STID1013 - COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN MANAGEMENT
TITLE : INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
STUDENT NAME SATTERIYANI BINTI MOHAMMAD SALENG
MATRIC NUMBER 262004
COST PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
LECTURE NAME MUSTAFA ALI ABUZARAIDA
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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................1
2. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION........................................................2
2.1. Public Management..........................................................................2
2.2. Private Management.........................................................................3
2.2.1.Aministrator.................................................................................................3
2.2.2.Manager.......................................................................................................3
3. PUBLIC MANAGEMENT SCOPE................................................4
3.1. Human Resource Management.........................................................4
3.2. Non-Human Resource Management.................................................4
3.2.1.Financial Management.................................................................................4
3.2.2.Project Management....................................................................................5
3.2.3.Asset Management.......................................................................................5
4. CONCLUSION................................................................................5
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1. INTRODUCTION
This public administration base focuses on public administration in the context
of Malaysia. Administration is the implementation of a task that has been set
to achieve certain goals. For example, the administration of a country is aimed
at achieving economic, political and social well-being.
Administrative and management words often create confusion, especially
in terms of meaning and understanding. Even in some cases, these two terms
are used in exchange. There are actually keywords that can be identified to
show the difference between the two.
Management is defined as a process that integrates resources and uses
them through planning, organizing, stewarding, directing and budgeting
processes towards achieving the goal of an organization. This is evident in the
fact of Donnelly (1992: 5), the management process involves the coordination
of various activities to obtain results that cannot be achieved by individual
acting on their own.
To simplify our understanding, we take an example of the administration
aimed at achieving the well-being of the nation. In order to achieve such a
well-being, human and financial resources need to be managed efficiently and
effectively.
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2. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Gordon and Milakovich (1995: 6), defines the public administration as all
processes, organizations and individuals involved in the implementation of laws
and regulations that are decided or issued by legislative, executive and judicial
bodies as well as engage in the process of legislative and regulatory concerned.
Dimock (1983: 5) defines public administration as a production operation of
goods and services to meet the needs of the people. This is also in line with
Woodrow Wilson's view of public service as the implementation or conduct of
government affairs in order to achieve the goal of providing services to meet the
needs and tastes of the people.
While Ahmad Atory (1983: 1) quotes two classical definitions from Dwight
Waldo who says public administration as an organization that manages people
and objects to achieve government goals and an art of management science as can
be attributed to state affairs or country.
It is therefore clear that public administration is a body that will implement
the country's administration through the policies and regulations established by
governments in a country. To achieve the administrative objectives, all the
activities and resources used are formulated through two forms of management
namely public management and private management.
2.1 Public Management
Public management is a process of unifying resources and using them through
activities and processes towards achieving social welfare goals. Public
management usually motivates service-oriented and less profit-oriented. It
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plays a role in direct public policy and the decisions made by the government
from time to time. Therefore, public management is under direct control by
the government. Public management is also commonly known as public
service.
2.2 Private Management
Private management is a process of consolidating resources and using them
through activities and processes towards achieving organizational goals.
Private management is usually profit-oriented. The concept of private
management should follow the government's guidelines or policies, but in
carrying out its operations it is more in line with the decisions made on its
own through the Board or its shareholders.
Individuals involved in public and private management are known as
administrators and managers. Do you know and understand the difference
between an administrator and a manager? Let's look at the differences
between these two terms.
2.2.1 Administrator
A public administrator should do right things. This is because all the actions of a
public administrator are based on what has been determined by the responsible
and responsible party. For example, all actions of a public official must be based
on policies and regulations such as deeds, procedures, circulars and instructions.
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2.2.2 Manager
Managers are more referring to administrators in the private sector. A
manager usually organized resources according to the requirements and
needs of the organization. This is because in the private sector, managers
have more autonomy to make decisions that will benefit the organization.
Usually the power of a manager is unlimited for the benefit of the
organization.
3. PUBLIC MANAGEMENT SCOPE
Public management is a form of management that is in the public administration.
Public management or better known as the civil service works to implement
government's public policies. In Malaysia, the civil service is a legitimate body
because it is established under the provisions of Article 132 of the Federal
Constitution.
Public management functions are carried out in two forms: human resource
management and non-human resource management.
3.1 Human Resource Management
Human resource management involves the processes of recruitment,
planning, development and the relationship between human resources in the
public sector. Human resource processes involve activities such as
recruitment, selection, training and development, compensation
administration and benefits and discipline of public sector employees.
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3.2 Non-Human Resource Management
In the public sector, non-human resource management involves several
aspects of management namely financial management, project management
and asset management.
3.2.1 Financial Management
The administration of the country's financial system by looking at the
budgetary aspects and national financial policies. Financial management
is focused on giving a referendum on the country's economic
performance.
3.2.2 Project Management
Implementation and administration of a public project that begins from
the stage of conceptualization to the level of assessment of the
achievement of the stated goals. Project management should use the
most effective technique to complete the project in accordance with the
set standard and within the specified time frame.
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3.2.3 Asset Management
Administration of fixed assets and government fixed assets. Fixed assets
refer to unchanged assets such as buildings, machinery, vehicles, and
land that are capital goods for an organization. While non-fixed assets
refer to changing assets such as income, returns and government receipts
that depend on the current economic performance.
4. CONCLUSION
In summary it can be said that the management (conducted by the civil service) is
to carry out the functions of the public administration of the country. Public
administration is also a corporation, in a wider context and larger size of private
organizations. Public administration also has an organizational structure and
hierarchy of individuals who carry out certain tasks.
