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Probability
Prepared by:
Engr. Jude L. Rosales, CE
July 14, 2020
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING
If a pair dice is thrown, how many outcomes are possible?
a. 6 c. 18
b. 12 d. 36
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FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING
How many committees consisting of one boy and one girl can be selected from a group of 3 boys and 2 girls?
a. 5 c. 8
b. 6 d. 12
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING
How many three-place numbers can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 3 and 5 if (a) each digit can be used only once?
(b) any digit can be repeated?
a. 24,64 c. 32,64
b. 64,24 d. 64,32
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FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING
From the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, how many three-digit numbers can be formed if each digit can be used only
once?
a. 120 c. 108
b. 210 d. 180
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING
[Link] the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, how many three-digit odd numbers can be formed if each digit can be used
only once?
a. 75 c. 120
b. 90 d. 105
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FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING
6. From the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, how many three-digit even numbers can be formed if each digit can
be used only once?
a. 120 c. 90
b. 105 d. 75
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING
7. From the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, how many three-digit numbers greater than 330 can be formed if
each digit can be used only once?
a. 75 c. 120
b. 90 d. 105
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FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING
Additional:
From the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, how many three-digit numbers greater than 330 can be formed if each digit
can be used only once and is divisible by 7?
a. 15 c. 9
b. 7 d. 3
Permutation
Permutation refers to the arrangement of objects in a definite order.
𝑛!
𝑛𝑃𝑟 =
𝑛−𝑟 !
Classification:
(A) All things are taken at a time - ATATAAT
(N) Not all things are taken at a time – NATATAAT
(U) Unique
(I) Identical
(L) Linear
(C) Circular
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Cases of Permutation:
LAU:
LAI:
LNU:
LNI:
CAU:
CAI:
CNU:
CNI:
Cases of Permutation:
LAU:
LAI:
LNU:
LNI:
CAU:
CAI:
CNU:
CNI:
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Example:
5 persons (ABCDE)
5 Chairs
8. In how many ways can 8 persons be seated in a row of 8 chairs?
a. 40,230 c. 40,320
b. 362,808 d. 362,880
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Example:
Permute:
AAB
10. How many different ways can 3 blue, 2 red, and 4 yellow bulbs be arranged in a string of
Christmas tree lights with nine sockets?
a. 1,602 c. 1,620
b. 1,206 d. 1,260
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11. How may distinct permutations can be made from the letters of the word “ENGINEERING”?
a. 277,200 c. 277,700
b. 227,200 d. 227,700
9. In how many ways can 5 persons be seated in a row of 9 chairs?
a. 3,024 c. 6,720
b. 15,120 d. 60,480
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Example:
5 person (ABCDE)
5 Chairs (Circular)
Example:
Permute ABC (Linear and Circular)
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14. How many circular arrangements can be made from 10 objects all taken at a time?
a. 5,040 c. 362,880
b. 40,320 d. 3.628,800
Example:
Permute AAB (Linear and Circular)
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Example:
Permute AABB (Linear and Circular)
12. There are 5 persons to be seated in a row of 5 chairs. If the two of them does not want to be
seated together, in how many ways can they be seated?
a. 84 c. 64
b. 72 d. 76
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13. In how many ways can 7 scientists be assigned to one triple and two double hotel rooms?
a. 210 c. 230
b. 220 d. 240
Combination
Combination refers to a collection of objects without regard to sequence or order of agreement.
𝑛!
𝑛𝐶𝑟 =
𝑛 − 𝑟 ! 𝑟!
𝑛!
𝑛𝐶𝑟 =
𝑛 − 𝑛 ! 𝑛!
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15. How many number combinations can be made from a lotto game 6/42?
a. 5,452,786 c. 5,254,786
b. 5,425,786 d. 5,245,786
16. From a group of professional consisting of 5 Engineers and 4 Architects, find the number of
committees that can be formed consisting of 5 professionals?
a. 162 c. 216
b. 126 d. 261
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17. From a group of professional consisting of 5 Engineers and 4 Architects, find the number of
committees that can be formed consisting of 5 professionals, 3 of which must be Engineers and 2 Architect?
a. 48 c. 72
b. 60 d. 84
18. In how many ways can 5 cards be dealt from a deck of 52 cards if the selection consists of 3 aces and
2 kings?
a. 12 c. 18
b. 16 d. 24
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19. There are 12 persons attending a meeting. In how many ways can 7 among them be seated on a row
of 7 seats?
a. 3,991,680 c. 3,919,680
b. 3,991,860 d. 3,919,860
20. There are 12 persons attending a meeting. In how many ways can 7 among them be seated on
circular arrangements of 7 seats?
a. 570,042 c. 570,240
b. 570,024 d. 570,420
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21. In a 10-pin bowling, how many ways in knocking down the pins will there be if one ball throw is
made?
a. 1 c. 1,024
b. 3,628,800 d. 1,023
Example:
ABCDEE - Pick 4 - Linear
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Example:
ABCDDEE - Pick 4 - Linear
9 (MODIFIED). In how many ways can 5 persons be seated in a row of 9 chairs in circular
orientation?
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Example:
ABCDEE - Pick 4 - Circular
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