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Maths (Chapter-1) (Relations and Functions) (Class - XII) Exercise 1.8

The document contains examples of showing relations are equivalence relations. It discusses: 1) A relation R on points defined by the distance from the origin forming circles. 2) A relation between triangles defined by similarity. It is shown to be an equivalence relation and which triangles are related. 3) A relation between polygons defined by having the same number of sides. It is also shown to be an equivalence relation. The set of polygons related to a right triangle is identified as all triangles.

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Depanjan Chowdhury
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271 views3 pages

Maths (Chapter-1) (Relations and Functions) (Class - XII) Exercise 1.8

The document contains examples of showing relations are equivalence relations. It discusses: 1) A relation R on points defined by the distance from the origin forming circles. 2) A relation between triangles defined by similarity. It is shown to be an equivalence relation and which triangles are related. 3) A relation between polygons defined by having the same number of sides. It is also shown to be an equivalence relation. The set of polygons related to a right triangle is identified as all triangles.

Uploaded by

Depanjan Chowdhury
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Maths (Chapter- 1)

(Relations and Functions)

(Class - XII)

Exercise 1.8

Now, Let (P, Q), (Q, S) ∈ R.

The distance of points P and Q from the origin is the same and also, the distance of points Q and S from
the origin is the same.

The distance of points P and S from the origin is the same.

(P.S) ∈ R

∴ R is transitive.

Therefore, R is an equivalence relation.

The set of all points related to P≠(0, 0) will be those points whose distance from the origin is the same as
the distance of point P from the origin.

In other words, if O (0, 0) is the origin and OP = k, then the set of all points related to P is at a distance of
k from the origin.

Hence, this set of points forms a circle with the centre as the origin and this circle passes through point
P.

Question 12:

Show that the relation R defined in the set A of all triangles as R = {(T 1, T2): T1 is similar to T2), is
equivalence relation.

Consider three right angle triangles T1, with sides 3, 4, 5, T2 with sides 5, 12, 13 and T3 with sides 6, 8, 10.
Which triangles among T1, T2 and T3 are related?

Answer 12: R = {( T1, T2): T1 is similar to T2} R is reflexive since every triangle is similar to itself.

Further, If (T1, T2) ∈ R, then T1 is similar to T2 , and T2, is similar to T3.

(T2, T1) ∈ R

∴ R is symmetric.
Now, Let (T1, T2), (T2, T3) ∈ R. = T1 is similar to T2, and T2, is similar to T3.

T1 is similar to T3 (T1, T3) ∈ R

∴ R is transitive.

Thus, R is an equivalence relation.

Now, We can observe that

3 4 5 1
= = (= )
6 8 10 2

∴ The corresponding sides of triangles T, and T are in the same ratio.

Then, triangle T1 is similar to triangle T3. Hence, T1 is related to T3.

Question 13:

Show that the relation R defined in the set A of all polygons as

R = {(P1, P2): P, and P2 have same number of sides},

is an equivalence relation.

What is the set of all elements in A related to the right angle triangle T with sides 3, 4 and 5?

Answer 13:

R = {(P1, P2): P1, and P2, have same the number of sides}

∴ R is reflexive.

Since (P1, P1) ∈ R, as the same polygon has the same number of sides with itself.

Let (P1, P2) ∈ R.

P1 and P2 have the same number of sides.

P2 and P1, have the same number of sides.

(P2, P1) ∈ R

∴ R is symmetric.

Now, Let (P1, P2), (P2, P3) ∈ R

P1 and P2 have the same number of sides.


Also, P2 and P3 have the same number of sides.

P1, and P3, have the same number of sides.

(P1,P3) ∈ R

∴ R is transitive.

Hence, R is an equivalence relation.

The elements in A related to the right-angled triangle (T) with sides 3, 4, and 5 are those polygons which
have 3 sides (Since T is a polygon with 3 sides). Hence, the set of all elements in A related to triangle T is
the set of all triangles.

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