ENERGY INVESTMENT

Glucose-6-Phosphate Fructose-6-Phosphate
Glucose
-The transformation of
-obtained from food -Addition of a phosphate
Glucose strucutre to Fructose
group from ATP
(isomer of Glucose)
HEXOKINASE PHOSPHOGLUCOISOMERASE

PHOSPHOFRUCTOISOMERASE

TRIOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE

Glyceraldehyde-3-
Fructose-1,6- Dihydroxyacetone-
H E X O K I N A S E

Phosphate (2)
bisphosphate phosphate From the splitting of fructose-
-Addition of another -Splitting yields this substrate 1,6-bisphosphate and
Phosphate group from ATP and G3P isomerization of
ALDOLASE dihhydroxyactone-phosphate
ENERGY
CAPTURE G3P DEHYDROGENASE
H E X O K I N A S E

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate
(2) 3-phosphoglycerate
(2) (2)
-Oxidation of G3P causes the
reduction of NAD+ to NADH and -Phosphate group is
the attchment of free phospahte
-The removal of a phosphate repositioned on the carbon
groups to G#P
group "recharges" ATP chain
PHOSPHOGLYCEROKINASE PHOSPHOGLYCEROMUTASE

ENOLASE

phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate (2) ENERGY INVESTMENT: 2ATP

(2) ENERGY GAINED: 4 ATP

-Phosphate group is
-The removal of water forms removed and attached to 2NADH
an enol ADP forming ATP and
leaving Pyruvate NET GAIN: 2ATP, 2NADH
PYRUVATE KINASE

GLYCOLYSIS
PYRUVATE OXIDATION

PYRUVATE ACETYL- COA

-Ready to enter Krebs
-FROM GLYCOLYSIS
Cycle

ENERGY GAINED:1 NADH (per Pyr uvat e)

2 NADH (per Gl ucose)

 Krebs Cycle

Acetyl -CoA

-FROM pyruvate OXIDATION

Combination of
Oxaloacetate and Acetyl
ACONITASE
CoA Citric Acid

Oxaloacetate
Isocitrate
-Malate is
-Isomer of citrate
dehydrogenated

MALATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOCITRATE

DEHYDROGENASE

Malate Alpha Ketoglutarate

-addition of water to -decarboxylation and dehydrogenation of
Fumarate Isocitrate

ALPHA KETOGLUTARATE
FUMARASE DEHYDROGENASE

Fumarate Succinyl-CoA
-Dehydrogenation of decarboxylation and dehydrogenation of Alpha
Succinate Ketoglutarate

Succinate
-removal of CoA group SUCCINYL-COA SYNTHETASE
SUCCINATE forming GTP (forming ATP)
DEHYDROGENASE

ENERGY GAINED: Per Pyr uvat e Per Gl ucose

3 NADH 6 NADH

1FADH2 2FADH2

1 GTP (ATP) 2 GTP (ATP)

Electron Transport Chain

NADH FADH2 SHUTTLED OXYGEN HYDROGEN

COMPLEX IV

ATP SYNTHASE
COMPLEX I

COMPLEX II

COMPLEX III
ENTERS ENTERS ELECTRONS ACCEPTS GRADIENT
GO HERE ELECTRONS USED TO
AND FORM ATP
PROTONS FROM ADP
TO FORM
WATER

ENERGY GAINED: FINAL ENERGY COUNT:

1NADH=3ATP GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE OXIDATION KREBS CYCLE ETC (aft er pr ocess ing)

1FADH2=2ATP 2 ATP 2ATP 4ATP

2NADH 2NADH 6NADH 30ATP

2FADH2 4ATP

38ATP