CEB 2043
REACTION ENGINEERING I
Chapter 02: Conversion & Reactor Sizing
AQSHA
UNIV. TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS, MALAYSIA
[email protected]
SEPTEMBER 2020
Image: Fiverr
SYLLABUS & TIMELINE
WEEK TOPIC ASSESSMENT NOTE
1 Chapter 0: Introduction to reaction engineering
2 Chapter 1: Introduction & mole balances Assignment 1
3 Chapter 2: Conversion and reactor sizing Quiz 1 Pop-Up
4 Chapter 3: Rate laws and stoichiometry Test 1 Will be scheduled
5 Chapter 4: Isothermal Reactor design – Batch & CSTR
6 Chapter 4: Isothermal Reactor design – PFR & PBR Assignment 2
7 Chapter 5: Collection & analysis of rate data Quiz 2 Pop-Up
8 Chapter 6: Multiple reactions - Introduction Test 2 Will be scheduled
9 Chapter 6: Multiple reactions – Series and Parallel
10 Chapter 8: Steady state non-isothermal reactor design Integrated Project Reactor Design
11 Chapter 10: Catalysis & Catalytic Reactor
12 Review – Study Week – Final Exam Prep Project Submission
REACTION ENGINEERING
Heat Effects
Isothermal Design
Stoichiometry
Rate Laws
Mole Balance
CRE Algorithm
CHAPTER 02 – CONVERSION & REACTOR SIZING
1. Introduction
2. Batch Reactor Design Equation
3. Flow Reactors (CSTR, PFR, PBR) Design Equation
▪ Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
▪ Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)
▪ Packed Bed Reactor (PBR)
4. Reactor in Series
These materials is adapted from Fogler: Essential of Chemical Reaction Engineering
INTRODUCTION
▪ Review of Chapter 01
▪ Definition of Conversion, X
▪ Develop the Design Equations in Terms of X
▪ Size CSTRs and PFRs given –rA= f(X)
▪ Conversion for Reactors in Series
▪ Review the Fall of the Tower of CRE
These materials is adapted from Fogler: Essential of Chemical Reaction Engineering
DEFINITION OF CONVERSION
Consider the generic reaction
a A + bB ⎯
⎯→ c C + d D
Choose limiting reactant A as basis of calculation
b c d
A+ B⎯
⎯→ C + D
a a a
Define conversion, X
moles A reacted
X=
moles A fed
These materials is adapted from Fogler: Essential of Chemical Reaction Engineering
CONVERSION
moles A reacted
X=
moles A fed
Batch Flow
N A0 − N A FA0 − FA
X= X=
N A0 FA0
NA0 = Moles A initially
NA = Moles A remaining
FA0 = Rate of moles A fed (input)
FA = Rate of moles A leaving (output)
These materials is adapted from Fogler: Essential of Chemical Reaction Engineering
MOLE BALANCE SUMMARY
BATCH REACTOR
Moles A Moles A Moles A
remaining = initially − reacted
NA = N A0 − N A0 X
dN A = 0 − N A0 dX
dN A dX
= − N A0 = rAV
dt dt
dX
N A0 = −rAV
dt
BATCH REACTOR
dX rAV t =0 X =0
=−
dt N A0 t =t X = X
X=0
Integrating NA=NA0
X
dX
t = N A0
0
− rAV NA
t is the amount of time needed to achieve X=X
conversion X or to reduce the number of NA=NA
moles of A from NA0 to NA. t
CSTR – CONTINOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR
In − Out + Generation = Accumulation
dN A
FA 0 − FA + rA dV =
dt
dN A
Steady State =0
dt
FA 0 − FA
Well Mixed V=
−rA
r dV = r V
A A
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CSTR – CONTINOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR
Moles A Moles A Moles A
leaving = entering − reacted
FA = FA0 − FA0 X
FA0 − FA + rA dV = 0
FA 0 − (FA 0 − FA 0 X )
V=
−rA
FA0 X
V= V = CSTR volume necessary to achieve conversion X.
− rA
12
PFR – PLUG FLOW REACTOR
V
dFA
= rA
dV
FA FA
FA = FA0 − FA0 X
V V + V
Steady State
dFA = 0 − FA0 dX
− FA0 dX
= rA
dV
13
PFR – PLUG FLOW REACTOR
V =0 X =0 V
FA0
dX = dV
V =V X = X − rA
FA FA
Integrating X
FA0
V = dX
− rA V V + V
0
X
dX
V = FA0
0
− rA
PFR volume necessary to achieve conversion X.
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PBR – PACKED BED REACTOR
W
dFA
= rA '
dW FA FA
FA = FA0 − FA0 X
W W + W
Steady State
dFA = 0 − FA0 dX
− FA0 dX
= rA '
dW
15
PBR – PACKED BED REACTOR
W
V =0 X =0 FA0
dX = dW
V =V X = X − rA ' FA FA
Integrating X
FA0
W = dX W W + W
0
− rA '
X
dX
W = FA0
0
− rA '
W is the weight of catalyst necessary to achieve conversion X.
16
MOLE BALANCE SUMMARY – IN CONVERSION
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