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Site-Specific Nutrient Management in

Site- Introduction
Rice and Fertilizer Recommendation
Myanmar’s current population is 53.90 million - 70 % live in
in Myanmar rural areas and engage primarily in agriculture.
Agriculture plays a vital role in the country’s economy.
The main crops are cereals (rice, maize, and wheat), pulses,
and oilseed crops (sesame, peanut, and sunflower).
By
Rice covers approximately 50 % of the total sown area.
War War Thein
Deputy Director
Land Use Division
25.8.2016

Rice Growing Area in Myanmar

Need for an improved approach to
Rice production in Myanmar
nutrient management for rice
 Total sowing area - about (20) M acre Nutrient need for rice
 can differ from field to field
 Production - 28 M MT
 can differ year to year (varying climate and growing
 Average Yield- < 4 ton ha-1 (80.0 basket ac-1)
season conditions)
 Target Yield - 5 ton ha-1 (100 basket ac-1) The relatively low yield level
Production constraint – Soil with low fertility
Constant removal and taking up nutrient from soil
Rice growing area
Soil fertility decline gradually

The SSNM approach Omission plot technique

1. Establish a target yield  To estimate fertilizer requirements.
 Adequate amounts of all nutrients are applied except
Target yield 5 t/ha for the nutrient of interest (the omitted nutrient).
(100 baskets)
Yield gap
Fertilization  The yield in an omission plot is related to the
Yield without indigenous soil supplying capacity of the omitted
fertilizer 4 t/ha
(80 baskets)
nutrient.
The yield gap (target yield - the yield in the omission
2. Obtain the highest possible yield
without added fertilizer plot) - calculate fertilizer requirements.
3. Apply fertilizer to fill the gap between  Omission plots make any nutrient limitations
target yield and yield without added visible.
fertilizer

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Omission Technique on farmer’s field

The principle of R.T.O.P

 Reaching toward optimum productivity based on soil

indigenous level in specific area
 Dynamic adjustments in fertilizer N
 Effective use of indigenous nutrient
 Efficient fertilizer N management through the use of L
Omission plot design .C .C
 Use to determine the requirements for P and K
 Use of tested S and Zn assessment
+NPKS +PKS +NKS +NPS +NPK +NPKSZn

Methodology for RTOP RTOP implementation in regional

offices of LUD (2011
(2011--2015)
Plot size - 5m x 5m = 25 m2
Total Plot – 6 plots [Link] division 9. Kachin state
Bunds between plots – 25cm x 25cm (to limit nutrient
movement) 2. Mandalay division 10. Kayar state
3. Naypyidaw division 11. Kayin state
Fertilizer application rate and name of fertilizer
4. Sagaing division 12. Chin state
Nutrient Fertilizer Total rate Plot rate Time of 5. Bago division 13. Mon state
(kg ha-1) (g plt-1) Application
N Urea 100 N 540 3 time [Link] division 14. Rakhing state
P TSP 50 P2O5 270 Basal
7. Magway division 15. Shan state (East)
K Potash 60 K2O 250 2 time
S Gypsum 11 S 375 Basal [Link] division 16. Shan state (North)
Zn Zifer 5 Zn 60 Basal
17. Shan state(South)

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RTOP results in some regions

120

100

Rice yield (bsk ac-1)

Mandalay division 80 NPKS
N (-)
Magway division 60
Bago division P (-)
K (-)
40
Ayeyawady division S (-)
20 Zn(+)

Tanintharyi division 0
Tanintharyi Ayeyawady Magway Bago Mandalay
Different regions (Monsoon)

Based on (5
(5) years observation For N, P and K fertilizer recommendation
Generally,
 Full plot Yield - omission plot yield = nutrient response
 Full fertilized plots give the highest yield in every regions.
 (-N) plots yield - significantly different from full fertilized  100 - 70 = 30 * 3.7
plots. = 111 lb urea
 (-P) plots and (-K) plots yield - depends on indigenous
 TSP= 100-85= 15*2.5= 37.5 lb
nutrient level of each region.
 MOP= 100-80=20*2.5=50 lb
 S and Zn also necessary for soil fertility improvement.

Fertilizer recommendation for Future plan for development of SSNM in

selected regions rice and fertilizer recommendation
Develop SSNM and fertilizer recommendations
Regions Urea TSP MOP  In different locations and different rice varieties
(lb ac-1) (lb ac-1) (lb ac-1)
Evaluate and improve SSNM recommendation
Tanintharyi 232.73 74.57 52.9  N management Combine with LCC, use of P, K, S, and Zn in
SSNM recommendation
Ayeyawady 84.81 41.68 33.85  Measure profit based on fertilizer costs and rice yield
 Include addition plots
Magway 152.63 88.13 85.95
Demonstrate and promote fertilizer recommendations
Bago 90.05 33.87 31.55  Farmer meetings and farmer field days

Mandalay 102 38.3 12 Use nutrient omission plot technique in farmer field

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