Jazz: A History of America’s Music Name______________________
Episode 1: “Gumbo” Video Guide Date_______________________
Episode 2: “The Gift”
Directions: Please read this guide in its entirety. Enjoy the 8-minute intro to Episode 1 of Ken Burns’
documentary then proceed to answer the following questions based on Episodes 1 and 2 of Jazz.
1. What is improvisation?
2. How did the diverse population of New Orleans help to create jazz? Note the contributions of each
group:
African slaves
Slaves from the West Indies
Slaves from the interior South
Free people of color / Creoles
3. Describe New Orleans’ “mania for horns.”
4. What was minstrel music? What national impact did it have?
5. How did the Civil War and Reconstruction impact New Orleans?
6. In the 1890s two new styles of music came to New Orleans. Describe and state the significance of
ragtime and the blues.
7. How did the collapse of Reconstruction impact New Orleans and its music?
THE BIG NOISE
8. Who was Buddy Bolden? Why is he considered a jazz pioneer?
9. Describe the background and jazz contributions of Jelly Roll Morton. Did he invent jazz?
10. Why was Sidney Bechet considered a genius? What were his contributions to jazz?
THE SOUL OF THE NEGRO
11. What were the reasons some Americans rejected and criticized jazz? Why did young Americans love
jazz? Who made jazz more respectable?
THE “CREATORS” OF JAZZ
12. How did Freddie Keppard’s refusal to record jazz lead to racial controversy about the origins of jazz?
THE GIFT (00:00- 22:40 of Episode 2)
13. Note the impact of each of the following on the early life of Louis Armstrong in New Orleans.
The Karnofsky Family
The Colored Waif’s Home
Joe “King” Oliver
Steamboats
Discussion Questions:
• Does New Orleans have a legitimate claim as the birthplace of jazz? Explain.
• How did the cultural diversity of New Orleans create a new American music?
• Why do jazz musicians equate improvisation with freedom?
• Does the rejection of jazz by the white and black middle class remind you of culture clashes today?
• What does the early life of Louis Armstrong inform us about our humanity?
• Why is music essential to our lives?
Created by Marcie Hutchinson, Director of K-12 Initiatives for Arizona State University’s School of Historical, Philosophical and
Religious Studies, for Jazz from A to Z’s Educator Workshops on January 25th and 26th, 2017