EAT 472/3 MINI PROJECT

CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE AT WWTP BINTONG

By

GROUP 4
NAME NO MATRIC
LEE XIANG FENG 161130544
LEOW JUN WEI 161130545
NUR ALIS ADDIENA BINTI A RAHIM 161130561
NURAIN SYAFIQAH BINTI SUHAIMI 161130564
NURIZATI BINTI SHAHIDI 161130565

SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

LIST OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Description ........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Wastewater Loading Projection ....................................................................................... 2
1.3 Wastewater Characterization............................................................................................ 2
1.4 Design Loadings and Design Criteria .............................................................................. 5
1.4.1 Design Influent Values and Loading ........................................................................ 5
1.4.2 Design Effluent Value............................................................................................... 7
1.5 Design Criteria ................................................................................................................. 8
1.6 Land Area Requirement ................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 2: PROCESS DESIGN .............................................................................................. 11
2.1 Overall Process Flow ..................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Hydraulic Profiles ..................................................................................................... 12-13
2.3 Plant Layout ................................................................................................................... 14
2.4 Overall Mass Balance..................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER 3: DESIGN OF SECONDARY TREATMENT UNIT (BIOLOGICAL PROCESS)16
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 16
3.2 Aeration Basin for Activated Sludge Process Volume .................................................. 17
3.3 Oxygen Requirement and Aeration System ........................................................................ 19
3.4 Secondary Clarifier ............................................................................................................. 19
3.5 Waste Activated Sludge Thickening ................................................................................... 21
3.6 Calculation ..................................................................................................................... 21
3.6.1 Aeration Tank ......................................................................................................... 21
3.6.2 Clarifier Tank .......................................................................................................... 26
CHAPTER 4: ENGINEERING DRAWING ................................................................................ 30
4.1 Drawing for Clarifier Tank ............................................................................................ 30
4.2 Drawing for Aeration Tank ............................................................................................ 32
CHAPTER 5: REFERENCE ........................................................................................................ 33

i
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Description

Kangar is a town and the state capital of Perlis which is located at 6°26'29.04"N latitude
100°11'55.03"E longitude. It has cover area of 2916.4 ha. The project location that has been chosen
is at Indah Water Konsurtium (IWK) which is located at Bintong in Kangar. IWK wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP) has been proposed to supported capacity of 50000 population equivalent.
The sources of wastewater comes from population in the area and consider as domestic sewage.
Wastewater treatment plant in IWK Kangar is more to sewage treatment plant (STP). IWK Kangar
STP will utilize Conventional Activated Sludge for the domestic sewage treatment. This
conventional activated sludge system usually combination of traditional biological process and
modern technologies to remove the unwanted components and to produce an effluent that is lower
in BOD, COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Figure 1: Location of IWK Kangar.

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1.2 Wastewater Loading Projection
Table 1.1: Wastewater Loading Projection

Designed for Population of = 50 000 PE

Flow per PE = 0.225 m3/PE/d
Average flow rate = 0.225m3/PE/d x 50 000
=11250 m3/d
=468.75 m3/hr
=7.813 m3/min
=0.130 m3/s
Peak factor = 4.7 x P-0.11
P= Population Served in Thousand = 4.7 x 50-0.11
= 3.056
Peak Wastewater Flow = Peak factor x Flow rate
= 3.056 x 11250m3/d
= 34384.577m3/d
= 1432.691 m3/hr
= 23.878 m3/min
= 0.398 m3/s

For this project, the wastewater average flow rate is 11250 m3/d while peak wastewater
flow rate is 34384.577 m3/d.

1.3 Wastewater Characterization

Wastewater characterization is an important for the design of activated sludge process. For this
STP of IWK Kangar, their wastewater is more on sewage. Sewage is characterized in terms of its
physical, chemical and biological composition. For the physical properties of sewage are on
colour, odor, solids, and temperature. While for the chemical constituents of sewage are divide
into 3 groups:

2
i) Organic = carbohydrates, fats, oil, grease, proteins, and surfactants
ii) Inorganic = pH, chlorides, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
iii) Gases = hydrogen sulfide, methane, oxygen.

Influent:
BOD5 = 250 mg/L
TSS = 300 mg/L
COD = 500 mg/L
TN = 50 mg/L
TP = 10 mg/L
VSS = 200 mg/L

Effluent:
BOD5 = 20 mg//L
SS = 50 mg/L
COD = 120 mg/L
iTSS = 100mg/L

COD and BOD Fractionation:

𝑏𝐶𝑂𝐷
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 ≈ 1.6
𝐵𝑂𝐷
bCOD = 1.6 x 250 mg/L
= 400 mg/L

COD = bCOD + nbCOD

nbCOD = COD - bCOD
= 500 mg/L – 400 mg/L
= 100 mg/L

rbCOD = 𝑟𝑏𝐶𝑂𝐷
𝑥𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑
𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑

3
 = 1.6 x (250 – 20)
= 368 mg/L

sbCOD = bCOD – rbCOD

= 400 mg/L – 368 mg/L
= 32 mg/L

sCOD = 0.44 x COD

= 0.44 x 500 mg/L
= 220 mg/L

sBOD = 0.50 x BOD

= 0.50 x 250 mg/L
= 125 mg/L

sCODe (assumed to be = sCOD – 1.6sBOD

nonbiodegradable)
= 220 mg/L – (1.6) (125mg/L)
= 20 mg/L

nbCOD = nbpCOD + sCODe

nbpCOD = nbCOD - sCODe
= 100 mg/L – 20 mg/L
= 80 mg/L

VSS = TSS – iTSS

= 300 mg/L – 100 mg/L
= 200 mg/L

4
 nbVSS = 𝑏𝑝𝐶𝑂𝐷
(1 − ) (𝑉𝑆𝑆)
𝑝𝐶𝑂𝐷

𝑏𝑝𝐶𝑂𝐷 = 𝑏𝐶𝑂𝐷
( 𝐵𝑂𝐷 ) (𝐵𝑂𝐷 − 𝑠𝐵𝑂𝐷)
𝑝𝐶𝑂𝐷
(𝐶𝑂𝐷 − 𝑠𝐶𝑂𝐷)

= (1.6)(250 − 125)
(500 − 220)

= 0.714

nbVSS = (1-0.714) (200 mg/L)

= 57.2 mg/L

bVSS = VSS - nbVSS

= 200 mg/L – 57.2 mg/L
= 142.8 mg/L

1.4 Design Loadings and Design Criteria

1.4.1 Design Influent Values and Loading

Table 1.2 below shows the influents values required based on National Water Service
Commission (SPAN) Guidlines in Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines Volume 4 to design a
wastewater treatment plant for more than 30 PE. The treatment plant shall be designed so that the

5
BOD5, SS, COD, O&G, and AMN values of final effluents are less than or equal to the design
effluent values, and also to ensure compliance with effluent standards.
Table 1.2: Design Influen Values
Parameter Value (g/[Link]) Value (mg/L)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 56 250
Suspended Solids (SS) 68 300
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 113 500
Total Nitrogen (TN) 11 50
Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AMN) 7 30
Total Phosphorus (TP) 2 10
Oil and Grease (O&G) 11 50

The equation below is used to design influent loading with the average flowrate of 11250m3/day.
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑚𝑔 10−3 𝑘 𝑚3 𝐿 Eq (1)
= [𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 ( ) 𝑥 ( 3 )] 𝑥 [𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 ( 𝑥 −3 3 )]
𝐿 10 𝑚 𝑑 10 𝑚

Average flowrate = 11250m3/day

Table 1.3: Design Influent Loading

Parameter Design Influent Loading (kg/day)
BOD5 𝑚𝑔 10−3 𝑘 𝑚3 𝐿
[(250 ) 𝑥 ( 103𝑚 )] 𝑥 [(11250 𝑥 10−3 𝑚3 )] =2812.5
𝐿 𝑑

TSS 𝑚𝑔 10−3 𝑘 𝑚3 𝐿
[(300 ) 𝑥 ( 103𝑚 )] 𝑥 [(11250 𝑥 10−3 𝑚3 )] =3375
𝐿 𝑑

COD 𝑚𝑔 10−3 𝑘 𝑚3 𝐿
[(5000 ) 𝑥 ( 103 𝑚 )] 𝑥 [(11250 𝑥 10−3𝑚3 )] =56250
𝐿 𝑑

TN 𝑚𝑔 10−3 𝑘 𝑚3 𝐿
[(50 ) 𝑥 ( 103 𝑚 )] 𝑥 [(11250 𝑥 10−3𝑚3 )] =562.5
𝐿 𝑑

AMN 𝑚𝑔 10−3 𝑘 𝑚3 𝐿
[(30 ) 𝑥 ( 103 𝑚 )] 𝑥 [(11250 𝑥 10−3𝑚3 )] =337.5
𝐿 𝑑

TP 𝑚𝑔 10−3 𝑘 𝑚3 𝐿
[(10 ) 𝑥 ( 103 𝑚 )] 𝑥 [(11250 𝑥 10−3𝑚3 )] =112.5
𝐿 𝑑

O&G 𝑚𝑔 10−3 𝑘 𝑚3 𝐿
[(50 ) 𝑥 ( 103 𝑚 )] 𝑥 [(11250 𝑥 10−3𝑚3 )] =562.5
𝐿 𝑑

6
1.4.2 Design Effluent Value
The design effluent values used in this proposed design wastewater treatment plan
according to SPAN Guideline is shown in Table 1.4 below. The effluent of IWK Kangar is
discharged to the rivers or stream.
Table 1.4: Design Effluent Values
Effluent Discharge to Rivers/ Stream
Parameter Standard A Standard B
Absolute Design Absolute Design
BOD5 20 10 50 20
SS 50 20 100 40
COD 120 60 200 100
AMN 10 5 20 10
NN 20 10 50 20
Total Phosphorus N/A N/A N/A N/A
O&G 5 2 10 5
Note N/A = Not applicable

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1.5 Design Criteria
Design Parameter for Conventional Activated Sludge
According to SPAN Guideline, there are several design parameters required for
Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS) as shown in table 1.5 below including the tank dimension.

Table 1.5: Design Parameter for CAS

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 Table 1.6: Design Parameter for CAS (Tank dimension)

1.6 Land Area Requirement

Wastewater treatment plants are classified according to the capacity. The capacity is
referred to PE as shown in table 1.7 below:

Table 1.7: Classification of plant capacity

Classification PE
Class 1 <1000
Class 2 1001-5000
Class 3 5001-20000
Class 4 >20000

The land requirement for wastewater treatment plant to construct is listed in Suruhanjaya
Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN) Malaysian Sewarage Industry Guidelines. There are four
classes in selecting the land area requirement by referring to the population equipment (PE). In
this designed project, the population equivalent (PE) is 50 000 which is classified as class 4 plants.
The land area requirement is 23.14 acre which equivalent to 9.36 ha.

This area does not include the buffer zone. According to SPAN buffer zone guidelines,
minimum distance from the fence of treatment plant to the nearest habitable building line within
residential and commercial development is 30m.

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Table 1.8: Land area requirement for Class 4

Population Land Area requirement

Equivalent (ha) (acre)
20 001 1.19 2.95
25 000 1.37 3.38
30 000 1.53 3.79
35 000 1.81 4.48
40 000 1.97 4.88
45 000 2.12 5.25
50 000 2.23 5.52
55 000 2.37 5.84

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CHAPTER 2: PROCESS DESIGN

2.1 Overall Process Flow

Figure 2.1 Conventional Activated Sludge Overall Process Flow

Figure 2.1 showed the overall flow of conventional activated sludge (CAS) wastewater
treatment. There are 4 main stages of the treatment process which are preliminary treatment,
primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. In preliminary treatment, the
treatment plant received wastewater or influent wastewater which enters through bar screens and
grit chamber. Bar screens and grit chamber removes objects such as rags, paper, plastics, and
metals from the influent wastewater. Preliminary treatment is necessary to avoid impairment and
clogging of downstream equipment, piping, and appurtenances.

After the influent passes through the preliminary treatment, it will enter primary clarifier,
which is part of the primary treatment. Clarification, or also known as the process of sedimentation
is the separation of suspended particles by gravitational settling. Primary clarifier’s function is to
slow the wastewater velocity so that the organic solids will settle to the bottom of the tank. Floating
solids and grease will also be removed from the wastewater when it is passed through the primary
clarifier. The treated wastewater is then flow to the aeration tank.

CAS system commonly include an aeration tank in their secondary treatment. Biological
treatment of wastewater takes place at this stage. In this process, air is pumped into the tank to
promote microbial growth in the wastewater. The microbes feed on the organic material, forming
coagulates which can easily settle out. Bacteria forming the “activated sludge" flocks are
recurrently returned back to the aeration basin to increase the decomposition rate, after settling in
a different tank.

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 Secondary treatment is usually called activated sludge process. Activated sludge process is a
biological wastewater treatment process which accelerates waste disintegration by adding
activated sludge into wastewater, and the mixture is aerated and agitated by allowing the activated
sludge to settle out by sedimentation and is disposed of (wasted) or reused (returned to the aeration
tank) for a specified amount of time. The activated sludge process uses microorganisms to feed on
organic pollutants in wastewater to produce a high-quality effluent. The fundamental concept of
all activated sludge processes is that they create particles that clump together as micro-organisms
grow. The particles or flocs are allowed to settle to the bottom of the tank, leaving a relatively
clear liquid free of organic material and suspended solids.

Next is tertiary treatment. In this treatment, disinfection is a vital step as it protects the
ecosystem and human health. Bacteria that causes disease is still remain in the treated wastewater
during primary and secondary treatment required to be disinfected. Continuous disinfection is
essential for those areas where the release from the wastewater works will cause harmful effect
onto the receiving water course. In this project, chlorination is chosen as the disinfection media
because it is certainly the most common type of disinfection used worldwide.

2.2 Hydraulic Profiles

A hydraulic profile establishes the hydraulic gradient line from the inlet of waste water
treatment plant to the outlet to ensure that hydraulic losses have been adequately clarified.,
Different head loss will exist between the units, depending on the unit processes and the inter-
stage connections. In order to take advantage of topography, many waste water treatment plants
are constructed on sloping land. The hydraulic profile will represent the height to which any return
flows are required to be lifted to prevent any involvement with the hydraulics of the plan.

Hydraulic profile selection is a general requirement when planning a water supply scheme.
First choice must be given to gravity supply systems since they guarantee reliable operation at low
running costs. Schemes, which integrate the use of handpumps, are given second choice. The
installation of mechanically driven pumps should be chosen as last option and only applied in
special cases where a reliable and affordable energy supply is guaranteed, including the
infrastructure for pump maintenance and repair work. Collection and pretreatment of the raw water
may be combined in a single installation such as infiltration galleries, under special local condition.

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13
2.3 Plant Layout

Figure 2.3 Location of WTP in Bintong, Kangar, Perlis

Figure 2.4 WTP Layout in Bintong, Kangar, Perlis

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Legend:
A Monitoring & Operation Building F1 Secondary Clarifier 1
B Screening Units F2 Secondary Clarifier 2
C1 Aerated Grit Chamber 1 G Filter Press
C2 Aerated Grit Chamber 2 H Effluent Balancing Tank
D Combined Sewer Overflow I Gravity Thickener
E1 Aeration Tank 1 J Disinfecetion Tank
E2 Aeration Tank 2

2.4 Overall Mass Balance

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CHAPTER 3: DESIGN OF SECONDARY TREATMENT UNIT (BIOLOGICAL
PROCESS)
3.1 Introduction

The conventional activated sludge (CAS) is one of the common treatment that have been
apply in daily life in order to treat wastewater. It basically involves the oxidation of carbonaceous
biological matter, for reduction of the organic pollutions. The most Wastewaster Treatment Plant
(WWTP) employ activated sludge process where microorganisms take place are used to mineralize
the contaminants to water and carbon dioxide or degrade them to less dangerous forms. Besides,
the objective of secondary treatment is the further treatment of the effluent from primary treatment
to remove the residual organics and suspended solids. In this chapter, the design selection for the
secondary treatment unit will be discuss deeper. Commonly, the CAS include an aeration tank and
secondary clarifier (sedimentation tank), where the sludge in separated from treated wastewater.

There have many advantages when applying the CAS which are low installation cost, good
quality effluent in treating wastewater, require the small land area to conduct this system, and also
easily maintained mechanical work.

Figure 3.1 : The Conventional Activated Sludge System

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3.2 Aeration Basin for Activated Sludge Process Volume

In municipal and industrial waste water treatment, aeration is part of the stage that very
important and known as the secondary treatment process. The most common option in secondary
treatment is activated sludge process. An aeration basin the microorganism take place in order to
metabolize the suspended and soluble organic matter. The microbes feed on the organic material,
forming flocks which can easily settle out. After settling in a separate settling tank, bacteria
forming the “activated sludge” flocks are continually recirculated back to the aeration basin to
increase the rate of decomposition.

Besides, the aeration basin will work in conventional activated sludge (CAS) as to provides
oxygen to bacteria for treating and stabilizing the waste water. The bacteria need oxygen to allow
for bio-degradation. The oxygen contained in the sewage is used by bacteria to break down the
carbon-containing organic matter to form carbon dioxide and water. This is because without the
presence of sufficient oxygen, bacteria are not able to biodegrade the incoming organic matter in
a reasonable time. Degradation must occur under septic conditions that are slow, odorous, and
yield incomplete conversions of pollutants in the absence of dissolved oxygen. Under septic
conditions, some of the biological process convert hydrogen and sulphur to form hydrogen
sulphide and transform carbon into methane. Other carbon will be converted into organic acids
that produce low pH conditions in the basin and make the water harder to treat and facilitate the
creation of odors. Bio-degradation of organic matter in the absence of oxygen is a very slow
biological process. In order to maintain the desired microbiological mass in the aeration tank,
sludge is returned to the aeration tank (RAS) while an excess is periodically or continuously wasted
due to biological growth (WAS).

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 Figure 3.2 : Activated Sludge Process

Terms Explanation
QO Influent, m3/day
Qe Effluent, m3/day
Qw Waste activated sludge, m3/day
Qr Return activated sludge, m3/day
So Inflow suspended solids, mg/L
Se Effluent suspended solids, mg/L
Sw Waste activated sludge suspended solids, mg/L
Xo Concentration of microorganism in the influent, mg/L
Xe Microorganism concentration (VSS) in effluent from secondary
settling tank, mg/L
V Aeration tank volume, m3

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 The floc is the basic unit for operation of the activated sludge process. The floc is
suspended in the aeration tank and consist of millions of aerobic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi,
yeast, and protozoa), particles, coagulants and impurities that have come together and formed a
mass. The mas help to collect pollutants, both organic and inorganics, in the waste water by
adsorption or entrapment. The floc need to separate in secondary settlement tank and returned to
the aeration tank to ensure the process on a continuous basis.

3.3 Oxygen Requirement and Aeration System

Oxygen is required in the activated sludge process because in order for the oxidation of a
part of the influent organic matter and also for endogenous respiration of microorganism in the
system. An oxygen requirement does not allow for nitrification but allows only for carbonaceous
BOD removal.

3.4 Secondary Clarifier

The main function of the secondary clarifier is to separate the activated sludge solids from
the mixed liquor. These solids represent the original colloidal and dissolved solids in the
wastewater. In the aeration unit they were incorporated into the activated sludge floc, which are
settleable solids. In the secondary or final settling tanks, the isolation of these solids, a critical step
in the activated sludge cycle, is accomplished. These tanks are similar in design to the primary
sedimentation tanks that are mechanically cleaned but do not exceed 800 gallons per square foot
per day with a surface settling rate.

According to the geometrical shape design, the clarifier has two categories which is
rectangular and circular. The suitable secondary clarifier for this project is circular clarifier. This
is due to several advantages which is the circular clarifier have shorter detention time for settling
sludge and more simple sludge collection system design. Besides, circular clarifier also has better
effect of dynamic filtration for wastewater system.

In circular system, the effluent weirs are placed near the facility perimeter to create radially
directed flow pattern from the tank center towards the walls. The bottom conical floor slope is

19
typically 1:10 to 1:12 and depends on the collection system level of the sludge. The tank diameter
ranges from 3 meters to over 100 meters. Circular clarifier are typically built in pairs of 2 or 4 to
simplify flow distribution between the individual units. Circular tank sidewater depth varies from
2.5 to 5 meters. The central feed for the circular tank is design that water enters to distribute the
flow equally in all directions. The D of feed well value is 15 to 20 ％ of tank diameter and velocity
through the orifices on feed well value is 0.075 to 0.15 m/sec. Typical conventional feed wells are
designed for an average downflow velocity of 10 to 13 mm/s (2.0 to 2.5 ft/min) and maximum
velocity of 25 to 30 mm/s (5.0 to 6.0 ft/min).

Figure 3.3: The diagram of Circular Clarifier

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3.5 Waste Activated Sludge Thickening

Thickening is a procedure that used to increase the solids content of sludge by removing a
portion of the liquid fraction. Thickening is generally accomplished by physical means including
co-settling, gravity settling, flotation, centrifugation, gravity belt and rotary drum. The decrease of
sludge content is useful for subsequent phases of treatment, such as fermentation, dewatering,
drying and combustion. The standpoint for this condition are capacity of the tanks and equipment,
quantity of chemicals required for sludge conditioning, and amount of the heat required by
digesters and amount of auxiliary for heat drying or incineration. The reduction in volume is highly
desirable as tank trucks carry liquid sludge for direct land use as a soil conditioner. Meanwhile, to
illustrate, if waste activated sludge, which is typically pumped from secondary tanks with a content
of 0.8 ％ solids, can be thickened to a content of 4 ％ solids, then a fivefold decrease in sludge
volume is achieved.

The thickening process takes place in a settling tank with long- enough solids retention
time. The thickening of the sludge is a concern to the operator where desires a high underflow
solids concentration. In designing the thickening, there have two design approaches which are
design based on experience and design based on laboratory data.

3.6 Calculation
3.6.1 Aeration Tank
Table 3.1: Design Calculation for Aeration Tank

Parameter Design SPAN Guideline

Hydraulic retention = 18 hours 18-24 hours
time (HRT)
Volume of tank = Qavgt
required (V) = (468.75m3/hr)(18hr)
= 8437.5m3
No of tank =5 Minimum : 2
Depth of water = 4m 3m - 5m
Length = 40m L:W=3:1

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 Width = 13m L:W=3:1
Volume provided = (4m x 40m x 13m) (5)
= 10400m3 > 8437.5m3
Actual HRT = 10400m3 / (468.75m3/h)
= 22.19hr
(between 18-24)

Table 3.2: The Value of Parameters

Parameter Value SPAN Guideline

Flow Rate (Qo) = 11250m3/day
Primary Effluent (So) = 250g/m3
MLVSS = 0.8 (MLVSS)
= 0.8 (3000)
=2400g/m3
So =Primary effluent BOD5 (assume 32 ％ of
BOD5 removed in primary treatment
(100 − 32)
= 250 g/m3 x
32
= 170g/m3
Volume of tank (Vt) = 10400m3
BODremove So - Se
= 250g/m3 - 20g/m3
= 230g/m3
= 0.23kg/m3
Sludge Yield =(Q)(BODremoved)(sludge yield) 0.6kg sludge
= (11250m3/day)(0.23)(0.6) produced /kg BOD5
= 1552.5kg sludge/day consumed for HRT
equivalent to 18 hr
Solid in Effluent = QXe
= (11250m3/day)(40g/m3)

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 = 450000g/day = 450kg/day
Excess Sludge Wasting =[Link]/day-450kg/m3
= 702.5kg/day
MLSS = 3000g/m3 3000g/m3
= 3kg/m3
SSeff = 40g/m3 40g/m3
= 0.04kg/m3
Cu = Underflow concentration
= 0.9％
= 9kg/m3
Theoretical Solid 1 1
= =
Retention Time m 0.261
= 3.83 d
FS TKN peak
=
TKN ave
= 1.5
Y = 0.60 VSS/gbCOD
Ks = 20g/m3
Kd at 12℃ = (Kd)(θ)T-20
=(0.12)(1.04)12-20
=0.088g/g.d
 m at 12℃ = (  m )(θ)T-20

=(6) (1.07)12-20
= 3.5g/g.d
fd = 0.15g/g
Yn = 0.12g VSS/g NOx
S = 1.62g bCOD/m3
NOx = TKN- Ne- 0.12Px,bio/Q
= 35.0g/m3 - 5g/m3 - 0.12 (219x103)/11250
= 27.66g/m3

23
 Table 3.3: Design Calculation of Requirement Aeration Tank

Parameter Calculation SPAN

Guideline
Food to microbe (Qavg )( BODinf ) 0.05 - 0.1
=
ratio (F/M) ( MLVSS )(V )
(11250)(250)
=
(2400)(10400)

= 0.1g/g.d
(between 0.05 - 0.1)
BOD volumetric ( So )(Qo ) 1kg 0.1-0.4kg
= ( )
Loading Rate V 1000g BOD5/[Link]
(170)(11250) 1kg y
= x
10400 1000 g
=0.18 kg BOD5/[Link]
(between 0.1 - 0.4 )
Sludge Age ( MLSS )(V ) > 20days
=
(Q)( BODremoved )(sludgeyield ) + (QX e )

3000 g
( )(10400 )
= m3
450 + 702 .5
= 27.07days > 20days
MLSS
Waste Activated = [(Vt )(
 sludge
)] − (Qang )( SS ef f )

CU
Sludge (WAS)
3
[(10400 )( )] − (11250 )(0.04 )
= 27 .07
9
= 78.06m3/day
Sludge Return MLSSxQavg
=
Rate (Qr) Cu − MLSS

24
 kg m3
3 x11250
m3 day
=
kg kg
9 3 −3 3
m m
= 5625m3/day

Reticirculation 5625 0.5 - 1.0

=
Qr 11250
Ratio ( )
Qave = 0.5
(between 0.5 - 1.0)
Design SRT = (FS)(Theoretical SRT)
= (1.5)(3.83)
= 5.75d
Biomass =
Production QY ( So − S ) ( f d )( K d )(Q)(Y )(So − S )(SRT ) QYn ( NOx )
+ +
(Px,bio) 1 + ( K d ) SRT 1 + ( K d )(SRT ) 1 + (kdn )(SRT )
=
(11250 )(0.6)(250 − 1.62 ) (0.15)(0.088 )(11250 )(0.6)(250 − 1.62 )(5.75)
+
1 + (0.088 )(5.75) 1 + (0.088 )(5.75)
(11250 )(0.12 )(27 .66 )
+
1 + (0.06 )(5.75)

= 1113256.97 + 84496.20 + 27762.83

= 1225516g VSS/d
= 1225.52kg VSS/d
Oxygen Demand = Q(So - S) - 1.42(Px,bio) + 4.33(Q)(NOx)
(Ro) = 11250(250 - 1.62)(10-3) - 1.42(1225.52) +
4.33(11250)(27.66)
= 1348441.79kg/d
= 56185. 07kg/hr

25
3.6.2 Clarifier Tank
Table 3.4: Design Calculation for Clarifier Tank

Parameter Calculation SPAN Guideline

No. of tank =5 Minimum 2 tanks
Tank Configuration = Circular Circle / rectangular for
PPE>5000
Peak Flow Rate (Qpeak) = 34385m3/day
=1433m3/hr
Hyraulic Retention Time at = 3 hr Minimum 2 hr
Qpeak
Volume of Secondary = Qpeak x hyrdaulic retention
Clarifier Tank Required time at Qpeak
(Vrequired) = 1433 m3/hr x 3 hr
= 4299m3

Table 3.5: The Value of Parameters Related

Parameter Values SPAN Guideline

Qpeak = 34385m3/day
Surface Overflow Rate = 20m3/d/m2 ≤ 30m3/d/m2
Surface area required at Qpeak 34385m3 / d
=
20m3 / d / m 2
= 1719.25m2
Surface area required at Qpeak 1719.25m 2
=
per tank 2
= 859.63m2
Radius of each tank 859.63m 2
=
3.142
= 16.54m (required)
= 25m (provided)

26
Surface Area provided = 5 x  r2
(Aprovided) = 5(  )(252)
= 9817m2 > 1719.25m2
MLSS = 3kg/m3
Length of weir (L) =  x weir diameter
=  x [50m - 2(0.3m)]
= 155.21m
HRT at Qpeak = 3hr > 2 hr

Table 3.6: Design Calculation of Requirement Clarifier Tank

Parameter Calculation SPAN Guideline

Surface Overflow Q peak ≤ 30m3/d/m2
=
Rate at Qpeak Surfaceoverflowrate

34385m3 / d
=
9817m 2
= 3.5m3/d/m2 ≤ 30m3/d/m2
Solid Loading Rate = (MLSS)(design surface overflow rate) < 150 kg/d/m2
at Qpeak = (3kg/m3)(3.5m3/d/m2)
= 10.5kg/d/m2 < 150 kg/d/m2
Weir loading rate Q peak < 180m3/d/m
=
L
6877m3 / d
=
155.21m
= 44.31m3/d/m < 180m3/d/m
Volume of whole = (Qpeak)(HRT)
tank (Vtotal) = (1432.71m3/hr)(3hr)
= 4298.13m3

Volume of one tank 4298.13m3

=
5

27
 = 859.63m3
Volume of top body =  r2H
(V) =  (252)(1.5)
= 2945.24m3
= 2945.24m3 - 859.63m3
Volume of hopper = 2085.61m3
(V)
Volume of hopper 1
2085.61m3= ( )(  )[r1)2+(r1)(r2)+(r2)2](h2)
(V) 3

2085.61m3 =
1
r1=radius of top ( )(  )[25m)2+(25m)(r2)+(r2)2](2m)
3
body (21m)
r2 = radius of
r2 = 10m
hopper
h2 = height of
= height of top body + height of hopper
hopper (2m) > 3m
= 1.5m + 2m
3.5m > 3m
Total height of
clarifier (HT)
Volume of tank = Volume of top body + volume of hopper
1
= [(  )(r12)(h)]+[( )(  )(r12+r1r2+r22)(h2)]
3
=
1
[(  )(252)(1.5)]+[( )(  )[(252)+(25)(10)+(102)(2)]
3
= 4070.98m3

Volumeof tan k
=
Peakflowrate

> 2 hr

28
New hyrdaulic 4070.98m3
=
retention time 288.54m3 / hr
(HRT) = 14.11hr > 2 hr

29
CHAPTER 4: ENGINEERING DRAWING

4.1 DRAWING FOR CLARIFIER TANK

Figure 4.1: Top view of Circular Clarifier Tank.

30
Figure 4.2: Side View of Circular Clarifier Tank.

31
4.2 Drawing for Aeration Tank

Figure 4.3: Ridge and Furrow Type Aeration Tank

Figure 4.4: Simplex System of Mechanical Aeration

32
CHAPTER 5: REFERENCE

Byrne, W. (n.d.). Why is Aeration Important for Wastewater Treatment? Retrieved November
26, 2019, from [Link]
wastewater-treatment.

Design of Completely Mixed Activated Sludge System. (n.d.). Retrieved November 27, 2019,
from [Link] [Link].

33