CONTAINER LOADING GUIDELINES
As the shipper, you are the responsible party
for the packing and loading of your cargo into
the shipping container(s) it will be transported
in.
While you have the freedom and flexibility to
pack and load your cargo as you see fit, you
should be aware of proper loading practices.
Improper loading of cargo can lead to
damage of your goods. Customs may
examine your container if an x-ray shows
improper and unprofessional loading as it
may be a sign of concealing unusual items.
This will cause an intensive exam of your
shipment which may cause additional delays
and significant expenses.
Household and Personal Effects Shippers
should be especially carefully with loading
since they have less experience with proper
loading practices.
Key factors to consider when loading a container include:
1. Weight Distribution
2. Space Utilization
3. Cargo Variation & Compatibility
Important Notes:
1. Careful planning should be done before the time comes to load your cargo
into a container.
2. There are special laws and regulations that you are responsible for
knowing and being in compliance with for the shipping of hazardous
materials.
Hazardous materials regulations are in Title 49 of the Code of Federal
Regulations, Parts 100-178 and published in the International Maritime
Dangerous Goods Code.
1. Weight Distribution – The weight of
your cargo should be evenly spread over
the entire area of the container’s floor.
If the weight of your cargo is densely
concentrated, distribute its weight with
bedding.
You may not exceed the maximum
mass/weight capacity of a container
(Payload) with the cargo you load into it.
Rating – Tare = Payload
(See Glossary for more details)
2. Space Utilization – Use the whole
space of the container, wall to wall, filling
empty spaces with dunnage.
Packing a container tightly will help keep
cargo secured in place so it does not
move around and become damaged.
Straps may also be used to secure
cargo.
Example: Do not stack cargo all the way to the top in the back half of a
container, but load over the entire area of the floor in the bottom half of the
container.
Important Note: Do not put direct pressure on container doors. Utilize a proper
fence or gate if needed.
3. Cargo Variation & Compatibility – Careful attention must be paid to the
stowage of varying items in a shipping container.
Weight, size, density, and properties such as solid or liquid, and even odors of
commodities are factors to be considered when loading your cargo into a
container.
Container Loading Guidelines [Link]
Even dense “hard to damage”
commodities can be damaged if loaded
improperly.
Heavier items should never be loaded
above items of lesser weight for risk of
crushing.
High-density packages loaded next to
low-density packages also create risks
of crushing or otherwise damaging
cargo.
Cushioning material should be placed
between items and dunnage used to fill voids to prevent
movement and chafing damage.
Containers of wet goods should not be loaded above dry
cargo. If dry and wet cargo are loaded on the same
level, dunnage should be used to raise dry cargo off the
ground to prevent damage in the event of leakage.
Note: When stacking, cargo tiers should be made level.
Container Loading Guidelines [Link]
Glossary
Dunnage - loose materials used to support and protect cargo in a ship's hold;
also: padding in a shipping container (Merriam-Webster)
FEU - forty-foot equivalent unit. Method of measuring vessel load or capacity, in
units of forty-foot long containers.
Payload - the maximum permitted mass or weight of cargo for a container,
including the dunnage and cargo securement arrangements that are not
associated with the container in its normal operating condition; equivalent to Tare
subtracted from Rating.
Rating - the maximum gross mass or weight of a container plus its contents. For
TEU (20’ dry container), the rating is 24,000 kgs or 52,900 lbs. For FEU (40’ dry
container) the rating is 30,480 kgs or 67,200 lbs.
Tare - the mass or weight of empty container; also called: Tare Mass and Tare
Weight. A 20' dry cargo container may weigh 1,800 kgs - 2,400 kgs; a 40' dry
cargo container may weigh 2,800 kgs - 4,000 kgs, and a 40' high cube dry cargo
container may weigh 3,900 kgs. to 4,200 kgs.
TEU - twenty-foot equivalent unit. Method of measuring vessel load or capacity,
in units of containers that are twenty feet long. A 40’ long container measures 2
TEUs.
Container Loading Guidelines [Link]
