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Discussion of C3, C4, and CAM Photosynthesis

C3 plants use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon and rely on rubisco to fix carbon dioxide, resulting in some carbon loss through photorespiration. C4 plants physically separate the light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycle into mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, reducing carbon loss. CAM plants separate carbon fixation over a diurnal cycle by opening stomata at night to fix carbon dioxide into organic acids then using it for photosynthesis during the day when stomata are closed, allowing them to prevent water loss in arid climates.

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148 views2 pages

Discussion of C3, C4, and CAM Photosynthesis

C3 plants use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon and rely on rubisco to fix carbon dioxide, resulting in some carbon loss through photorespiration. C4 plants physically separate the light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycle into mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, reducing carbon loss. CAM plants separate carbon fixation over a diurnal cycle by opening stomata at night to fix carbon dioxide into organic acids then using it for photosynthesis during the day when stomata are closed, allowing them to prevent water loss in arid climates.

Uploaded by

waqas bhatti00
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Discussion of C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis

C3 plants

A typical plant is one that doesn't have photosynthetic adjustments to decrease

photorespiration is called a C3 plant. The initial step of the Calvin cycle is the obsession

of carbon dioxide by rubisco, and plants that utilization just this standard instrument of

carbon obsession are called C3 plant. First molecule produced in the cycle called 3-

phosphoglyceric acid. Mostly 85% plants in earth use C3 pathway to fix carbon via the

Calvin cycle. During one step process, enzyme RuBisCO causes an oxidation reaction.

Some energy used in photosynthesis is lost a process as a photorespiration. 25%

reduction in the amount of carbon is fixed by the plant and release back in to the

atmosphere as C02.

C4 Plants

In C4 plants, the light-reliant responses and the Calvin cycle are physically isolated, with

the light-needy responses happening in the mesophyll cells and the Calvin cycle

happening in extraordinary cells around the leaf veins. These cells are called group

sheath cells. This causes Hatch-Slack pathway and named for 4-Carb intermediate

molecule that are produced malic acid. C4 has one step in the pathway before the

Calvin cycle which reduce amount of carbon that is lost in the overall process. CO2 is

taken by plant moved to bundle sheath cell by malic acid molecule called malate and

aspartate. Oxygen content inside bundle sheath cell is very low so RuBisCO enzyme

catalyzes oxidation.
CAM plants

A few plants that are adjusted to dry conditions, for example, desert plants and

pineapples, utilize the crassulacean and metabolism (CAM) pathway to limit

photorespiration. Rather than isolating the light-needy responses and the utilization of

CO2 in the Calvin cycle in space, CAM plants separate these procedures in time.

During the evening, CAM plants open their stomata, enabling CO2 to diffuse into the

leaves. This CO2 is fixed into oxaloacetate by PEP carboxylase then changed over to

malate or another sort of natural corrosive. This uses the Crassulacean acid metabolism

also cause CAM plants storing water due to the dry arid climate they live in. It has

stomata close during the day to prevent water loss open at night to take C02 from the

atmosphere. C02 converted in the molecule and stored until the daylight returns and

photosynthesis by the Calvin cycles.

C4 and CAM plant both use alternative method for carbon fixation to prevent

photorespiration and water loss. During the day, the stomata is close but the CO2

already stored so these plants also avoid photorespiration.

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