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Helical Spring PDF

A helical spring is made of wire wound in coils. When a load is applied, the spring extends. The spring's extension is directly proportional to the load based on its geometry and material properties. Shear stresses from both direct force and torque are developed. An experiment measured the extension of a spring under increasing loads to determine its spring constant and the material's modulus of rigidity.

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674 views2 pages

Helical Spring PDF

A helical spring is made of wire wound in coils. When a load is applied, the spring extends. The spring's extension is directly proportional to the load based on its geometry and material properties. Shear stresses from both direct force and torque are developed. An experiment measured the extension of a spring under increasing loads to determine its spring constant and the material's modulus of rigidity.

Uploaded by

الشهاب ناروتو
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Helical Spring

• A close-coiled helical spring is composed of a wire of round rod of diameter d wound into
a helix of mean radius R, (R >> d) with n number of turns.
• If an axial load P is applied to the spring, then an extension of δ will be produced.

• If the spring sectioned as shown in the figure (at the curvature) two types of internal load will
be present, internal shear force V = P and internal torque T = PR, then two types of shear stress
will be developed in this sectional area, direct shear stress and torsional shear stress.
𝑃 𝑃
▪ Direct shear stress = =𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑2
4
𝑑
𝑇( ) 16𝑃𝑅
2
▪ Torsional shear stress = 𝜋 𝑑 4 =
( ) 𝜋𝑑 3
2 2

▪ Total shear stress = Direct shear stress + Torsional shear stress


16𝑃𝑅 𝑑
Total shear stress = (1 + )
𝜋𝑑 3 4𝑅
64𝑃𝑛𝑅3
▪ The total extension (δ) of a round spring of n turns is given by δ =
𝐺𝑑 4
𝑃 𝐺𝑑 4 64𝑘𝑛𝑅3
▪ Spring constant k = = ; hence, the modulus of rigidity, G =
𝛿 64𝑅3 𝑛 𝑑4
Experiment

A wire of diameter 4 mm is used to form a helical spring of 80 turns and 30 mm outer diameter.

Outer diameter Dout = 30 mm, then R = 13 mm.

Load (kg) Deformation (mm)


0 0
2 4
2.5 5
3 6
3.5 7
4 8
4.5 9
5 10
5.5 11
6 12
Analysis:

i. Draw the P-δ diagram and find the spring constant, k (N/mm).
ii. Find the modulus of rigidity of the spring’s material.
iii. Determine the total shear stress developed in the spring when P = 19 kg.

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