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Civil Engineering Surveying and Materials Guide

The document discusses different types of engineering surveys, maps, and tunnel sections. It provides examples of topographic maps that show elevation details and important physical features. It also lists different tunnel alignments like off-spur, saddle, and spiral tunnels. Various tunnel sections are described like horseshoe, segmental roof, and egg shapes that are suitable for different tunnel purposes and ground conditions. Materials for construction are also mentioned including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Foundations, permeability, earthworks, and surveying techniques are briefly covered as well.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
56 views4 pages

Civil Engineering Surveying and Materials Guide

The document discusses different types of engineering surveys, maps, and tunnel sections. It provides examples of topographic maps that show elevation details and important physical features. It also lists different tunnel alignments like off-spur, saddle, and spiral tunnels. Various tunnel sections are described like horseshoe, segmental roof, and egg shapes that are suitable for different tunnel purposes and ground conditions. Materials for construction are also mentioned including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Foundations, permeability, earthworks, and surveying techniques are briefly covered as well.

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cat buenafe
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Carmela Andrea T.

Buenafe November 25, 2020

BSCE – 5 CE Projects

Answer

Semi-final Quiz 5

1. Surveying
2. Leveling
3. Leveling
4. C. Unclear the idea of on how much natural renewal balances are determined Plane Surveying
5. Geodetic surveying
6. Topographic Maps – summary of the landscape and show important physical (natural and man-made) features
in an area. The primary difference is that they show elevation in detail.
 Example of Topographic Map include mountains, hills, valleys, lakes, oceans, rivers, cities, dams, and
roads. Elevation - The elevation, or height, of mountains and other objects is recorded as part
of topography. It is usually recorded in reference to sea level (the surface of the ocean).
7. Cadastral Maps – is a general land administrative tool which has no real legislative basis (as a cadastral plan
does).
 Example of Cadastral Maps is provides a cartographic record of official and sometimes private land
surveys and subdivisions. Facilitates the administration and transfer of land ownership. Records land
ownership.
8. Thematic Maps - depict information on a particular topic or theme.  The detail portrayed on a thematic map may
be physical, statistical, measured, or interpreted, and sometimes requires specialist knowledge by the map user.
 Example of Thematic Map is weather, population density and geology maps.
9. Based on purpose
 road, rail, and utilities
10. Based on surrounding materials
 soft clay vs. hard rock
11. Based on alignment
 Off-Spur tunnels – short length tunnels to negotiate minor obstacles
 Saddle tunnels – constructed in valleys along natural slope
 Slope tunnels – constructed in steep hills for economic and safe operation
 Spiral tunnels – constructed in narrow valleys in form of loops in interior of mountains to increase length
of tunnel to avoid steep slopes

12. Horse-shoe Section


 Best shape for traffic purposes
 Most widely used for highway and railway tunnels
13. Segmental Roof Section
 Suitable for subways or navigation tunnel
 Additional floor space and flat floor for moving equipment
14. Egg-shape Section
 Carrying sewage
 Effective in resisting external and internal pressures
Semi-final Quiz 6

1. Materials Engineering
2. Working Environment
3. Particle Board
4. Metals

 Iron  Nickel
 Steel  Copper

5. Polymers

 Thermoplastic Polymers
 Thermosetting Polymers
 Elastomers

6. Ceramics
 Glass
 Cements
 Clay products
7. Composites
 Particulate Composites
 Fibrous Composites
 Laminated Composites
8. Deep Foundations
9. Geotechnical Engineering
10. Permeability & Compressibility
11. Earthworks
12. Ancient Greeks
13. Porosity Ratio
14. Slab Foundations
15. Geotechnical Engineer

SEMI –FINAL EXAM

1. Materials Engineering
2. Working Environment
3. Particle Board
4. Metals

 Iron  Nickel
 Iron  Titanium

5. Polymers
 Thermoplastic Polymers
 Thermosetting Polymers
 Elastomers
6. Ceramics
 Clay Products
 Refractories
 Abrasives

7. Composites
 Particulate Composites
 Fibrous Composites
 Laminated Composites
8. Deep Foundation
9. Construction Material Testing
10. Permeability & Compressibility
11. Earthworks
12. Ancient Greeks
13. Porosity Ratio
14. Slab Foundation
15. Geotechnical Engineers
16. Surveying
17. Leveling
18. Leveling
19. C. Unclear the idea of on how much natural renewal balances are determined
20. Plane Surveying
21. Geodetic Surveying
22. Topographic Maps
23. Cadastral Map
24. Resource Maps
25. Climate Maps
26. Flood Maps
27. Road Maps
28. Based on purpose
 road, rail, and utilities
29. Based on surrounding materials
 soft clay vs. hard rock
30. Based on alignment
 Off-Spur tunnels – short length tunnels to negotiate minor obstacles
 Saddle tunnels – constructed in valleys along natural slope
 Slope tunnels – constructed in steep hills for economic and safe operation
 Spiral tunnels – constructed in narrow valleys in form of loops in interior of mountains to increase length
of tunnel to avoid steep slopes
31. Horse - Shoe Section
 Best shape for traffic purposes
 Most suitable for soft rocks and carrying water sewage
 Most widely used for highway and railway tunnels
32. Segmental Roof Section
 Suitable for sub-ways or navigational tunnels
 Additional floor space and flat floor for moving equipment
33. Egg-Shape Section
 Carrying sewage
 Effective resisting external and internal pressures
34. Circular Section
 To withstand heavy internal or external radial pressures
 Best theoretical section for resisting forces
 Sewers and water carrying purposes
35. Rectangular Section
 Suitable for hard rocks
 Adopted for pedestrian traffic
 Costly and difficult to construct
36. Off – Spur Tunnels
37. Saddle or Base Tunnels
38. Slope Tunnels
39. Spiral Tunnels
40. Shear Strength
41. Geotechnical Engineers
42. The curvature of the earth is taken into account
43. Survey accuracy is high
44. The triangle formed by any three points is considered as spherical
45. Geodetic surveying uses more precise instrument an modern technology like GPS
46. The curvature of the earth is ignored
47. Survey accuracy is low
48. The angles of the triangle are considered as plain angles
49. The triangle formed by any three points is considered as plain
50. Plane surveying uses normal instrument like chain, measuring tape, theodolite, etc..

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