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Module Lesson Science Reading Activity: What Is Classification?

The document discusses the concept of classification in biology, detailing the historical and modern methods of organizing living organisms, including taxonomy and binomial nomenclature. It describes various groups such as Archaea, Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi, highlighting their characteristics and roles in the ecosystem. Key differences between these groups and their functions in nature are also outlined.

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Rico Cayanan, LPT
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31 views4 pages

Module Lesson Science Reading Activity: What Is Classification?

The document discusses the concept of classification in biology, detailing the historical and modern methods of organizing living organisms, including taxonomy and binomial nomenclature. It describes various groups such as Archaea, Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi, highlighting their characteristics and roles in the ecosystem. Key differences between these groups and their functions in nature are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Rico Cayanan, LPT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MODULE LESSON SCIENCE READING ACTIVITY

What is classification?

 Classification: putting things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics

 Taxonomy: the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

Early classification

 Aristotle grouped everything into simple groups such as animals or plants


 He then grouped animals according to if they had blood or didn’t have blood, and if they had
live young or laid eggs, and so on…
Binomial Nomenclature

 Developed by Carolus Linnaeus

 Swedish Biologist 1700’s

 Two-name system

 Genus and species named using Latin or Greek


words

 Gives a unique 2-word, Latin, scientific name to all


living things

 Genus is capitalized; species is not; both are


italicized

 Examples: Homo sapiens = human


Felis domesticus = cat
Panthera tigris = tiger
Modern Taxonomy

The Evidence used to classify into taxon groups


1) Embryology 2) Chromosomes / DNA 3) Biochemistry
4) Physiology 5) Evolution 6) Behavior
Archaea

The Archaea are one of two groups of prokaryotic organisms, organisms with no nuclear membrane.
(Bacteria are the other group.)

Archaea are believed to be the earliest form of life on Earth. Although both archaea and bacteria are
simple life-forms, archaea are very different from bacteria.

Archaea do not require sunlight for photosynthesis, as plants do, and they do not need oxygen.
Archaea absorb CO2, N2, or H2S and give off methane gas as a waste product.

Archaea are best known for living in extremely hostile environments (very hot, very acid, or very
salty), but they can also be found in less extreme conditions.

Bacteria – the Most Abundant Organisms

Bacteria are the primary recyclers of materials in the environment, particularly nitrogen.

Bacteria are also essential for many processes we depend on – sewage treatment, cheese
production, antibiotic production, and biotechnological processes like gene cloning and protein
production.

PROTISTS

• Protists are eukaryotes because they all have a nucleus.


• Most have mitochondria.
• Many have chloroplasts with which they carry on
photosynthesis.
• Many are unicellular and all groups (with one exception)
contain some unicellular members.
A better name for Protists would be "Eukaryotes that are
neither Animals, Fungi, nor Plants".
FUNGI

Fungi sometimes look like plants, but they’re not!


Fungi can’t do photosynthesis, because they don’t have chloroplasts; they get their nutrients from
the organic material they live in.
 Decomposers, like mushrooms, feed on dead organic material.
 Some fungi feed on living organisms, such as plants, animals and even other fungi. This causes
diseases and infections in these organisms (like athlete’s foot and ringworm in humans).
 Some fungi live as symbiotic partners with algae. The result: lichen (pronounced “like-n”).
Other differences from plants:
• fungi don’t have roots, they have a mycelium.
• fungi’s cell walls are made of chitin, not cellulose.

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