
Like this FB Page: Philboardreview 101. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) is the drug of choice for treating
91. The nurse should encourage an angry patient to follow a physical alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
exercise program as one of the ways to ventilate feelings.
102. For a patient who is at risk for alcohol withdrawal, the nurse 110. Repression is an unconscious defense mechanism whereby
should assess the pulse rate and blood pressure every 2 hours for the unacceptable or painful thoughts, impulses, memories, or feelings
first 12 hours, every 4 hours for the next 24 hours, and every 6 hours are pushed from the consciousness or forgotten.
thereafter (unless the patient’s condition becomes unstable). 111. Hypochondriasis is morbid anxiety about one’s health associated
103. Alcohol detoxification is most successful when carried out in a with various symptoms that aren’t caused by organic disease.
structured environment by a supportive, nonjudgmental staff. 112. Denial is a refusal to acknowledge feelings, thoughts, desires,
104. The nurse should follow these guidelines when caring for a impulses, or external facts that are consciously intolerable.
patient who is experiencing alcohol withdrawal: Maintain a calm 113. Reaction formation is the avoidance of anxiety through behavior
environment, keep intrusions to a minimum, speak slowly and and attitudes that are the opposite of repressed impulses and drives.
calmly, adjust lighting to prevent shadows and glare, call the patient 114. Displacement is the transfer of unacceptable feelings to a more
by name, and have a friend or family member stay with the patient, acceptable object.
if possible. 115. Regression is a retreat to an earlier developmental stage.
105. The therapeutic regimen for an alcoholic patient includes folic 116. According to Erikson, an older adult (age 65 or older) is in the
acid, thiamine, and multivitamin supplements as well as adequate developmental stage of integrity versus despair.
food and fluids. 117. Family therapy focuses on the family as a whole rather than the
106. A patient who is addicted to opiates (drugs derived from poppy individual. Its major objective is to reestablish rational
seeds, such as heroin and morphine) typically experiences communication between family members.
withdrawal symptoms within 12 hours after the last dose. The most 118. When caring for a patient who is hostile or angry, the nurse
severe symptoms occur within 48 hours and decrease over the next 2 should attempt to remain calm, listen impartially, use short
weeks. sentences, and speak in a firm, quiet voice.
107. Reactive depression is a response to a specific life event. 119. Ritualism and negativism are typical toddler behaviors. They
108. Projection is the unconscious assigning of a thought, feeling, or occur during the developmental stage identified by Erikson as
action to someone or something else. autonomy versus shame and doubt.
109. Sublimation is the channeling of unacceptable impulses into 120. Circumstantiality is a disturbance in associated thought and
socially acceptable behavior. speech patterns in which a patient gives unnecessary, minute details
 and digresses into inappropriate thoughts that delay communication 129. Organic brain syndrome is the most common form of mental
of central ideas and goal achievement. illness in elderly patients.
Like this FB Page: Philboardreview 130. A person who has an IQ of less than 20 is profoundly retarded and
121. Idea of reference is an incorrect belief that the statements or is considered a total-care patient.
actions of others are related to oneself. 131. Reframing is a therapeutic technique that’s used to help depressed
122. Group therapy provides an opportunity for each group member to patients to view a situation in alternative ways.
examine interactions, learn and practice successful interpersonal 132. Fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and paroxetine (Paxil) are
communication skills, and explore emotional conflicts. serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat depression.
123. Korsakoff’s syndrome is believed to be a chronic form of 133. The early stage of Alzheimer’s disease lasts 2 to 4 years. Patients
Wernicke’s encephalopathy. It’s marked by hallucinations, have inappropriate affect, transient paranoia, disorientation to time,
confabulation, amnesia, and disturbances of orientation. memory loss, careless dressing, and impaired judgment.
124. A patient with antisocial personality disorder often engages in 134. The middle stage of Alzheimer’s disease lasts 4 to 7 years and is
confrontations with authority figures, such as police, parents, and marked by profound personality changes, loss of independence,
school officials. disorientation, confusion, inability to recognize family members,
125. A patient with paranoid personality disorder exhibits suspicion, and nocturnal restlessness.
hypervigilance, and hostility toward others. 135. The last stage of Alzheimer’s disease occurs during the final year
126. Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder. of life and is characterized by a blank facial expression, seizures,
127. Adverse reactions to tricyclic antidepressant drugs include loss of appetite, emaciation, irritability, and total dependence.
tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, hypomania, lowered seizure 136. Threatening a patient with an injection for failing to take an oral
threshold, tremors, weight gain, problems with erections or orgasms, drug is an example of assault.
and anxiety. 137. Reexamination of life goals is a major developmental task during
128. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory consists of 550 middle adulthood.
statements for the subject to interpret. It assesses personality and 138. Acute alcohol withdrawal causes anorexia, insomnia, headache,
detects disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia, in and restlessness and escalates to a syndrome that’s characterized by
adolescents and adults.
 agitation, disorientation, vivid hallucinations, and tremors of the 148. When witnessing psychiatric patients who are engaged in a
hands, feet, legs, and tongue. threatening confrontation, the nurse should first separate the two
139. In a hospitalized alcoholic, alcohol withdrawal delirium most individuals.
commonly occurs 3 to 4 days after admission. 149. Patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia must be observed
140. Confrontation is a communication technique in which the nurse during meals and for some time afterward to ensure that they don’t
points out discrepancies between the patient’s words and his purge what they have eaten.
nonverbal behaviors. 150. Transsexuals believe that they were born the wrong gender and
141. For a patient with substance-induced delirium, the time of drug may seek hormonal or surgical treatment to change their gender.
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from the body. 151. Fugue is a dissociative state in which a person leaves his familiar

142. Treatment for alcohol withdrawal may include administration of surroundings, assumes a new identity, and has amnesia about his

I.V. glucose for hypoglycemia, I.V. fluid containing thiamine and previous identity. (It’s also described as “flight from himself.”)

other B vitamins, and antianxiety, antidiarrheal, anticonvulsant, and 152. In a psychiatric setting, the patient should be able to predict the

antiemetic drugs. nurse’s behavior and expect consistent positive attitudes and

143. The alcoholic patient receives thiamine to help prevent peripheral approaches.

neuropathy and Korsakoff’s syndrome. 153. When establishing a schedule for a one-to-one interaction with a

144. Alcohol withdrawal may precipitate seizure activity because patient, the nurse should state how long the conversation will last

alcohol lowers the seizure threshold in some people. and then adhere to the time limit.

145. Paraphrasing is an active listening technique in which the nurse 154. Thought broadcasting is a type of delusion in which the person

restates what the patient has just said. believes that his thoughts are being broadcast for the world to hear.

146. A patient with Korsakoff’s syndrome may use confabulation 155. Lithium should be taken with food. A patient who is taking

(made up information) to cover memory lapses or periods of lithium shouldn’t restrict his sodium intake.

amnesia. 156. A patient who is taking lithium should stop taking the drug and

147. People with obsessive-compulsive disorder realize that their call his physician if he experiences vomiting, drowsiness, or muscle

behavior is unreasonable, but are powerless to control it. weakness.

157. The patient who is taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for 168. Asking too many “why” questions yields scant information and
depression can include cottage cheese, cream cheese, yogurt, and may overwhelm a psychiatric patient and lead to stress and
sour cream in his diet. withdrawal.
158. Sensory overload is a state in which sensory stimulation exceeds 169. Remote memory may be impaired in the late stages of dementia.
the individual’s capacity to tolerate or process it. 170. According to the DSM-IV, bipolar II disorder is characterized by
159. Symptoms of sensory overload include a feeling of distress and at least one manic episode that’s accompanied by hypomania.
hyperarousal with impaired thinking and concentration. 171. The nurse can use silence and active listening to promote
160. In sensory deprivation, overall sensory input is decreased. interactions with a depressed patient.
161. A sign of sensory deprivation is a decrease in stimulation from the 172. A psychiatric patient with a substance abuse problem and a major
environment or from within oneself, such as daydreaming, psychiatric disorder has a dual diagnosis.
inactivity, sleeping excessively, and reminiscing. 173. When a patient is readmitted to a mental health unit, the nurse
162. The three stages of general adaptation syndrome are alarm, should assess compliance with medication orders.
resistance, and exhaustion. 174. Alcohol potentiates the effects of tricyclic antidepressants.
163. A maladaptive response to stress is drinking alcohol or smoking 175. Flight of ideas is movement from one topic to another without any
excessively. discernible connection.
164. Hyperalertness and the startle reflex are characteristics of 176. Conduct disorder is manifested by extreme behavior, such as
posttraumatic stress disorder. hurting people and animals.
165. A treatment for a phobia is desensitization, a process in which the 177. During the “tension-building” phase of an abusive relationship,
patient is slowly exposed to the feared stimuli. the abused individual feels helpless.
166. Symptoms of major depressive disorder include depressed mood, 178. In the emergency treatment of an alcohol-intoxicated patient,
inability to experience pleasure, sleep disturbance, appetite changes, determining the blood-alcohol level is paramount in determining the
decreased libido, and feelings of worthlessness. amount of medication that the patient needs.
167. Clinical signs of lithium toxicity are nausea, vomiting, and 179. Side effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) include
lethargy. diarrhea, decreased libido, weight loss, and dry mouth.
 180. Before electroconvulsive therapy, the patient is given the skeletal 191. The therapeutic serum level of lithium (Eskalith) for maintenance
muscle relaxant succinylcholine (Anectine) by I.V. administration. is 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L.
Like this FB Page: Philboardreview 192. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety-related disorder.
181. When a psychotic patient is admitted to an inpatient facility, the 193. Al-Anon is a self-help group for families of alcoholics.
primary concern is safety, followed by the establishment of trust. 194. Desensitization is a treatment for phobia, or irrational fear.
182. An effective way to decrease the risk of suicide is to make a 195. After electroconvulsive therapy, the patient is placed in the lateral
suicide contract with the patient for a specified period of time. position, with the head turned to one side.
183. A depressed patient should be given sufficient portions of his 196. A delusion is a fixed false belief.
favorite foods, but shouldn’t be overwhelmed with too much food. 197. Giving away personal possessions is a sign of suicidal ideation.
184. The nurse should assess the depressed patient for suicidal Other signs include writing a suicide note or talking about suicide.
ideation. 198. Agoraphobia is fear of open spaces.
185. Delusional thought patterns commonly occur during the manic 199. A person who has paranoid personality disorder projects
phase of bipolar disorder. hostilities onto others.
186. Apathy is typically observed in patients who have schizophrenia. 200. To assess a patient’s judgment, the nurse should ask the patient
187. Manipulative behavior is characteristic of a patient who has what he would do if he found a stamped, addressed envelope. An
passive– aggressive personality disorder. appropriate response is that he would mail the envelope.
188. When a patient who has schizophrenia begins to hallucinate, the 201. After electroconvulsive therapy, the patient should be monitored
nurse should redirect the patient to activities that are focused on the for post-shock amnesia.
here and now. 202. A mother who continues to perform cardiopulmonary
189. When a patient who is receiving an antipsychotic drug exhibits resuscitation after a physician pronounces a child dead is showing
muscle rigidity and tremors, the nurse should administer an denial.
antiparkinsonian drug (for example, Cogentin or Artane) as ordered. 203. Transvestism is a desire to wear clothes usually worn by members
190. A patient who is receiving lithium (Eskalith) therapy should of the opposite sex.
report diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscular weakness, or lack of 204. Tardive dyskinesia causes excessive blinking and unusual
coordination to the physician immediately. movement of the tongue, and involuntary sucking and chewing.
205. Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) and benztropine (Cogentin) are 216. Disulfiram (Antabuse) is administered orally as an aversion
administered to counteract extrapyramidal adverse effects. therapy to treat alcoholism.
206. To prevent hypertensive crisis, a patient who is taking a 217. Ingestion of alcohol by a patient who is taking disulfiram
monoamine oxidase inhibitor should avoid consuming aged cheese, (Antabuse) can cause severe reactions, including nausea and
caffeine, beer, yeast, chocolate, liver, processed foods, and vomiting, and may endanger the patient’s life.
monosodium glutamate. 218. Improved concentration is a sign that lithium is taking effect.
207. Extrapyramidal symptoms include parkinsonism, dystonia, 219. Behavior modification, including time-outs, token economy, or a
akathisia (“ants in the pants”), and tardive dyskinesia. reward system, is a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity
208. One theory that supports the use of electroconvulsive therapy disorder.
suggests that it “resets” the brain circuits to allow normal function. 220. For a patient who has anorexia nervosa, the nurse should provide
209. A patient who has obsessive-compulsive disorder usually support at mealtime and record the amount the patient eats.
recognizes the senselessness of his behavior but is powerless to stop 221. A significant toxic risk associated with clozapine (Clozaril)
it (ego-dystonia). administration is blood dyscrasia.
210. In helping a patient who has been abused, physical safety is the 222. Adverse effects of haloperidol (Haldol) administration include
nurse’s first priority. drowsiness; insomnia; weakness; headache; and extrapyramidal
211. Pemoline (Cylert) is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms, such as akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and dystonia.
disorder (ADHD). 223. Hypervigilance and déjà vu are signs of posttraumatic stress
212. Clozapine (Clozaril) is contraindicated in pregnant women and in disorder (PTSD).
patients who have severe granulocytopenia or severe central nervous 224. A child who shows dissociation has probably been abused.
system depression. 225. Confabulation is the use of fantasy to fill in gaps of memory.
213. Repression, an unconscious process, is the inability to recall
painful or unpleasant thoughts or feelings.
214. Projection is shifting of unwanted characteristics or shortcomings
to others (scapegoat).
215. Hypnosis is used to treat psychogenic amnesia.