5 SEPARATOPN OF SUBSTANCES
Mixture: A mixture is a substance made by mixing two or more substances
together.
Example : solution of water and salt or sugar, oil in water, dust in air etc.
Types of Mixture
There are two types of mixture.
1. Homogeneous Mixture: A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in
which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture .
Example- solution of water and salt or sugar
2. Heterogeneous Mixture: A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in
which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture.
Example – Oil in water, dust in air
Need for separation (Question 1)
We need to separate different components of a mixture for following
reasons.
1. To removes impurities or non-useful components.
Example – We remove stones from rice and pulses before cooking.
2. To obtain useful components.
Example – Churning of milk to get butter and buttermilk.
Method of separation
1. Handpicking 2. Threshing 3. Winnowing 4. Sieving
5. Sedimentation 6. Decantation 7. Filtration 8. Evaporation
1. Handpicking - Handpicking is a method of separation used to
separate large sized impurities like pieces of dirt, stone, and husk
from wheat, rice or pulses.
2. Threshing - Threshing is the process of beating stalks to separate
the grains from the harvested crop.
It is done manually by farmers, or by threshing machines.
3. Winnowing – Winnowing is used to separate heavier and lighter
components of mixture by wind or blowing wind.
4. Sieving - Sieving is a method of separation in which the mixture is
passed through a filter or a sieve.
5. Sedimentation - When the heavier component in the mixture
settles when water is added to it, the process is called
sedimentation.
Example - This method is used in separating grains from dust and
soil.
Sedimentation is used in separating sand from water.
6. Decantation - Decantation is the process after sedimentation that
involves removing the water, along with the impurities.
Sedimentation and Decantation methods can be used in separating
a mixture of
Water and sand.
Water and oil
In sedimentation and decantation methods mixture of such liquid is
allowed to stand for some time. After some time they form two separate
layers. Then we remove upper layer.
7. Filtration - Filtration is the process of passing the mixture through
a filter to separate a insoluble solid and a liquid components of a
mixture.
Example - We use stainer to remove tea leaves.
8. Evaporation - The process of conversion of water into its vapour is
called evaporation.
Solid salts are obtained by evaporation of sea water. We get
common salt from this solid salt by further purification.
What is condensation?
The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is
called condensation.
Solution: Solution is a homogeneous mixture.
Example- solution of water and sugar
There are two types of solution.
1. Saturated solution- A solution which is not capable of dissolving more
of substance.
2. Unsaturated Solution - A solution which is capable of dissolving more
of substance.
Important: We can dissolve more of substance in a solution by heating it.
1. Why do we need to separate different components of a mixture? Give
two examples.
Ans: We need to separate different components of a mixture for following
reasons.
1. To removes impurities or non-useful components.
Example – We remove stones from rice and pulses before cooking.
2. To obtain useful components.
Example – Churning of milk to get butter and buttermilk.
2. What is winnowing? Where is it used?
Ans: Winnowing is a method of separation used to separate heavier and
lighter components of mixture by wind or blowing wind. This method is used to
separate grains from husk.
3. How will you separate husk or dirt particles from a given sample of
pulses before cooking?
Ans: Husk and dirt particles can be separated from pulses by handpicking.
4. What is sieving? Where is it used?
Ans: Sieving is a method of separation in which the mixture is passed through
a filter or a sieve.
Sieving is used in flour mill to remove husk and stone from wheat before
grinding. It is also used to separate pebbles and stones from sand.
5. How will you separate sand and water from their mixture?
Ans: To separate sand and water from their mixture, we follow the following
steps:
i) Allow mixture to stand undisturbed.
ii) Sand gets settled down in the water. This process is called sedimentation.
iii) Slowly pour water to another container. This process is called decantation.
iv) To remove the finer impurities we can filter this water again with the help of
filter paper. This process is called filtration.
6. Is it possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour? If yes, how
will you do it?
Sugar can be separated from wheat flour by sieving. Sugar particles being
larger in size are retained by the sieve whereas wheat flour will pass through
it.
7. How would you obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water?
Ans: Sedimentation and decantation methods should be carried out to obtain
clear water from muddy water
i) Allow muddy water to stand undisturbed.
ii) Mud gets settled down in the water. This process is called sedimentation.
iii) Slowly pour water to another container. This process is called decantation.
iv) To remove the finer impurities we can filter this water again with the help of
filter paper. This process is called filtration.
8. Fill up the blanks
(a) The method of separating seeds of paddy from its stalks is
called threshing.
(b) When milk, cooled after boiling, is poured onto a piece of cloth, the cream
(malai) is left behind on it. This process of separating cream from milk is an
example of filtration.
(c) Salt is obtained from seawater by the process of evaporation.
(d) Impurities settled at the bottom when muddy water was kept overnight in a
bucket. The clear water was then poured off from the top. The process of
separation used in this example is called decantation.
9. True or false?
(a) A mixture of milk and water can be separated by filtration.
(b) A mixture of powdered salt and sugar can be separated by the
process of winnowing
(c) Separation of sugar from tea can be done with filtration.
(d) Grain and husk can be separated with the process of decantation.
Solution:
a) False
b) False
c) False
d) False
10. Lemonade is prepared by mixing lemon juice and sugar in water. You
wish to add ice to cool it. Should you add ice to the lemonade before or
after dissolving sugar? In which case would it be possible to dissolve
more sugar?
We should add sugar before adding ice. When we add sugar before adding
ice, it will dissolve more sugar.
