Application of electro-membrane technologies
in zero liquid discharge technology
J. Havelka,.T. Jiricek, H. Farova
T. Dornik, J. Kroupa
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MEGA a.s. Czech Republic
RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT
MEGA a.s. Czech Republic
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Ion Exchange membrane
Principal of separation
different charge of ion and membrane
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Type of in Exchange membrane
cationexchange membrane (CEM)
anion exchange membrane (AEM)
bipolar membrane (BPM)
All can be use in ZLD process
Ion Exchange membrane
Principal of separation
different charge of ion and membrane
RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT
Type of in Exchange membrane
cationexchange membrane (CEM)
anion exchange membrane (AEM)
bipolar membrane (BPM)
All can be use in ZLD process
Ion Exchange membrane
Principal of separation
different charge of ion and membrane
RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT
Type of in Exchange membrane
cationexchange membrane (CEM)
anion exchange membrane (AEM)
bipolar membrane (BPM)
All can be use in ZLD process
Ion Exchange membrane
Principal of separation
different charge of ion and membrane
RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT
Type of in Exchange membrane
cationexchange membrane
anion exchange membrane
bipolar membrane
All can be use in ZLD process
Ion Exchange membrane
Principal of separation
different charge of ion and membrane
RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT
Type of in Exchange membrane
cationexchange membrane
anion exchange membrane
bipolar membrane
All can be use in ZLD process
Electro dialysis with monopolar membrane
use mainly with thermal ZLD processes
allows to importantly increase the concentration of ions
RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT
Electro dialysis with monopolar membrane
use with thermal ZLD processes
allows to importantly increase the concentration of ions
RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT
Electro dialysis with monopolar membrane
use with thermal ZLD processes
allows to importantly increase the concentration of ions
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Electro dialysis with bipolar membrane
use in non-thermal ZLD processes
allow to recovery acid and base from corresponding salt
(inorganic and organic salts)
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Zero liquide discharge
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ZLD application industries
Sea water desalination Pulp and paper
Power plant Food and feed industry
Textile industry Landfill leachate
Steel and metal industry Groundwater remedation
Mining industry Etc.
By Saltworks Technologies -, CC BY-SA 4. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64115897
Case study of chosen India project
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Comparison of both membrane processes
HERO+DTRO EDR process
Recovery 86% 94%
Brine flow 10 m3/h 4m3/h
Energy
473 kW.h 560 kW.h
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consumption
∆ RO-EDR = 87 kW.h
SiO2 increase concentration not effect
HERO – low tolerance
COD EDR – similar to DTRO
DTRO – similar to EDR
Max TDS 79 000 mg/l 160 000 mg/l
Comparison of both MVR after membrane processes
MVR after HER+DTRO MVR after
EDR process
Feed 10 m3/h 4m3/h
Energy 455kW.h 168 kW.h
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consumption
∆ MVR(EDR) - MVR(RO) = 287 kW.h
OPEX Comparison
EDR+MVR save 20% of OPEX compare to RO+MVR
(counted for price 0.5 RMB / kWh)
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CAPEX Comparison
EDR+MVR save about 20% of CAPEX compare to RO+MVR
(counted for Chinese market prices of MVR, DTRO, HERO)
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RALEX EDR stacks for industrial applications
ED/EDR-II ED/EDR-III ED/EDR-IF
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Non-Water TDS < 3000 mg/l TDS > 3000 mg/l
Both low or high TDS app. Main focus
recovery of high value liquids
RALEX EDR stacks for industrial applications
EDR-IF/250 Advantages:
• Zero leakages
• No burning
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• Lower CAPEX for systems
• Lower OPEX
• Reduction of maintenance
• Reduction of system Lay-out
• New application potential
• Human safety
Electro dialysis with bipolar membrane
use in non-thermal ZLD processes
allow to recovery acid and base from corresponding salt
(inorganic and organic salts)
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GEAM Case study
EDBM-IF/300
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EDBM integration
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Operation costs
for full scale: 5.13 t/h 4.0% Na2SO4 desalinated to 1.2%
(143 kg of Na2SO4 per hour)
electric energy 0.064 €/kWh
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no feed costs, no water costs, no waste costs
the same frequency of spare parts changes as on existing EDR on
the same feed Operation costs Operation
[€/year] costs [%]
Electric energy 203 510 88
Water (RO permeate) 0 0
88% electrical energy Chemicals 62 0
Spare parts 27 326 12
12% spare parts Wastes 0 0
Total operation costs 230 836 100
Operation costs
chemical prices: 210 €/t 50% NaOH, 55 €/t 94% H2SO4
price of produced chemicals 317,034 €/year
minus direct operation costs 230,836 €/year
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gives operating profit 86,198 €/year
Preliminary result: EDBM economically feasible only by reduction
of NaOH and H2SO4 purchase!
Conclution
EDR is applicable in ZLD processes as concentrator before
thermal processes
EDR can substitute HERO, DTRO or it can supplement them
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(water composition)
EDBM can substitute the thermal processes in ZLD
prices of MVR, HERO or DTRO strongly depend on the country
of origin, even with lowcost price on Chines market, ED is still
the most price efficient
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THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
