Five Element Acupuncture Theory and Clinical Applications - TCM Theory

Five element theory is one of the major systems of thought within Chinese medicine. From a historical perspective it is an important
underpinning of medical theory and serves as one of the major diagnostic and treatment protocols. In modern clinical practice the
five element theory is used in varying degrees depending on the practitioner and style of acupuncture that they practice.

For practitioners or Traditional Chinese Medicine, the theory may be used to help form a diagnosis when there is conflicting signs
and symptoms. Additionally, elements of the theory are useful for assisting patients with nutritional balancing and/or working through
emotional issues. The theory is used extensively by Japanese acupuncturists within the five phase treatment protocols and by
Classical five element practitioners, such as those who follow the teachings of the late J.R. Worsley. The information below
discusses the Five Element theory and clinical applications in detail. For a more general interest description of five elements theory,
you may read "A Discussion of Five Element Theory and Applications to Life."

 Primary Correspondences Within Five Element Theory

 Five Element Cycles, Relationships and Interactions
 Five Element Pathology and Clinical Applications
 Classical Five Element (worsley) style
 Discuss Acupuncture Theory

Primary Correspondences Within Five Element Theory

The Five Element theory is based on the observation of the natural cycles and interrelationships in both our environment and within
ourselves. The foundation of the theory rests in the correspondences of each element to a variety of phenomena. The most common
correspondences are listed in the chart below:
 Elements FIRE EARTH METAL WATER WOOD
Yin Organs Heart & Spleen Lungs Kidneys Liver
Pericardium
Yang Organs Small Intestine Stomach Large Intestine Urinary Bladder Gall Bladder
& Triple Heater
Primary Correspondences within Five Element Theory

Sense Organs Tongue Mouth Nose Ears Eyes

Tissues Vessels Muscles Skin Bone Tendons
Tastes Bitter Sweet Pungent Salty Sour
Colors Red Yellow White Blue/Black Green
Sounds Laughing Singing Crying Groaning Shouting
Odor Scorched Fragrant Rotten Putrid Rancid
Emotions Joy Worry/Pensiveness Grief/Sadness Fear Anger
Seasons&Directns Summer / South Late Summer/Center Autumn / West Winter / North Spring / East
Environment Heat Dampness Dryness Cold Wind
Develpmntl. Stages Growth Transformation Harvest Storage Birth
Body Types Pointed Features Large Features Triangular Features Round features Tall Slender
Small Hands Strong Legs Strong Voice Strong Digestion Strong Bones &
Quick Energetic Calm Generous Meticulous, Strong Loyal, Enjoy Joints
Willed Movement Hard Workers
Five Element Cyles, Relationships and Interactions

Within five element theory there are four main relationships or ways in which the elements
interact. The first of these is the Generating (sheng, mother-child) Cycle. This cycle
describes the ways in which each element, serving as a mother, promotes the growth and
development of the following child element.

Examples of this cycle are the Wood element providing the generative force for Fire, Fire
providing the generative force for Earth, etc. This relationship provides the foundation for
understanding five element theory and, consequently, where imbalances may arise within the
cycle. If Earth, for example, is weakened from a poor diet and overwork you will see that more nourishment is requested from the
Fire element to nourish Earth. Additionally, if Earth is weakened the Metal element may also be effected.

From a clinical perspective you may see people develop digestive issues from irregular eating, excessive worry and overwork which
leads to a proliferation of dampness which then effects the Metal element. Within this case you may see a combination of bloating,
gas and poor energy with the development of Metal (Lung) symptoms such as sinusitis or phlegm-type asthma.

The Controlling (ke, grandparent-grandchild) Cycle provides for a check and balance
system among all of the elements. Within this cycle Earth, for example, provides a control for
Water and is controlled by Wood. An example of this relationship within the body is in cases of
anxiety (Fire) which are related to LV Qi Stagnation (Wood) where, over time, you begin to see
more Kidney (Water) related signs as the Water element attempts to control the overactive Fire.
 The Overacting Cycle (Cheng) is an imbalance within the controlling cycle where the
grandmother element provides too much control over the grandchild and weakens the element.
Within nature you may see Water putting out Fire, Earth soaking up Water and so on.

A clinical example of this relationship would be Liver (Wood) overacting on the Spleen (Earth).
In this case you have an overactive Wood element overcontrolling Earth leading to distruptions
in the digestive system.

The Insulting Cycle (Wu) is also an imbalance within the

controlling cycle where the grandchild insults or returns the controlling force generated by the
grandmother. Using examples from nature you can see Fire burning up Water and Water
washing away Earth and so on.

Clinically you may see this in cases where people have long-term psychological problems (Fire)
which eventually effect the Kidneys (Water) as seen in the development of more Yin (Water)
deficiency signs.

Five Element Pathology and Clinical Applications

As described in the introduction there are a variety of ways in which the theory is used clinically. Our Japanese section describes
the five phase treatments in detail and our classical five element (worsley style) page describes the ways in which a pure five
element practitioner would utilize the theory.
This section describes the basic ways in which a practitioner of traditional chinese medicine applies the theory in a clinical setting.
The Five Shu (transporting) Points, listed below, represent the relationship of the theory to individual acupuncture points. Our
understanding of these points is based largely on the information within the Nan-Ching: The Classic of Difficult Issues.

Five Shu Points

Yin Meridians Jing-well Ying-spring Shu-stream Jing-river He-Sea

(Wood) (Fire) (Earth) (Metal) (Water)
LU LU 11 LU 10 LU 9 LU 8 LU 5
PC PC 9 PC 8 PC 7 PC 5 PC 3
HT HT 9 HT 8 HT 7 HT 4 HT 3
SP SP 1 SP 2 SP 3 SP 5 SP 9
LV LV 1 LV 2 LV 3 LV 4 LV 8
KD KD 1 KD 2 KD 3 KD 7 KD 10
Yang Jing-well Ying-spring Shu-stream Jing-river He-Sea
Meridians (Metal) (Water) (Wood) (Fire) (Earth)
LI LI 1 LI 2 LI 3 LI 5 LI 11
TH TH 1 TH 2 TH 3 TH 6 TH 10
SI SI 1 SI 2 SI 3 SI 5 SI 8
ST ST 45 ST 44 ST 43 ST 41 ST 36
GB GB 44 GB 43 GB 41 GB 38 GB 34
UB UB 67 UB 66 UB 65 UB 60 UB 40

The major point categories (i.e. jing well, etc.) described above are discussed in more detail here. For the purposes of this discussion
an extract from the chart above showing only the Mother and Child points provides a good starting point to understand the
application of the theory to acupuncture.

The Mother and Child points for each meridian are derived from the chart above using the following logic. According to the
generating cycle the mother of Earth is Fire and the child of Earth is Metal. Using this information for the Yin Earth Meridian (Spleen)
the mother point is the Fire point on the Spleen meridian SP 2 and the child point is the Metal point on the Spleen meridian SP 5.
Mother & Child Five Element Points

Mother Child
Lung (Metal) LU 9 LU 5
Large Intestine (Metal) LI 11 LI 2
Stomach (Earth) ST 41 ST 45
Spleen (Earth) SP 2 SP 5
Heart (Fire) HT 9 HT 7
Small Intestine (Fire) SI 3 SI 8
Urinary Bladder (Water) UB 67 UB 65
Kidney (Water) KD 7 KD 1
Pericardium (Fire) PC 9 PC 7
Triple Heater (Fire) TH 3 TH 10
Gall Bladder (Wood) GB 43 GB 38
Liver (Wood) LV 8 LV 2

A clinical example of this theory would be dispersing the child point of the Wood meridian (Liver) - LV 2 - in the case of LV Fire
Rising where a patient is experiencing LV signs such as anger and irritability along with HT related signs such as disturbed sleep and
agitation.

Another example would be tonifying the mother point of the Earth meridian (Spleen) - SP 2 - in the case of SP Qi Deficiency where a
patient is experiencing poor appetite and low energy.

The example above brings up an interesting point from the perspective of a TCM practitioner. While the five element theory is a
useful tool in many cases, there are times where the theory indicates a point which clinical experience has proven to be less effective
than another point. In the case above, SP 2 is indicated by the theory whereas SP 3 is more commonly used for this condition. Some
of the points which have varying degrees of correspondence with the theory are:

 HT 9 & PC 9 - are most often used to clear heat.  ST 41 - is typically used to disperse fever a/or reduce
 SI 3 & SI 8 - reduce heat, pain and stagnation but abdominal distention, although it can be as a local point
provide no tonifying effect. in a tonifying manner to increase energy flow to the foot.
 LI 11 - is typically dispersed to clear heat.  SP 2 - is not the most tonifying point on the SP meridian
 TH 3 - has no tonification effects. - SP 3 is a better choice.
 GB 43 & GB 38 - are both used to clear heat.  UB 67 - dispersive point for acute conditions