English Tenses for Beginners
English Tenses for Beginners
MODULE
PRESENTED BY SMART CLUB
UNIT 1
Our PRESENT Time
Tense yang paling sering digunakan dalam sehari hari adalah Simple
Present Tense. Simple Present adalah bentuk sederhana untuk keterangaan
waktu saat ini. Kalimat dalam Simple Present Tense dibagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu :
1. Kalimat verbal : Kalimat yang memiliki kata kerja langsung (verb)
sebagai inti kalimatnya.
2. Kalimat nominal : Kalimat yang tidak memiliki kata kerja langsung sebagai
inti kalimat. Kalimat ini bisa memiliki inti kalimat berupa Complement
(Adjective/Noun/Adverb).
Examples :
1. Bambang plays football everyday
2. Reporters write news reports
3. She delivers the letters
4. The salesman helps the customer
5. I work in gold mining company
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Formula Simple Present Tense (Kalimat Verbal)
Notes
Type Formula
V1(S/Es) / Does V1 / Do
Positive (+) S + V1(S/Es)
Examples :
1. I run every weekend
2. We play tennis every morning
3. Her father goes to the gym everyday
Negative (-) S + (Do/Does) + Not + V1
Examples :
1. I do not run every weekend
2. We don’t play tennis every morning I
She
3. My father doesn’t go to the gym everyday You
He
We
It
Yes/No (?) (Do/Does) + S + V1? They
Nama
Nama
Examples : Benda Tunggal
BendaJamak
1. Do you run every weekend?
2. Do we play tennis every morning?
3. Does her father go to the gym everyday?
Wh Question (?) Wh + (Do/Does) + S + V1?
Examples :
1. Why do you run every weekend?
2. Why do we play tennis every morning?
3. Why does her father go to the gym
everyday?
Examples :
1. I am not her assistant in this company I
2. She is not busy at the office She
You
He
3. They are not at the laboratory We
It
They
Yes/No (?) Be + S + Complement ? Nama
Nama
Benda Tunggal
Examples : Benda Jamak
1. Are you her assistant in this company?
2. Is she busy at the office?
3. Are they at the laboratory?
Wh Question (?) Wh + Be + S + Complement ?
Examples :
1. What is your position in this company?
2. Why is she busy at the office?
3. Where are they?
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Fungsi Simple Present Tense
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(feeling), indera (sense), pikiran b. I agree with you (aku setuju
(mental state), atau kepemilikan denganmu)
(possession). c. My mother owns a shop
(ibuku memiliki sebuah toko)
5. Simple present digunakan untuk a. Add a glass of milk
memberikan instruksi atau aksi. (tambahkan segelas susu)
b. You go straight ahead and
turn left (kamu jalan lurus
kedepan lalu belok kiri)
Excercise!
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer!
1. The teacher (stand)_______ in front of the students.
2. The doctor (be)_______ always in the hospital every day.
3. Where _____ (do) the sun sets?
4. The water _____ (boil) at 100 degree celcius
5. Many medical forces (be)_______ tired in the hospital
6. My mother always (remind)_______ me to get up early.
7. They never (understand)______my feeling.
8. My cat (be)_______ on the roof at 7.00 p.m. every day.
9. Andika and Andini (have)_____ many children.
10. His parents (call – not)_______ him.
11. Does this famous band (come)_______ to your city every year?
12. Why ____ (be) she angry?
13. Those homeless dogs (need)_______ food every day.
14. She (feel – not)_______ good.
15. I usually ____ (take) a shower at 07.30 in the morning.
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B. Translate this story below to English!
Peter selalu pergi ke taman setiap pagi. Taman itu berada di jalan
Jakarta. Taman itu indah tetapi tidak terlalu besar. Penjaga tamannya ramah.
Setiap hari minggu, Peter pergi ke sana naik sepeda. Peter selalu pergi kesana
bersama tema temannya.
Peter selalu nampak bersemangat dan senang. Dia melihat–lihat bunga
dan berolahraga. Setelah itu, dia mengambil foto dengan teman temannya dan
pulang. Saat dirumah dia mandi dan bersiap untuk bekerja. Dia bekerja setiap
hari senin sampai jumat. Dia adalah seorang dokter gigi. Dia menyukai
pekerjaannya.
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UNIT 2
Let’s remind our PAST
Simple past tense adalah sebuah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan aktifitas atau kejadian yang dilakukan atau terjadi pada masa yang
lampau.
Masa lampau dapat berupa dahulu kala, beberapa tahun yang
lalu,beberapabulanyanglalu,beberapaminggu,hari,ataupunbeberapajam yanglalu.
Kalimat Simple Past Tense memiliki keterangan waktu (adverb of time) seperti
berikut :
Yesterday(kemarin)
Last night (semalam)
Last week (minggu lalu)
One hour ago (satu jam yang lalu)
One month ago (satu bulan lalu)
One year ago (satu tahun lalu)
In January (di bulan Januari)
In 1999 (pada tahun1999)
On Saturday (pada hari Sabtu)
Etc.
Subject + Verb 2
Examples :
1. Banu played volleyball at the beach
2. I wrote reports last week
3. The mailman delivered the letters an hour ago
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4. The salesman helped me at the store
5. I worked in financial company two years ago
Regular Verb
Regular verb adalah kata kerja yang bentuk past tense dan past participle
nya didapat dengan menambahkan akhiran d/ed pada bentuk dasar suatu
kata kerja.
Verb + d/ed
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Irregular Verb
Irregular verb adalah kata kerja yang perubahan bentuk infinitive (bentuk
dasar) tidak teratur pada bentuk past dan past participle.
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1. Peter didn’t go to Bali last year
2. They didn’t visited my
Negative (-) S + Did + Not + V1 hometown 2 years ago
3. My mom didn’t write mea
letter yesterday
1. Did Peter go to Bali last year?
Yes/No 2. Did they visit your hometown 2
Did + S + Verb1? years ago?
Question (?)
3. Did your mom write you a
letter yesterday?
1. When did Peter go to Bali?
2. When did they visit your
Wh Question
Wh +Did + S +V1? hometown?
(?)
3. Why did your mom write you a
letter?
Excercise
Translateto English!
1. Ibuku tidak menelfonku semalam
2. Kemana kamu pergi kemarin?
3. Kenapa dia membelikanmu buku?
4. Aku berangkat ke sekolah bersama Bara kemarin
5. Apa kamu membersihkan rumahku?
6. Arfa tidak membawa buku 2 hari yang lalu
7. Kami meminjam buku novel dari perpustakaan sebulan yang lalu
8. Dia tidur terlambat semalam
9. Aku kehilangan dompetku empat hari yang lalu
10. Kami belajar bersama dirumah Ando minggu lalu
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(Was/Were).Pada kalimat nominal yang menjadi inti kalimat adalah
Noun/Adjective/Adverb.
Examples :
1. She was my friend
2. They were busy yesterday
3. Mr. Robbinson was a dentist in 1997
4. Willy was the owner of fabric company
5. I was at her house last night
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Exercise
Translate to English!
1. Dia di rumahkudua hari yang lalu
2. Apakah mereka bosan?
3. Mengapa dompetku ada dikamarmu tadi pagi?
4. Maura tidak ada di perpustakaan tadi siang
5. Apa dia dulurajin?
6. Dimana rumahmu dulu?
7. Mark tidak ada disekolah pagi ini
8. Apakah dia ada dirumahmu semalam?
9. Mereka adalah guru tiga tahun lalu
10. Kami sibuk sekali dua hari yang lalu
Exercise
Make sentence in Simple Past Form using these words below!
1. Studied
2. Slept
3. Happy
4. Indonesia
5. Student
6. Last year
7. Pilot
8. Holiday
9. Last week
10. Talked
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Unit 3
We’re having PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Ini benar terjadi saat saya mengatakan ini karena kamu memang benar
sedang membaca buku saya.
Do you understand ?
Be + Ving
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Berikut penjelasan lebih lanjut tentang Rumus Present Continuous
Penggunan to (BE) dalam present continuous :
She / he / it = is
You / we/ they = are
I = am
NOTE :
Dalam Continuous JARANG SEKALI menggunakan BENTUK NOMINALNYA
dan SEBAGAI GANTINYA bentuk NOMINAL, CONTINUOUS MERUJUK pada
bentuk NOMINAL di SIMPLE TENSE !
Berhubung ini adalah PRESENT CONTINUOUS, maka bentuk nominalnya
akan menggunakan bentuk NOMINAL dari SIMPLE PRESENT!
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Mengapa begitu?
Karena secara umum hanya action verb yang memiliki bentuk continuous.
Action verb = adalah kata kerja untuk menyatakan bahwa subject
sedang melakukan suatu aksi atau untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu
terjadi.
No Fungsi Contoh
1. Present continuous tense untuk She is brushing the bathroom floor.
membicarakan suatu aksi yang (Dia sedang menyikat lantai kamar
sedang terjadi sekarang. mandi.)
Time expression I am driving a car to Bandung now.
(keterangan waktu) yang (Saya sedang mengendarai mobil ke
dapat digunakan antara Bandung sekarang.)
lain: He is learning English in order to be a
now (sekarang) great guide.
at the moment (saat ini) (Dia sedang belajar bahasa Inggris
over the holidays (selama agar menjadi pemandu wisata yang
hari libur) hebat.)
I am living with my sister at the
moment.
(Saya tinggal dengan saudara
perempuan saya saat ini.)
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2. Present continuous tense I am spending my holiday on Kuta
untuk membicarakan suatu beach next month.
rencana atau perpindahan ke (Saya sedang menghabiskan liburan
suatu tempat/kondisi. di pantai Kuta akhir bulan depan.)
Keterangan waktu yang dapat You can’t call me this night. I am
digunakan antara lain: going to my best friend’s wedding.
on Sunday (pada hari (Kamu tidak dapat menghubungi
Minggu) saya malam ini. Saya akan pergi ke
at nineo’clock on Sunday pernikahan sahabat saya.)
(pada pukul sembilan hari The buses are arriving in an hour.
Minggu) (Bus-bus tersebut tiba dalam satu
next week/month jam.)
(minggu/bulan/depan) I am moving to West Jakarta this
this month (bulan ini) month.
(Saya pindah ke Jakarta Barat bulan
ini.)
3. Present continuous tense Why is the wild dog always barking
untuk mengungkapkan at me?
kejengkelan atas aksi yang (Mengapa anjing liar itu selalu
terjadi berulang kali. menggonggong pada saya?)
I am getting sick of you always asking
the same questions.
(Saya mulai muak dengan kamu yang
selalu menanyakan pertanyaan-
pertanyaan yang sama.)
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Exercise 1 !
1. The kitchen assistants are 5. He is driving to Jakarta.
cooking pie crusts. a) Where he is driving to?
a) What the kitchen assistants are b) Where he driving is?
cooking? c) Where is he driving?
b) What the kitchen assistants cooking
are? 6. The students are solving the math
c) What are the kitchen assistants problem by using the substitution
cooking? method.
a) How the students are solving the
2. They are looking for a cheap flat. math problem?
a) What are they looking for? b) How are the students solving the
b) What they are looking for? math problem?
c) What they looking for are? c) How the students solving the math
problem are?
3. She is studying hard because she
wants to get a good SAT score.
a) Why she studying hard is? 7. The food festival is opening
b) Why is she studying hard? tomorrow.
c) Why she is studying hard? a) When is the food festival opening?
b) When the food festival is opening?
4. The hunter and his wife are going c) When the food festival opening is?
to the Triberg Waterfalls.
a) Where the hunter and his wife are 8. Charlie is arriving at eleven o'clock.
going to? a) What time Charlie arriving is?
b) Where are the hunter and his wife b) What time is Charlie arriving?
going? c) What time Charlie is arriving?
c) Where the hunter and his wife
going are?
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Exercise 2 !
1. You / try to start / your own 5. she / sleep / now
business a. Am she sleeping now?
a. Am you trying to start your own b. Is she sleeping now?
business? c. Are she sleeping now?
b. Is you trying to start your own
business? 6. I / interrupt / your meeting
c. Are you trying to start your own a. Am I interrupting your meeting?
business? b. Is I interrupting your meeting?
c. Are I interrupting your meeting?
2. the screen / display / an error
message 7. it / snow / in London
a. Am the screen displaying an error a. Am it snowing in London?
message? b. Is it snowing in London?
b. Is the screen displaying an error c. Are it snowing in London?
message?
c. Are the screen displaying an error 8. they / eat / something sweet
message? a. Am they eating something sweet?
b. Is they eating something sweet?
3. he / drive / a front loading shovel c. Are they eating something sweet?
a. Am he driving a front loading
shovel? 9. Sheila and you / arrange / flowers
b. Is he driving a front loading shovel? a. Am Sheila and you arranging
c. Are he driving a front loading flowers?
shovel? b. Is Sheila and you arranging flowers?
c. Are Sheila and you arranging
4. the workers / look for / a new job flowers?
a. Am the workers looking for a new
job? 10. your mother / make / food
b. Is the workers looking for a new a. Am your mother making food?
job? b. Is your mother making food?
c. Are the workers looking for a new c. Are your mother making food?
job?
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11. Julian / do / household chores 12. We / go / to the mountain
a. Am Julian doing household chores? a. Am we going to the mountain?
b. Is Julian doing household chores? b. Is we going to the mountain?
c. Are Julian doing household chores? c. Are we going to the mountain?
Exercise 3
1. Who … next to your boss? 6. Is she … flower-arranging at the
a) is sitting flower show now?
b) sitting is a) learning
2. The ship that transports goods … b) learn
at this port at 5:30 p.m. 7. The sun … brightly today.
a) are arriving a) shine
b) is arriving b) is shining
3. Surprisingly, he … very patient 8. The children … in small groups.
and helpful to everyone. a) is playing
a) Be b) are playing
b) is being 9. I … at the hotel until the end of
4. My friend … for Human Resources this month.
jobs in Jakarta. a) am staying
a) am looking b) stay
b) is looking 10. We are not … a trip to Thailand
5. Vina and I … how to cook during rainy season.
French food. a) plan
a) am learning b) planning
b) are learning
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Exercise 4
Complete the sentences into +, -, ? patterns
1. (+) …………………………………………………………….
(-) He is not drawing an animal now
(?) ……………………………………………………………..
3. (+) ……………………………………………………………..
(-) ……………………………………………………………..
(?) Is Spider-man meeting cat women happily ?
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Unit 4
Let’s talk about the FUTURE
Simple future tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan
untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi pada masa yang akan datang,
secara spontan atau terencana. Biasanya tense ini digunakan untuk
menyatakan kegiatan-kegiatan yang akan kita lakukan di waktu-waktu
masa yang akan datang .
Examples ;
I will cook an instant noodle tomorrow
(Aku akan masak mie instan besok)
My parents will not come to your graduation ceremony on this weekend
(Orang tuaku tidak akan datang ke pesta kelulusanmu minggu ini )
Will they meet up nex week ?
(Akan kah mereka bertemu minggu depan ?)
Dari contoh-contoh di atas kalian pasti bisa menyimpulkan seperti apa Simple
Future ini digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris.
Adverb of time (ket. waktu)
Seperti tenses-tenses yang lainnya, Simple Future ini juga dapat
kita cirikan dengan penggunaan keterangan waktu yang sangat mudah
kita kenali. Berikut beberapa contoh adverb of time yang biasa kita
jumpai dan bisa kita gunakan untuk simple future ini.
No Adverb of times Example
1. Today I will come to your house
today
2. Tonight You will meet her up tonight
3. Tomorrow We will see the movie
tomorrow
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4. Soon They will go home soon
5. Next Dimas will submit his
Saturday/week/month/year homework next week
6. at 7:00 (pada pukul tujuh), at My grandma will fly to London
7:00 tomorrow (pada pukul tujuh around 7 pm tomorrow
esok hari), at 7 o’clock (pada
pukul tujuh), at about 7 o’clock
(sekitar pukul 7, around 7
(sekitar pukul tujuh)
7. Until December (sampai Our cats will disappear until
bulan desember ) December
WILL/SHALL + V1.
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Type of
No Formula Contoh
Sentences
- They will get many gifts
soon.
- James will run a new
business a year later
1. S + WILL/SHALL +V1
Positive - You will call me next
weekend.
- I Shall run a new
business a year later
too.
- They will not get
many gifts soon.
- James will not run a
new business a year
later.
2. Negative S + WILL/SHALL + NOT + V1
- You will not call me
next weekend.
- I Shall not run a new
business a year later
too .
- Will they get many gifts
soon?
- Will James run a new
business a year later?
Yes/no WILL/SHALL + S + V1?
3. - Will You call me
Question(?)
next weekend?
- Shall I run a new
business a year later
too?
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- Why Will they get many
gifts soon?
- Where Will James run a
new business a year
WH + WILL/SHALL
4. WH Question later?
+ S + V1?
- How Will You call me
next weekend?
- Where Shall I run a new
business a year later?
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Exampl
Type Formula
e
- Emma will be a doctor next
year.
POSITIVE S + WILL + BE + - She will be at my home
(+) Adj/Noun/Adv tonight.
- Mr. James will be a genius
husband.
- Emma will not be a doctor
next year.
NEGATIVE (-) S + WILL + NOT) + BE + - She will not be at my home
Adj/Noun/Adv tonight.
- Mr. James will not be a
genius husband.
- Will Emma be a doctor next
YES/NO year?
WILL + S + BE + - Will She be at my home
QUESTION
Adj/Noun/Adv? tonight?
(?) - Will Mr. James be a genius
husband?
- When Will Emma be a
doctor?
WH - Who Will be at my home
WH + WILL + S + BE
QUESTION tonight?
+ Adj/Noun/Adv? - Why Will Mr. James
(?)
be a genius
husband?
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Excercise 2
Please translate into English!
1) Kamu akan jadi apa di masa depan?
2) Apakah dia akan gendut tiga tahun setelah melahirkan?
3) Kamu dimana besok minggu?
4) Aku akan pintar suatu hari nanti.
5) Mr. James akan jadi miliader 7 tahun lagi.
6) Aku tidak akan jadi pacarmu!
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2. Membuat keputusan spontan - Hm…what can we do this
saat berbicara. afternoon? Aha,
Jika membuat keputusan we will play games.
dadakan alias spontan sesaat (Hm…ngapain ya kita sore ini?
sebelum berbicara atau saat Aha, kita akan bermain game .)
berbicara, gunakanlah Simple - Oh, We have left the window
Future Tense dengan modal open. You’ll go and shut it,
won’t you?
“Will”.
(Oh, kita meninggalkan jendela
terbuka. Kamu akan ke sana dan
menutupnya, iya kan?)
- They aren’t hungry. I won’t buy
anything for them.
(Mereka tidak lapar.
Aku tidak akan
membelikan apa-apa
buat mereka.)
- I forgot to call my mum. I will call
her now.
(Aku lupa menelepon
ibuku. Aku akan
meneleponnya
sekarang.)
3. Fungsi Simple Future - My boyfriend will be here soon.
Tense selanjutnya sebagai (Pacarku akan segera ke sini.)
prediksi
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