1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
DAR ES SALAAM CONSTITUENT
COLLEGE
_____________________________________________
FACULTY OF DEV’T STUDIES & MGT (FDSM)
GUIDELINES AND FORMAT FOR WRITING RESEARCH
PROPOSALS AND REPORTS
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2011-2012, EDITION
Preamble
In order to ensure that researches are conducted effectively and that Research Proposals and Reports are
presented in one standard format, the following guidelines have been developed by the Faculty of
Development Studies and Management (FDSM) of Kampala International University (KIU) Dar es salaam
College to guide students on the elements, the flow and content of research proposals and reports. It is
therefore a requirement that this guideline be adhered to by students and supervisors within the Faculty.
To increase the legibility of this write-up, the words “students”, “supervisors”, will be used as unmarked
terms, by which women as well as men are implied.
Definition of Terms
Research proposal
A proposal is a written presentation of an intended research specifying the problem, the purpose, scope,
methodology and the budget. It is a description of the intended research and why it will be done. Well
prepared research proposal will act as an efficient and effective guide while conducting the research.
Before a student embarks on data collection and report writing, he/she must submit a proposal and have it
approved by the relevant units of the College. A student’s report will not be assessed or evaluated unless
the proposal for the research generating such a report had earlier been approved by the Faculty and/or
Department.
Research report
The report of an academic research carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a
Bachelor’s degree.
Element of Research Proposal
These are the following sections in a research proposal:
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Preliminary Pages
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Chapter One -- Introduction/ The problem and its scope
Chapter Two – Literature Review
Chapter Three – Methodology
References
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background Information/Background of the study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Objectives
Research Questions/Hypothesis/Assumptions
Scope
Significance/Justification
Operational Definition of Key Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Conceptual Review
Theoretical Review
Review of Related Literature
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research Population
Sample and Sampling Procedure
Data Collection Instruments
Validity and Reliability of the instrument
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Data Analysis
Ethical Consideration
Limitations of the study
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Budget
Time frame
Instrument(s)
PRELIMINARY PAGES
The preliminary pages in the research proposal include the title page and the table of contents, list of tables
and List of figures (the latter two depends on their availability within the proposal). The title page is not
numbered.
Title
A research title/topic is a systematic statement of what the research is all about. The title should be specific
and adequately reflect the content and scope of the study in not more than 20 words. It should be
researchable and should give a clear indication of how the dependent and independent variables of the
study relate. Detailed warding and unnecessary addendum such as:
“An analysis of” or “An Experimental Investigation of” should be avoided.
A title is placed first in the proposal however it is frequently formulated well after planning has begun and
the dimensions of the study determined. The title page should have the title of the study in Capital Letters.
All information on the title page must be centered and arranged in the form of inverted pyramid. The name
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
and the Registration number of the candidate must be below the title. The description of the document, in
the following phrase, should then follow.
“A Research Proposal Submitted to the Faculty of Development Studies and Management in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of (e.g. Bachelor Arts in Guidance and
counseling or Bachelor of Human Resource Management of Kampala International University)
Lastly, the months and the year of presentation of the proposal should appear in the centre at the bottom of
the title page. The title page should appear as below
GUIDANCE SERVICES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BPA STUDENTS
AT KIU DAR ES SALAAM COLLEGE ILALA
DISTRICT TANZANIA
BY
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
ASITWA JOHN BOSCO
BGC/4010/93/DT
A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF DEVELOPMENT
STUDIES AND MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF A BACHELOR OF
ARTS IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING OF
KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY
JUNE, 2012
Table of Contents
The table of contents accurately indicates the key sections of the write-up and the exact pages where those
sections start.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
The purpose of introduction is to provide a basis of the study. It provides the background to the study and
the setting required to put the research problem in a proper context. The introduction constitutes the first
chapter of the research proposal and it usually follows the order given below.
Background to the study
This section gives the historical perspective of the study. It is the rationale of the study providing evidence
and conditions of the existing situation to make the reader feel the urgency of the problem and the need to
study it in order to solve it or contribute to its solution.
A background portrays the history and character of the problem or issue at hand and tries to expose the
facts that surround the problem that must be tackled through undertaking a study. That is, it consist of the
statement on what led a researcher to undertake a study, what has been done before and how does the
study differ as well as the empirical observations that transformed the researcher to explore the problem.
A well- written background should proceed from general to the specific. It should clearly discuss the
problem that exist whose solution need to be found. The problem should be introduced starting from the
global level down to the local level. A background should be written in few, short and compact paragraphs
which should be exposing the problem.
Statement of the Problem
A statement of the problem refers to what the researcher has identified as existing out there (practical or
theoretical) a condition which needs to be probed and solution found. The researcher has to identify the
specific problem existing within the specific area of interest which his/her research will seek to address. The
evidence that such a problem exists must be rooted in the background information. What is actually under
investigation should be stated in clear and unambiguous terms. The statement should provide the
researcher with considerable direction in pursuing the study. If the background has been well described,
what to be tackled through researcher can be summarily stated in less than one page.
Purpose of the Study
Following the statement of the research problem is the purpose of the study. The purpose conveys the
overall intent of the proposed study. This statement is the central, controlling idea in the study. It answers
the questions, why do I want to undertake this study. It serves to elaborate upon the information implied in
the title of the study by presenting a quick over view of the study itself. The purpose should not be a
reproduction of the title, but should be a summary statement of the reason why the study is being
proposed. It should spell out what the research is supposed to accomplish.
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Research Objectives
These are finer statements of what is to be accomplished, which emanate from the purpose of the study.
They specify more directly what the researcher is going to do. While the purpose is a general statement of
the aim of the study, the objectives must be SMART. That is they must be:
S Specific
M Measurable
A Achievable
R Realistic
T Time bound
The number of specific objectives will usually depend on how many sub ranges of independent variables
we are interested in. However, Bachelors students are advised to have a minimum of two and not to
exceed Four Specific objectives.
Research Questions
The research questions are research objectives stated in question form. By putting the objectives in the
form of questions one is more able to attract the intended type of data. They must be stated in a way that
they will carry the same meaning as the research objectives.
Research Hypotheses
A research hypothesis is an assumption about the status of events. It can also be an assumption about the
relation amongst the variables of the study. It can be tentative explanation of the research problem, and it
can be an educated guess about the research outcome. Not all researches need hypotheses, but where
they are appropriate, they must be empirically verifiable, to be meaningful to the researcher.
They must also be limited on the scope of the study so that they are realistically testable.
There are basically two types of hypotheses, namely: the research hypothesis and the null hypothesis.
A research hypothesis (also called alternative hypothesis) denoted by H 1 is a statement of an expectation
about the outcomes of a study. It is the hypothesis that the researcher wishes to establish by carrying out
the investigation. It is therefore the preferred form of hypothesis statement in the introductory chapter of a
research proposal.
The null hypothesis denoted by the H 0 states that there is no effect of the independent variable on the
dependent variable. It is the null (statistical) hypothesis that is subjected to statistical testing. Hypotheses
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
should be stated in the null form, in chapter 4, when they are to be tested. In case of absence of research
questions assumptions should be used.
Scope
This specifies the proposals for the boundaries of the research. The geographical scope defines the
location of the study sites; theoretical scope defines the issues to be covered; and the content scope
defines the factors and variables to be considered.
Significance
This refers to the relevance of the study in terms of academic contribution and practical use that might be
made of the findings. It is always stated as a suggestion or intended expectation from the study. It is best
considered in terms of usage, benefits or advantages that might be gotten from the findings,
recommendation and conclusions from the study.
The intended or expected benefits or usage could be targeted to:-
i) The immediate community, persons or society
ii) National community, groups or persons
iii) International community.
Operational definition of Key Terms
Give operational definitions of major terms that are to be used in the research.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Conceptual Review
This section deals with the analysis of literature with the objective of seeing the concepts, ideas and
opinions of scholars/experts. A review of literature from the conceptual perspective permits the researcher
to see how the essential concepts (variables) in the study are connected. The relationship among the
variables can also be demonstrated graphically (diagrammatically) using a conceptual framework or model
(i.e. a scheme of concepts [variables] which a researcher will operationalise in the study in order to answer
the research Questions).
An understanding of the concepts through the review of literature will help the researcher to show how the
new study integrates with old ones. The key concepts used in the research and how the candidate sees
how the variables relate to each other may be given. This is important especially in the case where there is
no theory to guide the study.
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Theoretical Framework/Review
In carrying out a basic research there is need for the researcher to use a theory or some theories (one for
each independent and dependent variable or combined). Theories are statements about how concepts and
variables are connected and their purpose is to explain why things happen as they do. A theoretical review
helps the researcher to identify the assumptions that underpin the study.
One or more theories may need to be discussed in this section if the topic is from a well researched area to
serve as a pivot for the study. In some cases where few studies have been undertaken there may be no
theories to draw upon. In such a case, the conceptual framework shall be used.
Review of Related Literature
This section deals with the analysis of the literature related to the subject of the study with the objective of
seeing what other scholars have studied and discovered and what knowledge gaps remain to be filled. The
review must be focused on the study variables by reviewing literature under the sub-themes which
synchronize with the research objectives or questions or hypotheses. When the literature review is so
structured it would be easy, when discussing the researcher’s findings, to relate and compare these
findings with previous findings in the reviewed literature. The review should identify the gaps existing in
literature and specify the ones that the research will focus on.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The researcher needs a master plan or map by which he would be able to provide answers to the research
questions and by which he would be able to control variance. This is the research design. A researcher
should be able to identify and isolate the design most appropriate for a study. It could be experimental,
quasi-experimental, descriptive survey, historical, case study, ex post facto etc. A researcher should make
the form or design of investigation explicit and provide a justification for the choice. He can also indicate if
the approach he is adopting as quantitative or qualitative or both.
Research Population
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
A population is the complete collection of all the elements that are of interest in a particular investigation. A
target population is the population to which the researcher ultimately wants to generalize the results. This
target population is the population from which the sample will be drawn. The result can best be generalized
to the accessible population. They can, at times be generalized to the target population also, if the two
populations are very similar.
Sample and Sampling Procedure
What size of sample can represent the accessible population? The ideal size varies with the population
size. There are laid down rules and tables to assist in determining the size of a representative sample.
Researchers are to indicate the population size and the corresponding sample size and quote the authority
that supports the sufficiency of the sample size. Many business and social sciences researchers make use
of Krejcre and Morgan table as well as the Slovene’s formula in determining appropriate samples for both
basic and applied researches.
In research, a sample should be a representation of the population. In other words most characteristics of
the population should be represented in the selected sample.
This calls for the use of a suitable sampling strategy. The procedure adopted should ensure that the
selected sample represents the population should be explained.
Instruments
There are a variety of research instruments or tools that can be used to collect data. Examples include the
Questionnaire, Interview Guide, and Observations Checklist. The researcher needs to indicate the research
instruments he intends to use. The purpose of each instrument should be described.
Validity and Reliability (Data Quality Control)
Data quality control refers to validity and reliability of the instruments. Validity refers to the appropriateness
of the instruments while reliability refers to its consistency in measuring whatever it is intended to measure.
The researcher needs to describe how he intends to establish the validity and reliability of the research
instrument before using them. For purposes of triangulation more than one instrument can be used.
Data Analysis
This section in proposal writing details with how the data generated in the study is to be organized and
analyzed. What technique to be used to analyze each group of data should be specified. While thematic
analysis can be employed for qualitative data, the use of such statistical techniques as t test, chi-square,
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
correlation, ANOVA, and the like are appropriate for quantitative data. Spell out the particular technique to
use for each type of data.
Ethical Consideration
This refers to the moral justification of the investigation. How do we ensure the safety, social and
psychological well being of the person and / or community involved? This may involve getting clearance
from the ethical body and consent of the respondent.
Limitations
This considers potential sources of bias in the proposed study. Whatever may limit the validity of our
findings constitute limitations. However, they need not to prevent the study from being carried out. The
confession of the limitations only PROPOSAL
serves to warn the reader of the amount of trust to place in the findings.
REFERENCES
This is the list of works cited in the proposal. It should be written according to approved format. For
uniformity the approved format for KIU is the format of the latest edition of APA Publication Manual. Only
Preliminaries Text
cited authors in the proposal Reference
should be given in the reference section. AllAppendix
authors in the reference section
should appear in the body of the proposal.
- Title -Data collection instrument e.g. Questionnaire
APPENDICES -Time frame
- Declaration & Chapter one Chapter two Chapter three
These comprise of a budget, time frame and instruments.
Literature review - Budget
Approval Introduction Methodology
Budget
- Table of content
The budget specification should include: travel costs, allowances for research assistants (if any), stationary,
- List of tables
secretarial services, data treatment and analysis, production of research reports. Each section should
- List of figures
specify the item(s), quantity required, the unit cost, the total cost of each item, and the grand total.
1. Background
Write the review by topic making reference to different studies (Authors) in each topic.1. Research
Note each
design
author finding on each topic.
2. Problem statement 2. Population
Time frame 3. Purpose of the study
1. Conceptual review 3. Sample size
A Ghant chart
2. Theoretical review 4. illustrating the activities and indicating the length of each activity,
Research objectives in weeks, is ideal.
determination
Note: 5. Research questions
3. Related Literature 4. Sampling
(i) The&/or hypotheses
length of Bachelors Proposal should not exceed 15 pagesProcedureincluding the references. The
6. Scope
pages are to beornumbered using the Arabic numerals. Each appendix
7. Significance is separately numbered
5 Data collection
using the lower case roman numerals.
Justification Instruments
6. Validity &
reliability of the
Instrument
7. Data analysis
8. Ethical Issues
8. Limitations
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
Typing of the Proposal
1. A4 size, 80 gram bond paper
2. Computer printed materials must be of good quality
3. Font = Tahoma
4. Font Size = 12
5. Margins: 1.5 inches spacing from top, bottom, left and right sides
6. Type with 1.5 inches spacing
7. Double space from one heading to the next heading.
Sample Research Report Format/ Sequence
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
LEADERSHIP STYLES AND PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES
IN SELECTED NGOS IN ILALA
DISTRICT TANZANIA
BY
MACHA JOAN
BHR//0001/201/DT
A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF DEVELOPMENT
STUDIES AND MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF
KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY
JUNE, 2012
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
DECLARATION
"This Research report is my original work and has not been presented for a Degree or any other
academic award in any University or Institution of Learning".
Name and Signature of Candidate
Date
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
APPROVAL
"I confirm that the work presented in this report was carried out by the candidate under my
supervision".
Name and Signature of Supervisor
___________________________
Date
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
DEDICATION
The dedication statement should be between twenty five (25) to thirty (30) words.
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Acknowledgement should not exceed one hundred fifty (150) words.
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
TABLE OF CONTENT
The table of content should be computer generated to allow easy updates when ever
there are changes made in the work before the final/fair copy of the report is printed
vi
vi
vi
vi
vi
vi
vi
vi
ABSTRACT
The abstract should briefly state the following:
vii
vii
vii
vii
vii
vii
vii
vii
The purpose, objectives and/or research question, methodology used, major findings,
conclusions and recommendations.
Other abstracting guide:
1. Be simple and direct. Avoid introductory phrases.
2. Use complete sentences in the third person.
3. Aim for short sentences.
4. Do not present citations, graphs, symbols, formulas,
illustrations and diagrams.
5. A good abstract should contain at most 300 words.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Describes the prevailing problem situation from the global level down to national and local levels (broad to
narrow perspective). A background should explain what the study is all about and should arouse the interest of
the readers. It should be written in few, short and compact paragraphs which should be exposing the problem.
Statement of the Problem
The researcher has to identify the specific problem existing within the specific area of interest which his/her
research will seek to address. The statement should provide the researcher with considerable direction in
pursuing the study.
Purpose of the Study
This refers to the general aim for carrying out the study. The purpose should not be a reproduction of the title,
but should be a summary statement of the reason why the study is being proposed.
Research Objectives
These are finer statements of what is to be accomplished, which emanate from the purpose of the study. They
specify more directly what the researcher is going to do. While the purpose is a general statement of the aim of
the study, the objectives must be SMART.
Research Questions
The research questions must be stated in question form and in a way that they are synchronized with the
research objectives.
Hypothesis
The research hypothesis is a tentative explanation of the research problem. It is also a tentative answer to the
research Questions and can be an educated guess about the research outcome. Not all researches need a
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
hypothesis; therefore, if the study is hypothesis free, an ASSUMPTION may take its place. The hypothesis must
be stated where it is applicable. Ideally, the hypothesis can be in null or alternative form.
Scope
This specifies the boundaries of the research. The geographical scope defines the location or site of the study.
The theoretical scope defines the issues to be covered; the content scope defines the factors and variables to
be considered.
Significance of the Study
This provides the justification of the study. It spells out who the probable beneficiaries of the study findings
might be (country, government, local community, agency, curriculum developers, researchers etc.), and how
they might benefit. It also shows how the research findings will contribute to general knowledge and what its
impact on development towards better life is. It should reflect on knowledge creation, as well as on
technological or socio-economic value to the community.
Operational Definitions of Key Terms
This gives the definitions of major terms as they are used in the study. Key terms are ideally found in the
research title, research instrument and other parts of the study where the terms need to be operationally
defined in this section.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Conceptual Review
This section deals with the analysis of literature with the objective of seeing the concepts, ideas and opinions of
scholars/experts. A review of literature from the conceptual perspective permits the researcher to see how the
essential concepts (variables) in the study are connected. The relationship among the variables can also be
demonstrated graphically (diagrammatically) using a conceptual framework or model (i.e. a scheme of concepts
[variables] which a researcher will operationalise in the study in order to answer the research Questions).
An understanding of the concepts through the review of literature will help the researcher to show how the new
study integrates with old ones. The key concepts used in the research and how the candidate sees their
interrelationship should be given.
Theoretical Framework/Review
This should discuss the theory to which the study is based (one for each independent and dependent variable)
or one that relates the two variables. A theoretical review helps the researcher to identify the assumptions that
underpin the study. One or more theories may need to be discussed in this section if the topic is from a well
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
researched area to serve as a pivot for the study. In some cases where few studies have been undertaken
there may be no theories to draw upon. In such a case, the conceptual framework shall be used.
Review of Related Literature
This section deals with the analysis of the literature related to the subject of the study with the objective of
seeing what other scholars have studied and discovered and what knowledge gaps remain to be filled. The
review must be focused on the study variables by reviewing literature under the sub-themes which synchronize
with the research objectives or questions or hypotheses. When the literature review is so structured it would be
easy, when discussing the researcher’s findings, to relate and compare these findings with previous findings in
the reviewed literature. The review should identify the gaps existing in literature and specify the ones that the
research will focus on.
Proper citations (author, year) must also be reflected in APA referencing style.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The researcher should be able to identify and isolate the design used in the study. It could be experimental,
quasi-experimental, descriptive survey, historical, case study, etc. A researcher should make the form or design
of investigation explicit and provide a justification for the choice. He can also indicate if the approach he is
adopting is quantitative or qualitative or both.
Research Population
A population is the complete collection of all the elements that are of interest in a particular investigation. A
target population is the population to which the researcher ultimately wants to generalize the results. This target
population is the population from which the sample was drawn. The result can best be generalized to the
accessible population. They can, at times be generalized to the target population also, if the two populations
are very similar.
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Sample Size
The researcher should indicate the sample size and how it was obtained from a given population. The ideal size
varies with the population size. There are laid down rules and tables to assist in determining the size of a
representative sample. Researchers are to indicate the population size and the corresponding sample size and
quote an authority that supports the sufficiency of the sample size. There are various formula used for sample
size calculation depending on the research design. How the sample size is arrived at should be clearly stated.
N
One of the formulas is Slovene’s which is presented as n= 1+N ( e )2
Where n = Sample size, N = Population; e = Degree of error for research (0.05)
Sampling Procedure
In research, a sample should be a representation of the population. In other words most characteristics of the
population should be represented in the selected sample. This calls for the use of a suitable sampling
strategy(ies). The procedure adopted should ensure that the selected sample represents the population and
should be explained.
Instruments
There are a variety of research instruments or tools that can be used to collect data. Examples include the
Questionnaire, Interview Guide, and Observations Checklist. The researcher needs to indicate the research
instruments he intends to use, whether researcher devised or standardized research instrument. The purpose
of each instrument should be described.
Validity and Reliability (Data Quality Control)
Data quality control refers to validity and reliability of the instruments. Validity refers to the appropriateness of
the instruments while reliability refers to its consistency in measuring whatever it is intended to measure. The
researcher needs to describe how he intends to establish the validity and reliability of the research instrument
before using them. For purposes of triangulation more than one instrument can be used.
Data gathering procedure
In this section, of the study the collection of data step by step, before, during and after the administration of the
research instrument should be described.
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Data Analysis
This section presents how the data generated in the study was organized and analyzed. What techniques were
used to analyze each group of data should be specified. While thematic analysis can be employed for
qualitative data, the use of such statistical techniques as t test, chi-square, correlation, ANOVA, and the like are
appropriate for quantitative data.. Spell out the particular technique to use for each type of data.
Ethical Consideration
This refers to the moral justification of the investigation. How do we ensure the safety, social and psychological
well being of the person and / or community involved? This may involve getting clearance from the ethical body
and consent of the respondent.
Limitations
This considers potential sources of bias in the proposed study. Whatever may limit the validity of our findings
constitute limitations. However, they need not to prevent the study from being carried out. The confession of the
limitations only serves to warn the reader of the amount of trust to place in the findings.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Start with narrative statements of the data in answer to the specific research questions then a graphic
or tabular presentation of the data. Below the tables/graphs, discuss the meaning and practical implications of
the findings with consideration on the results of similar studies. Include also the findings of other investigators
both in agreement or disagreement with the findings of the study on hand. Below each table indicate the source
of data.
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
Introduce this chapter and its coverage.
Findings
Clearly state in this portion the overall results in answer to the specific research questions.
Conclusions
This should state clearly the researcher's stand on the research problem based on all evidences presented.
The conclusion/s should be sound, logical and answers any of these: the main research problem, if the
hypothesis is accepted or rejected or if the theory to which the study is based is proven or not.
Recommendations
1. Should be sound and logical based on the findings and conclusions of the study.
2. Shortcomings of the study are addressed and constructive suggestions given for future research.
3. Two to three titles of related studies are suggested for the future researchers.
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
REFERENCES
This is the list of works cited in the research report. It should be written according to approved format. For
uniformity the approved format for KIU is the format of the latest edition of APA Publication Manual. Only cited
authors in the report should be given in the reference section. All authors in the reference section should
appear in the body of the report. Present the references in Alphabetical order.
APPENDICES
These comprise of
APPENDIX I: Transmittal Letter
Attached here is an original copy of the letter/ communication from the Faculty/Department through its
Dean or HOD stating the request for the candidate to be given consideration to conduct his/her study as
specified.
Also include the Acceptance letter(s) from the authorities of where the data was collected from.
APPENDIX II: Research Instrument
A copy of the research instrument must be attached.
Budget
The budget specification should include: travel costs, allowances for research assistants (if any), stationary,
secretarial services, data treatment and analysis, production of research reports. Each section should specify
the item(s), quantity required, the unit cost, the total cost of each item, and the grand total.
Time frame
A Ghant chart illustrating the activities and indicating the length of each activity, in weeks, is ideal.
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Typing of the Report
1. A4 size, 80 gram bond paper
2. Computer printed materials must be of good quality
3. Font = Tahoma
4. Font Size = 12
5. Margins: 1.5 inches spacing from top, bottom, left and right sides
6. Type with 1.5 inches spacing
7. Double space from one heading to the next heading.
REFERENCES
Amin, M.E (2004). Foundations of statistical inference for social science research , Makerere
University.
Amin, M.E. (2005). Social science research, conceptions, methodology and analysis
Kampala, Makerere University Printery.
Maicibi .N. Alhas (2007). The research methodology. A paper presented at a one day
seminar on research methodology at Kampala International university.
Maicibi, N.A. & Kaahwa, Y. (Eds), (2004). Graduate studies supervision at Makerere
University, Kampala; Netmedia Publishers Ltd.
Oso, Willis Yuko (2003). General guidelines for writing research proposal and report ;
Kampala International University.
Samuel. J. Owolabi (2007). Over view of research, paper presented at a seminar on
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
research methods for the post graduate students and lecturers of the school of post
graduate studies, Kampala International University.
School of Post graduate studies & Research KIU (2009) Guide to Writing research Proposal
2009 Edition
