CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background and Nature of the Project

Hospitals play a very big role in society’s economic and social well-being. Their
healing and rehabilitative functions empower them to bring back a person’s productivity
in society. It is very important that the hospital carry out its mission of healing
successfully.

Health status has improved dramatically in the Philippines over the last forty
years: infant mortality has dropped by two thirds, the prevalence of communicable
diseases has fallen and life expectancy has increased to over 70 years. However,
considerable inequities in health care access and outcomes between socio-economic
groups remain. (The Philippines Health System Review, 2011). As for the province of
Zambales, with currently 20 functioning hospitals, (9 of which are primary hospitals, 2
secondary, and only 1 tertiary level) the need for a fully subsidized health care system and
a well-planned healthcare facility is indeed a top priority.

Subic, Zambales  is a fast-growing municipality/town and is expected to become

a component city in the future. With the rapid increase in population, medical patients
with serious ailments are usually taken to the hospital in Olongapo City for treatment.
Patients from far flung barangays experience difficulty conveying from their place of
residence to hospitals in nearby municipalities. With this situation, the researcher wants to
propose a Medical Center for the municipality of Subic, Zambales that can cater medical
and healthcare needs of its society and nearby municipalities.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The governments health agenda is to provide quality health care to the public.
The purpose of this research is to provide a health facility that can cater the healthcare
needs of the people of Subic, Zambales. The study aims to create a therapeutic design of
a hospital for the citizens of Subic and its neighboring municipalities.

1.3 Objective of the Study

The research aims to explore new solutions in designing and planning

architectural spaces with therapeutic effects to the patient. The goal is to design and plan
the facilities of the proposed Subic Medical Center that will meet the requirements of the
Department of Health classification of hospitals in terms of services offered and capacity
to handle patients.

The project aims to determine the present and future needs and capacity of the
hospital with regards to the population of the location and its neighboring provinces.

1.4 Significance of the Study

 One of the functions of this research is to provide creative and technical
assistance to public hospitals. Determining the current status of the health care system of
the province of Subic can help identify the facilities needed to increase the service
capability and improve the quality of health care in the province. The results of this study
can be beneficial providing recommendations for other hospitals near Subic. It will also
serve as a basis for future designs of public hospitals for innovative therapeutic designs.

1.5 Project Scope and Limitation

The scope of the research shall be with the bounds of the design of the hospital
and integrating therapeutic environments in the planning and designing of the facilities.
The scope of the study shall also explore new architectural designs, planning of spaces
and study of behavioral circulation of the users in the Hospital.

The limitations of this research are the available applicable designs and
technology available to aid in the healing process. The research is limited to architectural
solutions of integrating therapeutic environments in the design of the hospital. It aims to
create and enhance the design of spaces for therapeutic environments and not meddle
with management and procedural processes in the hospital.
 1.6 Definition of Terms

Ailments - a bodily or mental disorder or illness. 

Health - can be defined as physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and as a resource for
living a full life. It refers not only to the absence of disease, but the ability to recover and
bounce back from illness and other problems.

Healthcare system - is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that

deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.

Hospital - is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical
and nursing staff and medical equipment.

Health Inequity - Health inequities are systematic differences in the health status of

different population groups. 

Patient - a person receiving or registered to receive medical treatment.

Therapeutic Environment - can refer to physical, social, and psychological safe spaces
that are specifically designed to be healing. But most often, the term therapeutic
environment refers to a physical space that is set up to allow individuals to work through
and overcome medical issues.

Therapeutic Design – or Therapeutic architecture can be described as the people-

centered, evidence-based discipline of the built environment, which aims to identify and
support ways of incorporating those spatial elements that interact with people
physiologically and psychologically into design.

Medical Center - a hospital, especially one staffed and equipped to care for many
patients and for a large number of kinds of diseases and dysfunctions, using sophisticated
technology.
 CHAPTER 2

CASE STUDIES

2.1 Local Case Studies

2.1.1 Philippine General Hospital

General Description

The Philippine General Hospital (PGH) is a tertiary state-owned hospital

administered and operated by the University of the Philippines Manila. It is designated as
the National University Hospital, and the largest government facility and referral center.
It is the largest training hospital in the country and is generally known as the hospital for
indigent patients.

Architectural analysis

The Philippine General Hospital Administration Building is situated along Taft

Avenue in Manila. It was built by architect William E. Parsons in neo-classic style that
follows the Daniel Burnham plan for Manila. This plan included Manila Hotel, Army and
Navy Club and the Philippine General Hospital. These were executed by his successor,
Parsons included who was a city planner in the Philippines during the early
period American colonization in the country. His works was a clear translation of
Neoclassicism into a new hybrid of colonial tropical architecture.

Location: Taft avenue, Ermita, Manila

Figure 01. Site Location

Figure 02. PGH Facade

Review
Environment and Micro-climate. Philippine General Hospital (PGH) is located in Ermita,
Manila. Located at the central part of the city, the district is a significant center of
finance, education, culture and commerce. Ermita serves as the civic center of the city,
bearing the seat of city government and a large portion of the area's employment,
business, and entertainment activities.

User Behavior and Requirements. PGH was established primarily to provide

medical/surgical services to non-infective conditions especially among indigent Filipinos.

Utility and Space Enhancement. PGH has 19 clinical departments which, with their
attached units, offer excellent facilities for the delivery of comprehensive care for both
healthy and sick Filipinos, especially the poor and marginalized, seeking specialty and
subspecialty care. It has 1,100 beds and 400 private beds, and has an estimated of 4,000
employees to serve more than 600,000 patients yearly.

Form and Function. Philippine General Hospital was built by architect William E.

Parsons in neo-classic style that follows the Daniel Burnham plan for Manila.

Horizontal and Vertical Circulation. Long and wide hallways are provided throughout the
hospital for the purpose of emergency.

Site Planning and Landscape Detailing. It stands within a 10 hectare site located at the
UP Manila Campus in Ermita, Manila.

Structural Details. The structural works for the central administration building, a surgical
pavilion with two operating rooms, a building for dispensary and out-clinic, five ward
pavilions of sixty beds each, a nurses’ home, a kitchen, an ambulance stable and morgue
were completed on November 30, 1909.
Building Services. Fire alarms, emergency exits and water supply are provided throughout
the whole building. To serve better it’s main purpose for the patients.

Design Detailing. Since Philippine General Hospital is the oldest general hospital in the
philippines the design and details of the building are of neoclassic and tropical.

Socio-Economic Profile of User Group. PGH is considered the biggest modern

government tertiary hospital in the Philippines, servicing more than 600,000 patients
annually. It remains as the only national referral center for tertiary care, providing direct
and quality patient services to thousands of indigent Filipinos all over the country. 

Parking Details and Standards. Parking spaces are provided in front of the building for
easy access for patients and medical attendants.

Architectural Synthesis

When designing a Hospital, location wise is very important, it must be near the
central business district for easy access to patients need and emergencies, giving it other
purpose like a medical school is also a wise decision because it gives dual purpose.

2.1.2 Makati Medical Center

General Description

Makati Medical Center (MakatiMed) is a teriary hospital in the Philippines with

more that 600 beds. The hospital was founded on May 31, 1969. It is one of the hospitals
owned and operated by Medical Doctors Inc., a subsidary of Metro Pacific Investments
Coporation.

Makati Medical Center is located at Ayala Avenue. MakatiMed was recently

renovated and the creation of a new wing expanded its services offered. Makati Medical
Center is not a new hospital, in fact MakatiMed is almost 4 decades old and the
architecture of the former main building will attest to that. However this should not be a
reason to dismiss the kind of health care it provides because aside from the state of the art
medical equipment that is uses, Makati Medical Center is also well known for its
distinguised doctors and dedicated medical attendants.

Architectural Analysis

Location : Makati, Metro Manila

Established: May 31, 1969

Figure 03. Site Location

Facilities:
 Figure 04. Hospital Lobby

Figure 05. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Figure 06. Surgery room

Review

Environment and Micro-climate. Makati Medical Center is Located at the heart of the
country’s primary central business district, Makati City.
User Behavior and Requirements. Makati Medical Center was established to provide a
high quality and high end medical facility to cater to patients who are in need of medical
assistnace.

Utility and Space Enhancement. MakatiMed was designed and built on the central
business distric of makati. It’s architectural style and interior are of modern design, to
give patients a state of the art facility.

Form and Function. Makati Medical Center, is a tertiary hospital in Makati, Metro

Manila, Philippines with more than 600 beds. 

Horizontal and Vertical Circulation. Stairs, hallways and elevators are provided inside
the facility for patients safety and easy access to health facilities inside the building.

Site Planning and Landscape Detailing. Aside from providing state of the art facilities.
MakatiMed was built inside the center of makati’s Centarl Business District, so that it can
cater and provide instant and fast quality health care service.

Building Services. The whole building is fully air-conditioned, water supply unit are well
maintained. Fire alarm systems are equiped throughout the whole building for the users
safety in case of emergencies. Fire exits are also provided.

Design Detailing. To ensure the safety of each patients in all places, the facility provided
access for safety and ease of patients and staff of the medical center.

Socio-Economic Profile of User Group. At MakatiMed they attend to all medical needs
and provides state of the art medical srvices and equipments for patients satisfactory.
Parking Details and Standards. Since Makati Medical Center is a huge medical facility
they provided a parking lot in front of the main facility so that it can cater to the patients
and medical attendants who works in the facility.

Architectural Synthesis

When establishing a hospital, state of the art facilities is very important and that
is what MakatiMed incorporated in their building.

2.1.3 St. Luke’s Medical Center (SLMC)

General Description

St. Luke’s Medical Center (SLMC) is a tertiary referal hospital located in

Quezon City and Bonifacio Global City, Taguig Metro Manila, Philippines. It is
considered as one of the best hospitals in Asia and in the world.

St. Luke’s Medical Center is one of the best healthcare providers in South East
Asia. Today, the hospital has a 680 bed capacity, nine institutes, 10 departments, three
centers, and various programs for charitable service, high tech medical endeavors,
productivity, and total quality management. It takes pride in being the only medical center
in the Philippines with its own research facility that engages in active and sustained
biomedical research through its Research and Biotechnology Division.

Architectural Analysis
Location: Quezon City and Bonifacio Global City, Taguig Metro Manila, Philippines.

Established: 1903

Figure 07. Hospital Facade

Facilities:

Figure 08. Surgery Room

 Figure 09. Private Room

Figure 10. Health and Wellness Center

Review

Environment and Micro-climate. St. Luke’s Medical Center located in Quezon City and
Bonifacio Global City, Taguig Metro Manila, Philippines.

User Behavior and Requirements. SLMC was established to provide state-of-the-art

health care to patient needs and committed in extending their healthcare expertise in
social service, community health and environment safety. 

Utility and Space Enhancement. St. Luke's Quezon City and Global City hospitals possess
a combined total of 1,146 well-appointed rooms to ensure that all patients can be
comfortably attended to, without fear of a shortage in accommodations.

Form and Function. St. Luke's rooms provide a restorative space perfect for healing that
they are a sought-after choice for patients who need hospital care.
Horizontal and Vertical Circulation. Stairs, hallways and elevators are provided inside
the facility for patients safety and easy access to health facilities inside the building.

Site Planning and Landscape Detailing. St. Luke's believes that comfort and a positive
experience are vital in the quest for health and recovery. That is why it is therapeutically
designed to cater an environment for its patients.

Building Services. All units are fully air-conditioned, water supply unit are well
maintained. Fire alarm systems are equiped throughout the whole building for the users
safety in case of emergencies. Fire exits are also provided.

Design Detailing. Since it is for patients. Access are made easily foe walking and as well
as for persons with medical coditions.

Socio-Economic Profile of User Group. St. Luke's started out as fully free outpatient
clinic for the poor in Calle Magdalena, Tondo. It also supports and conducts medical,
dental and surgical missions in rural areas. It was transformed into an independent, non-
sectarian, non-stock, non-profit corporation in the 1970s. and up until now they never
forget to what they commit.

Parking Details and Standards. Since St. Luke’s Medical Center is a huge medical
facility they provided a parking lot within the main facility so that it can cater to the
patients and medical attendants who works in the facility.

Architectural Synthesis

Hospitals are well needed in the society, to provide healthcare to its citizen. For
St. Luke’s Medical Center they provided not just the best medical facility but a state-of-
the-art medical service and environment for its patients. Facility was well designed to
accommodate the patients medical needs.

2.2 Foreign Case Studies

2.2.1 Massachusetts General Hospital

General Description

Massachusetts General Hospital (Mass General or MGH) is the original and

largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and a biomedical research facility
located in the West End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is the third oldest
general hospital in the United States, and has a capacity of 999 beds.

Massachusetts General Hospital conducts the largest hospital-based research

program in the world, with an annual research budget of more than $900 million. It is
currently ranked as the #2 best hospital in the United States by U.S. News & World
Report and #6 in the world by Newsweek.

Architectural Analysis

Location: Boston, Massachusetts

Established: 1811

Architect: Charles Bulfinch

 Figure 11. Site Location

Facilities:

Figure 12. Lobby

Figure 13. Main Entrance

 Figure 14. Semi Private Room

Review

Environment and Micro-climate. The main MGH is located at 55 Fruit Street in Boston ,
Massachusetts. It has expaned into an area formerly known as the West End, adjacent to
the Charles River and Beacon Hill.

User Behavior and Requirements. The hospital handles over one million outpatients each
year and perfroms surgical operations 34,000 yearly and admits over 47,000 patients
every year.

Utility and Space Enhancement. The building houses three floors of operating rooms, and
expanded emergency room, radiation oncology suites, inpatient neurology and
neurosurgery floors, and inpatient oncology floors; all of which increase the inpatient
capacity by 150 beds.

Form and Function. Massachusetts General Hospital, like most hospitals that were
founded in the 19th century, was intended to care for the poor.

Horizontal and Vertical Circulation. Stairs, hallways and elevators are provided inside
the facility for patients safety and easy access to health facilities inside the building.

Site Planning and Landscape Detailing. MGH believes that health is important for
evryone that Is why its facility was built near the river with a view of the mountains, this
is to give a therapeutical approach to its environment and a more effective healing process
for its patients.
Building Services. All units are fully air-conditioned, water supply unit are well
maintained. Fire alarm systems are equiped throughout the whole building for the users
safety in case of emergencies. Fire exits are also provided.

Design Detailing. Since it is for patients. Access are made easily for walking and as well
as for persons with medical coditions.

Socio-Economic Profile of User Group. The hospital has 1,011 beds and admits around
50,000 patients each year The surgical staff performs over 34,000 operations yearly.
[19]
 The obstetrics servicehandles over 3,800 births each year. Evaluating and treating over
2600 trauma patients per year.

Parking Details and Standards. Parkings are provided in front and within the Building
itself. This it to proved quick access for doctors and patients for emergency purpose

Architectural Synthesis

In this study site location was hteir primary concern. The hospital wanted to
provide an environment that is therapeutical for patients recovery that is why they chose
to build it near the river with the view of Beacon Mountain.

2.2.2 Brigham and Women's Hospital

General Description

Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH, "The Brigham") is the second

largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and the largest hospital of
the Longwood Medical and Academic Area in Boston, Massachusetts. Along
with Massachusetts General Hospital, it is one of the two founding members of Partners
HealthCare, the largest healthcare provider in Massachusetts. Brigham and Women's
Hospital conducts the second largest hospital-based research program in the world, with
an annual research budget of more than $630 million. Pioneering milestones at BWH
include the world's first successful heart valve operation and the world's first solid organ
transplant.

Architectural Analysis

Location: Boston, Massachusetts

Established:  1966

Facilities:

Figure 15. BWH facade

Figure 16. Private Room

 Figure 17. cafeteria

Review

Environment and Micro-climate. Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), is recognized

internationally for its excellence and innovation in patient care, biomedical research, and
education and training programs for physicians, scientists and health care professionals.
In addition, BWH is committed to health equity and reducing disparities locally and
through its numerous global health programs.

User Behavior and Requirements. Brigham and Women's Hospital is committed to

providing the highest-quality, patient- and family-centered care. Regarded as one of the
safest hospitals anywhere, BWH was a pioneer developer of computerized physician
order entry (CPOE) to prevent medication errors, now an accepted safety practice in the
U.S. and abroad.

Utility and Space Enhancement. Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), a 793-bed
teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School.

Form and Function. Brigham and Women’s Hospital is designed for quality and safety,
as well as innovative patient and family focused care.
Horizontal and Vertical Circulation. Stairs, hallways and elevators are provided inside
the facility for patients safety and easy access to health facilities inside the building.

Building Services. All units are fully air-conditioned, water supply unit are well
maintained. Fire alarm systems are equiped throughout the whole building for the users
safety in case of emergencies. Fire exits are also provided.

Design Detailing. Since it is for [Link] are made easily for walking and as well
as for persons with medical coditions. Outdoor pavements and garden are provided for
patients to walk arround.

Socio-Economic Profile of User Group. Life-giving breakthroughs is a day-to-day reality

at BWH where they are finding new ways to predict, prevent and treat the most
challenging diseases. BWH research labs have been the birthplace of hundreds of
landmark innovations in medicine and surgery, from the first successful heart valve
surgery in 1923 to face transplants in 2011. With over $600 million in research funding in
2014, BWH have ranked in the top two NIH research funded organizations for the past 25
years. BWH have over 3,500 active researchers at present, their researchers have been
recognized with one Lasker Award, and as four MacArthur Fellows and three Nobel
Laureates

Parking Details and Standards. Parkings are provided in front and within the Building
itself. This it to proved quick access for doctors and patients for emergency purposes.

Achitectural Synthesis

It is always better to have your own research facility inside a hospital. With
BWH they provided their own research facility for further learning thus making it a
medical school as well, providing stae-of-the-art medical assistance and facilities.

2.2.3 The Johns Hopkins Hospital

General Description
 The Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) is the teaching hospital and biomedical
research facility of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, located
in Baltimore, Maryland, UNITED States. It was founded in 1889 using money from a
bequest by city merchant, banker/financier, civic leader and philanthropist Johns
Hopkins. The Johns Hopkins Hospital and its school of medicine are considered to be the
founding institutions of modern American medicine and the birthplace of numerous
famous medical traditions including rounds, residents and house staff. Many medical
specialties were formed at the hospital including neurosurgery, by Dr. Harvey Cushing,
cardiac surgery by Dr. Alfred Blalock, and child psychiatry, by Dr. Leo Kanner. Johns
Hopkins Hospital is widely regarded as one of the world's greatest hospitals and medical
institutions. It was ranked by U.S. News & World Report news magazine as the best
overall hospital in America for 21 consecutive years (1991–2011). In 2017-2018, the
hospital ranked in 15 adult and 10 children's specialties, coming in 1st in Maryland and
3rd nationally behind the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota and the Cleveland
Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio.

Architectural Analysis

Location: Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Established: 1889
 Figure 18. Location Map

Facilities:

Figure 19. Information Desk Figure 20. Library

Figure 22. Nurse Station

 Review

Environment and Micro-climate. The Johns

Hopkins Hospital is located in the largest
Figure 21. Pharmacy city of US State of Maryland which is
Baltimore, has a humid subtropical
climate. The weather is characterized by hot, humid summers and cold, wet winters.
Baltimore experiences partly cloudy skies all year and mildly steady humidity levels.

User Behavior and Requirements. The mission of Johns Hopkins Medicine is to improve
the health of the community and the world by setting the standard of excellence in
medical education, research and clinical care. Diverse and inclusive, Johns Hopkins
Medicine educates medical students, scientists, health care professionals and the public;
conducts biomedical research; and provides patient-centered medicine to prevent,
diagnose and treat human illness.

Utility and Space Enhancement. The hospital occupies approximately 20 of the 60

buildings on the Johns Hopkins Medical Campus. The complex has over 80 entrances and
receives 80,000 visitors weekly. It houses over 1,000 beds and has a staff of over 1,700
doctors with over 30,000 total employees.

Form and Function. Johns Hopkins Hospital is widely regarded as one of the world's
greatest hospitals and medical institutions.

Horizontal and Vertical Circulation. Stairs, hallways and elevators are provided inside
the facility for patients safety and easy access to health facilities inside the building.
Building Services. Since it is for [Link] are made easily for walking and as well
as for persons with medical coditions. Outdoor pavements and garden are provided for
patients to walk arround.

Design Detailing. The architectural style used in the building is “Queen Anne Style”,  it
is characterized by strongly bilateral symmetry with an Italianate or Palladian-derived
pediment on the front formal elevation.

Socio-Economic Profile of User Group. The Johns Hopkins Hospitals vision is to provide
care to all, regardless of race, sex or creed.

Parking Details and Standards. Parking spaces where provided inside the building, with
parking spces for private doctors, emergency vehicles on stand by and for patient visitiors
and out-patients.

Architectural Synthesis

Mainly hospitals are very important because it is the one responsible for taking
care of our health status when we are in need of medical assistance. In Johns Hopkins
Hospital, they did not just created a hospital but created a school as well to improve
health solutions and for medical students and residents to have practice and to enhance
their skills and knowledge more.
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Method

Research methodology is a systematic way to solve a problem. It is a science of

studying how research is to be carried out. Essentially, the procedures by which
researchers go about their work of describing, explaining and predicting phenomena are
called research methodology. It is also defined as the study of methods by which
knowledge is gained. Its aim is to give the work plan of research. Research methods help
us collect samples, data and find a solution to the problem. Particularly, scientific
research methods call for explanations based on collected facts, measurements and
observations and not on reasoning alone.

The study used Descriptive Research Method. It is a collection and interpretation

of useful and factual data. It describes the existing condition, practices, studies or any
phenomena. The research discusses and evaluates the historical, cultural background of
the location of the proposed project.
 The data and information were gathered through the library, computer related
research and information given by the sites and pages who are connected to the topic. All
the information gathered helped to widen the study. It all gave the standards and
guidelines of how a quality Hospital are designed.

3.2 Sources of Data

Since the research method used is descriptive method, the following research
instruments will be used to gather data: Case studies, interviews and surveys.

3.3 Method of Collecting Data

Case Studies
The Case Study is a type of Field Research which examines a site using a
combination of personal interviews, analysis of written documents, and observations. It
attempts to bring in several perspectives to understand a site such as a workplace
including for example, the views of workers, supervisors, customers, suppliers, union
leaders and others.

Interviews
Interviews collect first hand information through direct communication to
selected respondents compared to other methods, it is the fastest method to collect data.

Surveys
Surveys are systematic attempts to collect info to describe, explain the beliefs,
attitudes, values, and behavior of selected groups of people.

3.4 Research Paradigm

INPUTS
PROCESS
Effective OUTPUTS
Surveys and
Methods
Interviews Architectural
Site Planning Solutions
Tabulation of
Principles
Results
Space Planning
Interpretation of
Socio-Economic Results
Considerations
 HEALTH HUB -
A Proposed Medical Center in
Subic, Zambales

A Thesis Submitted to
The College of Architecture
Columban College, Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements leading for the degree of
Baachelor of Science in Architecture

By
DICHOSO, NICOLE SHAYE O.
BS- Architecture
 1st semester, Academic Year 2019-2020
September 30, 2019

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA

4.1 The Project

4.1.1 Project Profile

o Health Hub Medical Center is a medical facility that intends to create a healing
environment through architecture, by using colors, greeneries, and complex
planning that would greatly help increase the healing process of patients
psychologically.
o There is no existing hospital in Subic, Zambales only healthcare centers.
o The proposed site will be at Mangan Vaca Rd, Subic, Zambales beside
WalterMart Subic
o Health Hub will not be a typical hospital. Its exterior mostly will be of modern
style architecture.
o The project is a tertiary health care facility, where in major operations,
consultations with sub-specialists and intensive care facilities are provided.
o The proposed project will only have one building.
o Health Hub is a public project.
o Source of funding is foreign with an estimate cost of P336,000,000.00 million.
 4.1.2 Significance of the Project

o the project aims to give access to a proper medical care and accommodate people
with that needs first aid, checkup, surgery, childbirth and other kinds of medical
care.
o The project will help the municipality solve one of its primary necessity and will
also provide medical care to nearby provinces.
o The project will lessen the mortality rate and early death for it will solve the lack
of medical assistance in the town of Subic.
o It will also gain provision of medical tourism that will gradually help for the
improvement of the municipality of Subic.

4.1.3 Justification of the Project

The researcher opt to build a medical center to provide immediate medical care
to the community of Subic and nearby province. The need for medical center in Subic is a
need especially for far flung residents of the province. The chosen site is a perfect site to
locate the hospital, it is accessible and near the major road where transportation is
accessible.

4.2 The User

4.2.1 Demographic Data

Demography of Subic, Zambales

(Source :The 2015 census of the Population of Subic)

Population census of Subic

Year Population ±% p.a.

1903 3,955 —    

1918 14,159 +8.87%

1939 14,923 +0.25%

1948 25,223 +6.01%

1960 12,985 −5.38%

1970 22,266 +5.53%

1975 28,139 +4.81%

1980 30,340 +1.52%

1990 46,929 +4.46%

1995 57,099 +3.74%

2000 63,019 +2.14%

2007 77,118 +2.82%

2010 89,724 +5.66%

2015 104,771 +3.00%

Gender (C 2015)

Males 54,111

Females 50,660

Age Groups (C 2015)

0-14 years 33,570

15-64 years 67,270

65+ years 3,931

 4.2.2 User Profile

The intended user of the proposed project are the people of Subic and nearby
municipalities in Zambales that needs medical assistance. The medical team who are
responsible for physical, mental and psychological health of the patients. And admin who
are responsible for logistics.

Demography of Zambales
4.2.3 User Activity

a. Administrations. Involves great deals of multitasking jobs.

b. Medical Team. Doctors, Nurses, Specialists, and Medical technicians who are
responsible for all laboratory tests and medical procedures.
 c. Patients. People who are in need of medical assistance ranging from infant to
adolescents, senior citizens and people with disabilities.

4.3 Transportation and Utilities

4.3.1 Transportation Data

a. Airport - The nearest airport is the Subic Bay International Airport situated

south of the town proper.

b. Seaport - The Port of Subic is the nearest seaport in Subic. The Port is

operated and managed by the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA). It
covers the fenced area of the former U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay located in the
south-west of Luzon Island in the Philippines. Local fish port is also present at
the coastal waters and some are in beach side.

c. Roads - The primary road that connects Subic to the other parts of the town is
the Olongapo-Bugallon Road. most of the names of those streets are based on
the surnames of prominent residents or names of plants. Most of the roads in
Subic are made of concrete and asphalt while others are still dirts.

Diversion Road like Govic Highway are also commonly used by motorist
from Barangay Matain to Barangay Manggahan, the purpose of this road is to
lessen the traffic at the town proper and used by trucks especially going north
of Castillejos and vice versa.

Another main road is the Philseco Road that ends from Barangay Asinan
Proper down to Keppel Subic Shipyard (formerly Philippine Shipyard and
Engineering Corporations). and Govic Highway Extension that ends from
Castillejos down to Hanjin Shipyard which they exclusively used.
4.3.2 User’s Vehicle Use

a. Jeepneys – blue jeepneys are accessible from its main terminal at Olongapo
city to Subic. It usually takes 25 – 45 mins. Of ride going to the proposed site
depending on the traffic at Subic Town Proper.

b. Tricycle – Tricycles are accessible from the Subic Town Proper itself. It is
their main public transportation. Accessing the public market and other
commercial establishments.

c. UV Express – same with blue jeepneys the main terminal is located at

Olongapo City where users can ride from there going to the proposed site. It
usually takes 15 – 20 mins. Ride from Olongapo to the site, still depending on
the traffic along Subic Town Proper.

d. Bus – buses are also accessible for users. Main terminal is located at Olongapo
City. Ride going to the proposed site usually takes 30 mins. Or more
depending on traffic and speed of bus.

e. Private Vehicles – since the proposed site has access to the main road it is
easy to locate by using private vehicles as well.

4.3.2 Utilities Sourced from the Providers

a. Electricity

Electricity services were provided by the cooperative-run Zambales II Electric

Cooperative, Inc. (ZAMECO II) which covers its Franchise Areas from Subic all
the way to Cabangan since 1972.

b. Water
 Water services are provided by Subic Water District (SWD)(Not to be
confused with Subic Water and Sewerage Company (Subic Water), which is a
different water distribution company serving the neighboring city of Olongapo.).

4.4 Evolutionary and Revolutionary Trends, Innovations, Technology

Advancements, etc.

Five Need-to-Know Trends Shaping Healthcare Design

By Jennifer Silvis

As healthcare facilities today strive to create more responsive and needs-specific

environments, innovative furniture and design techniques can play a transformative role.
Facilities are finding that by converting traditionally stark, clinical interiors into
functional, aesthetic, and positive spaces, they can improve patient satisfaction, facilitate
healing, enhance visitor comfort, and even increase employee productivity.

The following five areas—priorities across many healthcare facilities today—are being
shaped by furniture and design advances, enabling organizations to improve care quality
while delivering a superior overall patient experience.

1. Residential warmth

To support the connection between patients’ comfort and their therapeutic

advances, forward-looking healthcare facilities are taking steps to imbue
spaces with residential warmth. Borrowing from the "home away from
home" aesthetic that has served the hospitality industry well, these
facilities are now reducing environmental stressors—moving away from
traditional clinical designs in favor of what is more familiar to patients.
The ultimate goal is to create interiors that make patients feel as
comfortable as possible while still providing an efficient care model.
 To help achieve this goal, more healthcare facilities are incorporating
patient room furniture collections, which include matching wardrobes,
bedside cabinets, and headwalls—collectively creating a consistent look
and reflecting the amenities and aesthetics in a typical bedroom design.
The result should be for patients to then make a positive association
between their home and the hospital room.

Patient room furniture collections come in a variety of styles that cater to

different patient demographics and hospital aesthetics, while
encompassing residential subtleties that put patients more at ease. This
effect can be accomplished through the use of artwork, sophisticated color
palettes, textures, noise reduction methods, and natural light.

In addition, informal lounges and/or café areas within lobbies and

hallways can help make an entire healthcare facility more inviting, user-
friendly, and convenient to visitors. Outdoor cafés and lobbies, in
particular, provide visitors with a sanctuary to check their mobile phones
and laptops, relax with a cup of coffee or a sandwich, and, overall, feel
more at home.

These locations can be a welcome alternative to traditional seating areas

that tend to inhibit interaction. In conjunction with patient room furniture
collections and residential design influences, they exemplify a new,
progressive model that is positively impacting the patient experience,
visitor comfort, and staff productivity.

2. Personalized patient rooms

Taking design perhaps one step beyond residential warmth, healthcare

facilities are increasingly attempting to personalize patient rooms—
specifically for their individual inhabitants—as a means to further reduce
 patient anxiety and stress, while enhancing comfort and overall
satisfaction. One way to accomplish this is through the use of pre-arrival
patient surveys—inquiring into items such as a favorite magazine, favorite
food, and/or favorite color—so patients then can walk into rooms
customized just for them.

Many facilities are also leveraging patient communication boards, as well

as more advanced digital signage, within patient rooms—personalizing the
display with the patient’s name, the names of the doctors and nurses
providing care, family photos, the latest news and weather forecasts, and
more.

Thus, patients who walk into a hospital room—greeted by a customized

message, their favorite magazine on the bedside table, and their favorite
flowers on the windowsill—will immediately have a higher sense of
comfort about their visit and, most importantly, about the care they will be
receiving. Personalizing the patient experience in this way not only
reinforces a patient-centered care model, but it also can turn an
overwhelming clinical environment into a relaxing one—neutralizing the
negative effects of stress and anxiety.

3. Perfect proportions

As healthcare facilities strive to increase levels of patient care and

satisfaction, they also must accommodate the needs of patients’ families
and visitors, as well as nurses, doctors, and other caregivers. In the face of
ever-shrinking facility footprints, this can be a daunting task. Space is at a
premium, and as facilities incorporate decentralized nursing stations and
try to fit more storage and supply areas within units, it can become
challenging to also utilize space to create comforting, personalized patient
environments.

As a result, the scale and flexibility of patient room furniture is a vital

factor in overcoming space constraints and their resulting limitations on
 hospital room design. There is now a variety of new, multipurpose
furniture offerings for healthcare facilities to choose from, including
sleeper sofas that incorporate solid-surface side tables with built-in data
and electrical access, and with underneath storage compartments for linens
and pillows.

The use of hybrid products, such as patient chairs that also serve as
recliners, helps maximize space. These multipurpose and hybrid offerings
are an effective way to increase patient room functionality using smaller-
scale furniture—ultimately resulting in more spacious, aesthetic, and
productive environments for patients, visitors, and caregivers.

4. Infection control

Another area where furniture and design can play a role is in infection
control. Hospital-associated infections have posed a very serious threat to
healthcare facilities, especially with the emergence of multi-drug-resistant
organisms. The travel path of infection is unique to each environment and
also can affect numerous areas and elements in a hospital, including
privacy curtains and furniture.

As a result, hospitals and other healthcare facilities are taking measures to

control the severity of these epidemics, and there is an industry-wide focus
on determining the most effective ways to prevent and suppress the growth
of infection-causing agents.

The number one prevention tool involves providing space for—and

drawing attention to—handwashing procedures among patients and staff.
Many facilities are making waterless, antibacterial hand sanitizers
ubiquitous as well, and are even outfitting their medical professionals with
antimicrobial scrubs as another way to prevent germ growth.
 In addition, furniture type, as well as textile and finish selections, can have
a big impact. By incorporating furniture that is easy to clean and disinfect,
such as products with rounded corners and clean lines, and avoiding pieces
that hide dirt and dust, facilities can help stem infections. With this goal in
mind, high-performance vinyl textiles and Crypton finishes are effective
for use in patient, waiting, and exam rooms.

And furniture with antimicrobial finishes, such as the silver ion in wood
and metal, inhibit the growth of microbes as well. By educating
themselves on infection control through furniture and design, and making
a few simple changes, healthcare facilities can help prevent the spread of
infection and create a safer environment for patients and employees.

5. Bariatric care

Implementing furniture and design solutions that accommodate the needs

of bariatric patients also is of growing importance in the healthcare
industry, and the amount of bariatric furniture specified for public waiting
areas and patient rooms is likewise on the rise. The goal is to eliminate
feelings of isolation and intimidation with more supportive and spacious
furniture, and to promote more effective patient care.

To that end, facilities are increasingly designating certain rooms for

bariatric patient use so that all aspects of the room—including recliners,
guest chairs, patient beds, and toilets, as well as specialized ceiling lifts—
enhance mobility, comfort, and safety, while elevating quality of care. A
wide range of bariatric furniture options are available today, typically
supporting 500 to 1,200 pounds.

Guiding principles when selecting such furniture are stability and safety—
reflected in pieces such as patient chairs that restrict motion and provide
back stability and ample arm support, and recliners that have a smaller
angle of back movement. Bariatric committees or other healthcare
professionals should also tag the underside of bariatric furniture items
 prior to use as a way to confirm weight limits and ensure patient safety
while being discreet. By incorporating this category of furniture,
healthcare facilities can go a long way in making rooms more welcoming,
putting patients at ease, and facilitating better interactions with caregivers.

Conclusions

As the healthcare landscape evolves—and technology, budgets, patient

demographics, and industry-specific challenges change—the effective use of
furniture and design can help facilities keep pace. With the proper planning, the
process of creating flexible, aesthetic, cheerful, and productive environments can
be both cost-effective and well within reach.

With the above trends in mind, healthcare facilities can apply furniture and design
to provide patients and other users with a more comfortable, positive experience—
one that supports the integral goal of improving wellbeing. 
 CHAPTER 5

SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS